Brass
Ezinsimbini eziphefumulayo, umsindo ukhiqizwa ngenxa yokudlidliza kokugeleza komoya endaweni yensimbi yomculo. Kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zinsimbi zomculo ziphakathi kwezakudala kakhulu, kanye nezishaywayo. Indlela umculi akhipha ngayo umoya emlonyeni wakhe, kanye nokuma kwezindebe zakhe nemisipha yobuso, ebizwa ngokuthi i- embouchure, kuthinta ukuphakama nohlobo lomsindo wezinsimbi ezifuthwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsindo ulawulwa ubude bekholomu yomoya usebenzisa izimbobo emzimbeni, noma amapayipi engeziwe akhulisa le kholomu. Uma uhamba komoya omningi, umsindo uzokwehla. Hlukanisa umoya wokhuni nethusi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlukaniswa akukhulumi, kunalokho, hhayi mayelana nezinto ezenziwe ngazo insimbi, kodwa ngendlela esungulwe ngokomlando yokuyidlala. Ama-Woodwinds amathuluzi okuphimisa kwawo kulawulwa izimbobo emzimbeni. Umculi uvala izimbobo ngeminwe noma ama-valve ngendlela ethile, eshintshanisa ngenkathi edlala. Ama-Woodwinds nawo angaba yinsimbi imitshingo, namapayipi, ngisho a saxophone, engakaze yenziwe nhlobo ngokhuni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zihlanganisa imitshingo, ama-obo, ama-clarinets, ama-bassoon, kanye namashalu asendulo, amarekhodi, ama-duduk nama-zurna. Izinsimbi zethusi zihlanganisa lezo zinsimbi ukuphakama kwazo komsindo kulawulwa imibhobho eyengeziwe, kanye ne-embouchure yomculi. Izinsimbi zethusi zifaka izimpondo, amacilongo, amakhonethi, ama-trombones, nama-tubas. Esihlokweni esihlukile - konke mayelana nezinsimbi zomoya.
Avlos: kuyini, umlando insimbi yomculo, izinganekwane
AmaGreki asendulo anikeza umhlaba amanani amasiko aphezulu kakhulu. Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokufika kwenkathi yethu, kwaqanjwa izinkondlo ezimnandi, ama-odes, nezingoma zomculo. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, amaGreki ayenazo izinsimbi zomculo ezihlukahlukene. Omunye wabo ngu-Avlos. Iyini i-avlos Izinto zobuciko zomlando ezitholakala ngesikhathi sokumba ziye zasiza ososayensi banamuhla ukuba bathole umbono wokuthi i-aulos yasendulo yamaGreki, insimbi yomculo evunguzayo, yayibukeka kanjani. Yayinemitshingo emibili. Kunobufakazi bokuthi kungaba yishubhu eyodwa. Izitsha zobumba, izingcezu, izingcezwana zamavazi anezithombe zabaculi zatholakala ezindaweni ezaziyiGreece, e-Asia Minor naseRoma. Amashubhu abhojwa kusuka ezimbotsheni ezi-3 kuye kwezi-5. Okukhethekile…
Alto umtshingo: kuyini, ukwakheka, umsindo, isicelo
Umtshingo ungenye yezinsimbi zomculo ezindala kakhulu. Kuwo wonke umlando, izinhlobo zayo ezintsha ziye zavela futhi zaba ngcono. Uhlobo lwesimanje oludumile umtshingo ovundlile. I-transverse ihlanganisa ezinye izinhlobo eziningana, enye yazo ebizwa ngokuthi i-alto. Iyini umtshingo we-alto Umtshingo we-alto iyinsimbi yomculo evuthuzayo. Ingxenye yomndeni wesimanje womtshingo. Ithuluzi lenziwe ngokhuni. Umtshingo we-alto ubonakala ngepayipi elide nelibanzi. Ama-valve anomklamo okhethekile. Lapho edlala umtshingo we-alto, umculi uphefumula kakhulu kunomtshingo ovamile. U-Theobald Böhm, umqambi waseJalimane, waba umsunguli nomklami wethuluzi.…
