Adelina Patti (Adelina Patti) |
Adelina patti
U-Patti ungomunye wabameleli abakhulu besiqondiso se-virtuoso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayephinde abe umlingisi onekhono, nakuba uhla lwakhe lokudala lwalulinganiselwe ikakhulukazi ezindimeni zamahlaya nezomculo. Omunye umgxeki ovelele wathi ngoPatti: “Unezwi elikhulu, elisha kakhulu, eliphawuleka ngokukhangayo namandla ashukumisayo, izwi elingenazinyembezi, kodwa eligcwele ukumamatheka.”
“Emiculweni ye-opera esekelwe ezinhlelweni ezimangalisayo, uPatti wayekhangwa ukudabuka okungapheli, ububele, amazwi ahlabayo kunezinkanuko ezinamandla nezivuthayo,” kuphawula u-VV Timokhin. - Ezindimeni zika-Amina, uLucia, uLinda, umdwebi ujabulise abantu besikhathi sakhe ikakhulukazi ngobulula bangempela, ubuqotho, ubuhlakani bobuciko - izimfanelo ezitholakala endimeni yakhe yamahlaya ...
Abantu besikhathi samanje bathola izwi lomculi, nakuba lingenamandla kangako, lihlukile ekululameni kwalo, ubusha, ukuguquguquka nokucwazimula, futhi ubuhle be-timbre baluthwa ingqondo ngokoqobo abalaleli. U-Patty wayenokufinyelela kububanzi obusuka ku-“si” we-octave encane ukuya ku-“fa” kweyesithathu. Eminyakeni yakhe engcono kakhulu, kwakungakaze kudingeke “acule” emdlalweni noma ekhonsathini ukuze kancane kancane abe sesimweni esihle - kusukela emishwaneni yokuqala ngqa wabonakala ehlome ngokugcwele ngobuciko bakhe. Ukugcwala komsindo nokuhlanzeka okumsulwa kwephimbo bekulokhu kungokwemvelo ekuculeni kweciko, futhi ikhwalithi yokugcina yalahleka kuphela lapho ephendukela kumsindo ophoqelelwe wezwi lakhe eziqeshini ezimangalisayo. Indlela emangalisayo kaPatti, ukukhululeka okumangalisayo umculi enza ngakho izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi (ikakhulukazi ama-trills nezikali ze-chromatic ezikhuphukayo), kwavusa ukuthakaselwa kwendawo yonke.
Ngempela, isiphetho sika-Adeline Patti sanqunywa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Iqiniso liwukuthi wazalwa (February 19, 1843) khona kanye isakhiwo Madrid Opera. Umama ka-Adeline wacula indima yesihloko ku-“Norma” lapha emahoreni ambalwa nje ngaphambi kokuzalwa! Ubaba ka-Adeline, uSalvatore Patti, naye wayengumculi.
Ngemva kokuzalwa kwentombazane - kakade ingane yesine, izwi lomculi lalahlekelwa izimfanelo zalo ezinhle kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha waphuma esiteji. Futhi ngo-1848, umndeni wakwaPatty waya phesheya kwezilwandle ukuyofuna ingcebo yabo futhi wazinza eNew York.
U-Adeline ube nentshisekelo ku-opera kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ngokuvamile, kanye nabazali bakhe, wavakashela yaseshashalazini New York, lapho abaculi abaningi abadumile ngaleso sikhathi.
Ekhuluma ngokukhula kukaPatti, umlobi wokuphila kwakhe uTheodore de Grave ucaphuna isiqephu esivusa ilukuluku: “Ebuyela ekhaya ngolunye usuku ngemva komdlalo kaNorma, lapho abaculi babeshayelwa ihlombe nezimbali, u-Adeline wasebenzisa umzuzu lapho umkhaya umatasa nesidlo sakusihlwa. ,athubeleze ayongena ekameleni likanina. Lapho igibela, intombazane—yayineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala ngaleso sikhathi—yazisonga ingubo, yafaka umqhele ekhanda layo—inkumbulo yokunqoba kukanina—futhi, ibeka okubalulekile phambi kwesibuko, nesithombe. emoyeni we-debutante eqiniseka ngokujulile ngomthelela awukhiqizile, wacula isingeniso esithi aria Norma. Lapho izwi lokugcina lezwi lomntwana libanda emoyeni, yena, edlula endimeni yabalaleli, wazivuza ngokushaya ihlombe elinamandla, wasusa umqhele ekhanda lakhe wawaphonsa phambi kwakhe, ukuze, awuphakamise, abe nethuba lokwenza iminsalo emnandi kakhulu, umculi obiziwe owake wabonga ngayo izithameli zakhe.
