I-Oboe: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umsindo, umlando, izinhlobo, ukusetshenziswa

Abantu abaningi abazi ngisho nokuba khona kwe-oboe - insimbi yomsindo omuhle kakhulu. Naphezu kokushiyeka kwayo kwezobuchwepheshe, idlula kakhulu ezinye izinsimbi zomoya ekuvezweni kwayo kwe-sonic. Mayelana ne-aesthetics nokujula kwe-tonality, uthatha isikhundla esiholayo.

Yini i-oboe

Igama elithi "oboe" lihunyushwa lisuka esiFulentshi ngokuthi "isihlahla esiphezulu". Kuyinsimbi yomculo enokhuni ene-melodic engenakuqhathaniswa, efudumele, ne-timbre yamakhala kancane.

Idivayisi

Ithuluzi liqukethe ithubhu elingenalutho elingama-65 cm ngobukhulu, linezingxenye ezintathu: idolo eliphansi nelingaphezulu, insimbi. Ngenxa yalo mklamo owenziwe ngaphambili, azikho izinkinga ngokuthutha ithuluzi. Izimbobo eziseceleni zikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe iphimbo, futhi uhlelo lwe-valve lunikeza ithuba lokuthuthukisa lokhu. Yomibili lemihlanga, efana nezingcwecwe ezimbili ezacile eziboshelwe ezenziwe ngomhlanga, yenza i-timbre ibe isici esithile. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo okungenakuqhathaniswa, ithethelela ubunkimbinkimbi bokukhiqizwa kwayo.

Imishini ye-oboe iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu phakathi kozakwabo, njengoba idinga ukwakhiwa kwama-valve e-cupronickel angu-22-23. Imvamisa zenziwe nge-ebony yase-Afrika, kancane kancane - onsomi.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Ithuluzi laqala ukushiwo ngo-3000 BC, kodwa "umfowabo" wokuqala ubhekwa njengepayipi lesiliva elitholakala ethuneni lenkosi yaseSumeri eminyakeni engaba ngu-4600 edlule. Kamuva, okhokho bethu basebenzisa izinsimbi zomhlanga ezilula (i-bagpipes, i-zurna) - zatholakala eMesopotamiya, eGrisi lasendulo, eGibhithe naseRoma. Ayesevele enamashubhu amabili okusebenza okuqondile komculo nokuhambisana. Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, i-oboe yathola ifomu eliphelele futhi yaqala ukusetshenziswa emabholeni, kuma-orchestra ngabaculi bakaLouis XIV, inkosi yaseFrance.

izinhlobonhlobo

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalesi sisetshenziswa somoya.

isiZulu uphondo

Leli gama laqala ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX ngenxa yokuhlanekezelwa ngephutha kwe-angle yegama lesiFulentshi (i-engeli). I-cor anglais inkulu kune-oboe. Iqukethe: insimbi, ithubhu lensimbi eligobile. I-fingering ifana ngokuphelele, kodwa imishini yezobuchwepheshe imbi kakhulu kunabalingani bayo, ngakho-ke ukungezwani okuthile komsindo kuyabonakala ngomsindo opholile.

Oboe d'amore

Ngokusho kokwakhiwa, kufana nophondo lwesiNgisi, kodwa lungaphansi kwalo ngosayizi namakhono. I-D'amore izwakala imnene kakhulu, ayinayo i-timbre ephinyisiwe, i-nasality, yingakho ivame ukusetshenziswa abaqambi emisebenzini yezingoma. Yaqala ukuvela eJalimane maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

I-Heckelphon

Leli thuluzi lavela eJalimane ekuqaleni kwawo-1900. Ngobuchwepheshe, ifana ne-oboe, nakuba kukhona umehluko: ububanzi obukhulu besikali, insimbi; umoba ufakwa epayipini eliqondile; kuzwakala umsindo ophansi wamanothi ayisishiyagalombili. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-analogue, i-haeckelphone inomsindo omningi, ozwakalayo, kodwa ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa ama-orchestra. Nokho kwenzeka ukuba iqhaza kuma-opera afana no-Salome no-Elektra.

umndeni we-baroque

Lesi sikhathi silethe izinguquko ezinkulu ensimbini. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwaqala ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX eFrance, lapho ithuluzi lahlukaniswa laba izingxenye ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlanga wathuthukiswa (umsindo waba ohlanzekile), ama-valve amasha avela, indawo yemigodi yabalwa kabusha. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zenziwe abaculi basenkantolo u-Otteter no-Philidor, no-Jean Bagiste baqhubeka nomsebenzi wabo, benza imashi ye-orchestra enkantolo, eyathatha indawo yamaviyoli namarekhodi.