Uphondo lwe-Alpine: kuyini, ukwakheka, umlando, ukusetshenziswa
Abantu abaningi bahlobanisa i-Swiss Alps nomoya ohlanzeke kakhulu, izindawo ezinhle, imihlambi yezimvu, abelusi nomsindo we-alpengorn. Le nsimbi yomculo iwuphawu lwezwe lonke. Emakhulwini eminyaka, umsindo wayo wawuzwakala lapho ingozi isengozini, kugujwa imishado noma izihlobo zibonakala zihambile ohambweni lwazo lokugcina. Namuhla, uphondo lwe-alpine luyisiko elibalulekile lomkhosi womalusi wasehlobo eLeukerbad. Luyini uphondo lwe-alpine AbaseSwitzerland ngothando babiza le nsimbi yomculo evunguzayo ngokuthi “uphondo”, kodwa indlela enciphayo maqondana nayo izwakala iyinqaba. Uphondo lungamamitha amahlanu ubude. Incane esisekelweni, inwebeka ibheke ekugcineni, insimbi ilala...
I-Viola: incazelo yensimbi yomoya, ukwakheka, umlando
Iphimbo lalesi sisetshenziswa somculo esivunguzayo lihlala licasha “kubazalwane” ababalulekile nababalulekile. Kodwa ezandleni zomdlali wecilongo langempela, imisindo ye-viola iphenduka iculo elimangalisayo, ngaphandle kwalokho akunakwenzeka ukucabanga izingoma ze-jazz noma amamashi emikhosi yezempi. Incazelo yethuluzi I-viola yesimanje imele izinsimbi zethusi. Ngaphambilini, yabhekana nezinguquko ezihlukahlukene zokuklama, kodwa namuhla ekuqanjweni kwama-orchestra umuntu angakwazi ukubona i-altohorn yethusi ye-embouchure ebanzi eneshubhu eligotshwe ngendlela ye-oval kanye nobubanzi obukhulayo bensimbi. Selokhu kwasungulwa, umumo weshubhu une...
Uphondo lwesiNgisi: kuyini, ukwakheka, umsindo, isicelo
Umsindo omnandi, okukhumbuza izingoma zomelusi, uyingxenye yensimbi ye-English horn woodwind, umsuka wayo osahlotshaniswa nezimfihlakalo eziningi. Ku-orchestra ye-symphony, iqhaza lakhe lincane. Kodwa kungenxa yomsindo walesi sisetshenziswa somculo lapho abaqambi bethola khona imibala egqamile, ukuphimisela kwezothando, nokuhlukahluka okuhle. Kuyini uphondo lwesiNgisi Lesi sisetshenziswa esivunguzayo siwuhlobo oluthuthukisiwe lwe-oboe. Uphondo lwesiNgisi lukhumbuza isihlobo salo esidumile esinomunwe ofana ngokuphelele. Umehluko omkhulu usayizi omkhulu nomsindo. Umzimba omude uvumela i-alto oboe ukuthi izwakale ngokuphansi kwesihlanu. Umsindo uthambile, uminyene nge-timbre egcwele.…
I-Basuri: incazelo, ukwakheka, umsindo, umlando, indlela yokudlala
Umculo we-Indian classical wazalwa ezikhathini zasendulo. I-Basuri iyinsimbi yomculo yomoya endala kunazo zonke eye yasinda ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo futhi yangena ngokuqinile emasikweni abantu. Umsindo wayo uhlotshaniswa nabelusikazi abachitha amahora amaningi bedlala ama-melodic trill esifubeni semvelo. Ibizwa nangokuthi umtshingo waphezulu we-Krishna. Incazelo yethuluzi i-Basuri noma i-bannsuli ihlanganisa imitshingo eminingi yokhuni enobude obuhlukene, ehlukene ngobubanzi bembobo engaphakathi. Zingaba ubude noma zishaye ikhwela, kodwa i-bansari enopelepele evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwekhonsathi. Kunezimbobo eziningana emzimbeni - ngokuvamile eziyisithupha noma eziyisikhombisa. Ngosizo lwabo,…