Ithalente lika-Adeline elingenamibandela lamvumela, ngemva kwesifundo esifushane nomfowabo u-Ettore ngo-1850, eneminyaka eyisikhombisa (!), Ukudlala esiteji. Abathandi bomculo baseNew York baqale ukukhuluma ngomculi osemusha, ocula i-arias yakudala ngekhono elingaqondakali leminyaka yakhe.
Abazali babeqonda ukuthi kwakuyingozi kangakanani ukwenza kanjalo ezwini lendodakazi yabo, kodwa isidingo sasingekho enye indlela. Amakhonsathi amasha ka-Adeline eWashington, Philadelphia, Boston, New Orleans nakwamanye amadolobha aseMelika aba yimpumelelo enkulu. Waphinde waya eCuba nase-Antilles. Iminyaka emine, umculi osemusha wenza izikhathi ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu!
Ngo-1855, u-Adeline, ngemva kokuyeka ngokuphelele ukudlala ekhonsathini, waqala ukutadisha ingoma yase-Italy noStrakosh, umyeni kadadewabo omdala. Wayenguye yedwa, ngaphandle komfowabo, uthisha wezwi. Ekanye noStrakosh, ulungiselele imidlalo eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Adeline wafunda upiyano nodadewabo uCarlotta.
"Ngo-November 24, 1859 kwaba usuku olubalulekile emlandweni wezobuciko," kubhala VV Timokhin. – Ngalolu suku, izethameli ze-New York Academy of Music zazikhona ngesikhathi kuzalwa umculi we-opera omusha ovelele: U-Adeline Patti udlale indima yakhe yokuqala lapha ku-Lucia di Lammermoor kaDonizetti. Ubuhle bezwi obuyivelakancane nezindlela eziyingqayizivele zomculi zibangele umsindo omkhulu wehlombe emphakathini. Ngesizini yokuqala, ucula ngempumelelo enkulu kwamanye ama-opera ayishumi nane aphinde avakashele amadolobha aseMelika, kulokhu ecula nomdlali wevayolini ovelele waseNorway u-Ole Bull. Kodwa uPatty akazange acabange ukuthi udumo ayeluthole eZweni Elisha lwanele; Intombazane esencane yaphuthuma eYurophu ukuyolwela khona ilungelo lokubizwa ngomculi wokuqala wesikhathi sayo.
NgoMeyi 14, 1861, uvela phambi kwabaseLondon, abagcwalisa inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseCovent Garden ukuba ichichime, endimeni ka-Amina (Bellini's La sonnambula) futhi uhlonishwe ngokunqoba okwake kwawela inkatho, mhlawumbe kuphela kwePasta. kanye neMalibran. Ngokuzayo, umculi wethula abathandi bomculo wendawo ngokuchaza kwakhe izingxenye zeRosina (The Barber of Seville), Lucia (Lucia di Lammermoor), Violetta (La Traviata), Zerlina (Don Giovanni), Marta (Marta Flotov) , abavele bamqokela ezinhlwini zabaculi abadume umhlaba wonke.
Nakuba kamuva uPatti wahamba ephindelela emazweni amaningi eYurophu naseMelika, kwakuyiNgilandi lapho anikela khona ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe (ekugcineni wazinza lapho kusukela ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s). Kwanele ukusho ukuthi iminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu (1861-1884) ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe, amakhonsathi ayevame ukubanjelwa eCovent Garden. Ayikho enye ishashalazi esebone uPatti esiteji isikhathi eside kangaka.”