I-oboe yaduma kwezempi, yaphinde yazuza udumo phakathi komphakathi ohloniphekile waseYurophu emabholeni, kuma-opera, nakuma-ensembles. Abaqambi abaningi abahamba phambili, abanjengoBach, baqale ukufaka izinhlobo ezithile zalesi sisetshenziswa somculo emikhiqizweni yabo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kwaqala isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwayo, noma “inkathi yegolide ye-oboe”. Okudumile ngo-1600 kwaku:

• i-baroque oboe;
• i-oboe yakudala;
• i-baroque oboe d'amour;
• i-musette;
• i-dakaccha;
• ama-bass amabili oboe.

I-Viennese oboe

Le modeli yavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Yadalwa nguHermann Zuleger, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ayizange ishintshe kakhulu. Manje i-oboe yaseViennese isisetshenziswa ngokwesiko eVienna Orchestra. Izinkampani ezimbili kuphela ezisebenzayo ekukhiqizeni kwayo: i-Guntram Wolf ne-Yamaha.

umndeni wesimanje

Ikhulu lesi-XNUMX laba nenguquko ezinsimbini zomoya, ngoba ama-valve amandandatho ayevele enziwe okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuvala izimbobo ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye futhi azivumelanise nobude beminwe obuhlukene. Lokhu okusha kwaqala ukusetshenziswa nguTheobald Böhm kumtshingo. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, u-Guillaume Tribert wajwayela indlela entsha ye-oboe, wathuthukisa ukunyakaza nokuklama. Ukuqamba okusha kwandise ububanzi bomsindo futhi kwasusa ithoni yensimbi.

Manje kaningi umsindo we-oboe uzwakala ehholo lekamelo. Ivame ukusetshenziswa yedwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi orchestral. Okudume kakhulu, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezibalwe ngenhla, yilezi: i-musette, i-oboe yakudala enensimbi eyi-conical.

Izinsimbi Ezihlobene

Izinsimbi ezihlobene ze-oboe izinsimbi ezimise okwepayipi lomoya. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokufana komshini wabo nomsindo. Lokhu kufaka kokubili amasampula ezemfundo kanye nawesintu. Umtshingo kanye ne-clarinet yizona ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaculi.

Ukusebenzisa

Ukuze udlale okuthile ensimbini, udinga ukwenza imisebenzi eminingana:

1. Cwilisa umoba emanzini ukuze ukhiphe amathe, ungaweqisi.
2. Yomisa kusuka ezinsalela zamanzi, kuyokwanela ukushaya izikhathi ezimbalwa. Faka umhlanga engxenyeni eyinhloko yensimbi.
3. Beka ichopho lensimbi phakathi nendawo yodebe olungezansi, ukhumbule ukuma endaweni efanele, ezinzile.
4. Beka ulimi lwakho embotsheni yethiphu, bese uphephetha. Uma uzwa umsindo ophakeme, khona-ke konke kwenziwa ngendlela efanele.
5. Beka umoba engxenyeni engenhla lapho kukhona isandla sokunxele. Sebenzisa iminwe yakho yenkomba nemaphakathi ukuze uncinde amavalvu okuqala kuyilapho owokuqala kufanele usonge ishubhu ngemuva.
6. Ngemuva kokudlala, kufanele uhlukanise, uhlanze sonke isakhiwo, bese usifaka ekesini.

I-oboe yesimanje ayikafinyeleli esicongweni senkazimulo yayo ngenxa yobunzima bokuyisebenzisa. Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kwaleli thuluzi lomculo kuyaqhubeka. Kunethemba lokuthi maduze usezokwazi ukudlula bonke abafowabo ngomsindo wakhe.