I-Baritone saxophone: incazelo, umlando, ukwakheka, umsindo
Ama-saxophones aziwa iminyaka engaphezu kwe-150. Ukufaneleka kwabo akuzange kunyamalale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi: namuhla zisadingeka emhlabeni. I-Jazz ne-blues ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-saxophone, efanekisela lo mculo, kodwa itholakala nakwezinye izinkomba. Lesi sihloko sizogxila ku-baritone saxophone, esetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zomculo, kodwa ethandwa kakhulu kuhlobo lwe-jazz. Incazelo yensimbi yomculo i-Baritone saxophone inomsindo ophansi kakhulu, usayizi omkhulu. Ingeyezinsimbi zomculo zomoya womhlanga futhi inesimiso esiphansi nge-octave kune-alto saxophone. Ububanzi bomsindo buyi-2,5…
I-Shofar: kuyini, ukwakheka, umlando lapho ushaya i-shofar
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umculo wamaJuda ubulokhu uhlotshaniswa eduze nezinkonzo zaphezulu. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu, ukushaywa kwecilongo kuzwakala emazweni akwaIsrayeli. Iyini ukubaluleka kwensimbi yomculo futhi yiziphi izinkolelo zasendulo ezihlotshaniswa nayo? Iyini i-shofar I-shofar iyinsimbi yomculo evunguzayo enezimpande zayo enkathini yangaphambi kobuJuda. Kubhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yezimpawu zesizwe sakwa-Israyeli kanye nezwe lapho umJuda abeke khona unyawo. Alikho nelilodwa iholide elibalulekile esikweni lamaJuda elidlula ngaphandle kwalo. Ithuluzi lethuluzi Uphondo lwesilwane esihlatshelwe i-artiodactyl luyasetshenziswa...
I-Euphonium: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umlando, isicelo
Emndenini we-saxhorn, i-euphonium ithatha indawo ekhethekile, iyathandwa futhi inelungelo lokuzwakala yedwa. Njenge-cello eqoqweni lomculo wezinsimbi, unikezwa izingxenye ze-tenor ezinsimbini zempi nezomoya. I-Jazzmen iphinde yathandana nensimbi yomoya yethusi, futhi isetshenziswa namaqembu omculo we-symphonic. Incazelo yethuluzi I-euphonium yesimanje iyinsimbi eyisiyingi esine-oval egobile. Ifakwe ama-piston valves amathathu. Amanye amamodeli anenye i-valve yekota, efakwe phansi kwesandla sobunxele noma ngaphansi komunwe omncane wesandla sokudla. Lokhu kungezwa kubonakale kuthuthukisa ukushintshwa kwamaphaseji, kwenza...
I-Sheng: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umlando, umsindo
Insimbi yomculo i-sheng ibhekwa ochwepheshe bomculo njengomzali we-harmonium ne-accordion. Akadumile futhi akadumile emhlabeni njengokuthi "izihlobo zakhe ezikhushuliwe", kodwa futhi ufanele ukunakwa, ikakhulukazi kubaculi abathanda ubuciko bomdabu. Incazelo yethuluzi lesitho somlomo wamaShayina - lokhu kuphinde kubizwe ngaleli thuluzi lomoya elivela eMbusweni Ophakathi, iyithuluzi elicishe lifane ne-blaster yasemkhathini enemigoqo eminingi evela kumafilimu ezinganekwane zesayensi. Eqinisweni, imvelaphi yasemhlabeni impela, ekuqaleni amaShayina enza imizimba yezinsimbi ngamakhango, namapayipi anobude obuhlukene enziwe ngoqalo, afana…