Ngo-1862, uPatti wadlala eMadrid naseParis. Ngokushesha u-Adeline waba intandokazi yabalaleli baseFrance. Umgxeki uPaolo Scyudo, egxile ekudlaleni kwakhe indima kaRosina ku-Barber yaseSeville, waphawula: “Inhlabamkhosi ethakazelisayo yaphuphuthekisa uMario, yamvala izindlebe ngokucindezela ama-castanets akhe. Yiqiniso, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, akekho uMario nanoma ubani omunye ngaphandle kombuzo; zonke zazifihliwe - ngokuzenzakalelayo, u-Adeline Patty kuphela oshiwo, mayelana nomusa wakhe, ubusha, izwi elimangalisayo, umuzwa omangalisayo wemvelo, ikhono lokuzidela futhi, ekugcineni ... ezwini lamajaji angachemi, ngaphandle kwalokho mancane amathuba okuthi afinyelele i-apogee yobuciko bakhe. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kufanele aqaphele ukutuswa okunomdlandla abagxeki bakhe abashibhile abalungele ukumqhumisa ngakho - lezo zitha zemvelo, nakuba ziyizitha ezinobuntu obuhle kakhulu zokunambitheka komphakathi. Ukutuswa kwabagxeki abanjalo kubi kakhulu kunokusola kwabo, kodwa uPatti uyingcweti ebucayi kangangokuthi, ngokungangabazeki, ngeke kube nzima kuye ukuthola izwi lokuzithiba nokungakhethi phakathi kwesixuku esijabulayo, izwi lendoda edela umhlatshelo. yonke into eqinisweni futhi ilungele ukuyiveza njalo ngokholo olugcwele ekungenzeki kokwethusa. ithalente elingenakuphikwa.”
Idolobha elilandelayo lapho uPatty ayelindele khona impumelelo kwakuyiSt. NgoJanuwari 2, 1869, lo mculi wacula eLa Sonnambula, kwase kuba namakhonsathi eLucia di Lammermoor, The Barber of Seville, Linda di Chamouni, L'elisir d'amore kanye noDon Pasquale kaDonizetti. Ngokudlala ngakunye, udumo luka-Adeline lwakhula. Ekupheleni kwesizini, umphakathi wambona njengeciko eliyingqayizivele, elingenakulingisa.
U-PI Tchaikovsky wabhala kwesinye sezindatshana zakhe ezibucayi: “… UNkk. Patti, ngokungenzeleli, ubekleliswe waba ngowokuqala kubo bonke osaziwayo abacula iminyaka eminingi ilandelana. Okumangalisayo ngomsindo, okukhulu ngezwi elilula namandla, ukuhlanzeka okungenakulinganiswa nokukhanya ku-coloratura, unembeza ongavamile nokwethembeka kobuciko enza ngakho ingxenye ngayinye, umusa, imfudumalo, ubuhle - konke lokhu kuhlanganiswe kulo mculi omangalisayo ngokulingana futhi ngesilinganiso se-harmonic. Lona ungomunye walabo abambalwa abakhethiwe abangabalwa phakathi kwesigaba sokuqala sobuntu bobuciko besigaba sokuqala.
Kwaphela iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye umculi efika njalo enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia. Imisebenzi kaPatty ithole ukubuyekezwa okuxubile kubagxeki. Umphakathi womculo wasePetersburg wahlukaniswa waba amakamu amabili: abalandeli baka-Adeline - "ama-patists" kanye nabasekeli bomunye umculi odumile, u-Nilson - "Nilsonists".
Mhlawumbe ukuhlola okunenjongo kunakho konke kwamakhono okusebenza ka-Patty kwanikezwa u-Laroche: “Uheha inhlanganisela yezwi elingajwayelekile nekhono elimangalisayo lokuphimisela. Izwi lihlukile ngempela: le sonority yamanothi aphezulu, lo mqulu omkhulu werejista ephezulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo la mandla, lokhu kuminyene kwe-mezzo-soprano yerejista ephansi, lokhu kukhanya, i-timbre evulekile, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhanya. futhi nxazonke, zonke lezi zimfanelo zihlangene zakha okuthile okumangalisayo. Kuningi osekushiwo ngekhono uPatty enza ngalo izikali, amatrili, nokunye, kangangokuthi angitholi lutho engingayengeza lapha; Ngizoqaphela kuphela ukuthi mhlawumbe ukunconywa okukhulu kunakho konke kuwufanele umqondo wokulinganisa enza ngawo kuphela ubunzima obufinyeleleka ezwini ... izinto engingazitholanga ukwedlula ukuphila okugcwele okutholakala ngezinye izikhathi phakathi kwabahlabeleli abanekhono elincane lokucula ... Ngokungangabazeki, indawo yakhe ilinganiselwe ohlotsheni olulula nolulungile, futhi inkolo yakhe njengomculi wokuqala wezinsuku zethu ifakazela kuphela ukuthi umphakathi iyalwazisa lolu hlobo ngaphezu kwakho konke futhi ngoba ilungele ukunikeza konke okunye.
Ngo-February 1, 1877, ukusebenza kwenzuzo yomculi kwenzeka e-Rigoletto. Akekho owacabanga ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi emfanekisweni kaGilda uzovela phambi kwabantu baseSt. Ngobusuku bangaphambi kweLa Traviata, umdwebi wangenwa umkhuhlane, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, kwadingeka ashintshe umculi oyinhloko wengxenye ka-Alfred esikhundleni somfundi. Umyeni walo mculi, iMarquis de Caux, uthe akawuhoxise lo mdlalo. UPatti, ngemva kokungabaza kakhulu, wanquma ukucula. Ekhefu lokuqala, wabuza umyeni wakhe: “Noma kunjalo, kubonakala sengathi ngicula kahle namuhla, naphezu kwakho konke?” “Yebo,” kuphendula u-marquis, “kodwa, ngingakubeka kanjani ngokwezokuxhumana, bengivame ukukuzwa usesimweni esingcono…”
Le mpendulo yayibonakala kumculi ingakhulumi ngokwanele. Edinwe egane unwabu, akhumule iwigi ayijikijele kumyeni wakhe, amkhiphele endlini yokugqoka. Khona-ke, eseluleme kancane, umculi nokho waletha ukusebenza ekupheleni futhi waba nempumelelo emangalisayo. Kodwa akakwazanga ukuthethelela umyeni wakhe ngokungagwegwesi kwakhe: ngokushesha ummeli wakhe eParis wamnikeza isicelo sokuhlukanisa. Lesi sigameko nomyeni wakhe sasakazwa kabanzi, futhi umculi washiya eRussia isikhathi eside.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uPatti waqhubeka enza emhlabeni wonke eminye iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Ngemva kwempumelelo yakhe eLa Scala, uVerdi wabhala kwenye yezincwadi zakhe: “Ngakho-ke, uPatti ube yimpumelelo enkulu! Kwakufanele kube njalo!.. Lapho ngimuzwa ngokokuqala ngqá (wayeneminyaka engu-18 ngaleso sikhathi) eLondon, angimangalanga nje ngokwenza okumangalisayo, kodwa nangezinye izici emdlalweni wakhe, lapho ngisho nangaleso sikhathi. kwavela umlingisi ophambili … ngalowo mzuzu… Ngamchaza njengomculi nomlingisikazi ongajwayelekile. Njengokuhlukile kwezobuciko. "
UPatti waqeda umsebenzi wakhe wasesiteji ngo-1897 e-Monte Carlo ngokudlala kuma-opera uLucia di Lammermoor kanye ne-La Traviata. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umculi uye wazinikela emsebenzini wekhonsathi kuphela. Ngo-1904 waphinde wavakashela eSt. Petersburg futhi wacula ngempumelelo enkulu.
UPatti wavalelisa emphakathini unomphela ngo-Okthoba 20, 1914 e-Albert Hall yaseLondon. Ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa ubudala. Futhi nakuba izwi lakhe laphelelwa amandla nobusha, i-timb yakhe yahlala imnandi.
UPatti wachitha iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe enqabeni yakhe esendaweni enhle i-Craig-ay-Nose e-Wells, lapho ashonela khona ngoSepthemba 27, 1919 (wangcwatshwa emathuneni asePère Lachaise eParis).
