Isiyingi se-Quarto-fifth of keys

Umbuthano we-quarto-fifth wokhiye noma umbuthano nje wesihlanu uwuhlelo lokubamba ngekhanda olulula futhi olusheshayo lwabo bonke okhiye nezimpawu ezibalulekile kubo.

Phezulu kwendingilizi yesihlanu kukhona ukhiye we-C enkulu; ngokwewashi - okhiye abacijile, amathonikhi awo atholakala endaweni yesihlanu ephelele ukusuka ku-tonic ye-C yasekuqaleni enkulu; i-counterclockwise - umbuthano wezikhiye eziyisicaba, nazo ezitholakala engxenyeni yesihlanu ehlanzekile, kodwa phansi kuphela.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho uzungeza isiyingi sesihlanu ngokuhambisana newashi ngokhiye omusha ngamunye, inani lama-Sharps liyakhula kancane kancane (kusuka kweyodwa kuya kweyisikhombisa), kuyilapho ihamba ngokuphambene newashi, ngokulandelana, ukusuka kokhiye owodwa kuya kwesinye, inani lamafulethi liyakhula (futhi kusukela kokukodwa kuya kweyisikhombisa).

Bangaki okhiye abakhona emculweni?

Emculweni, ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa okhiye abangu-30, ingxenye eyodwa yazo inkulu kanti enye incane. Izihluthulelo ezinkulu nezincane zakha amapheya ngokuvumelana nesimiso sokuvumelana kuzo izimpawu ezibalulekile zokushintsha - ama-sharps namaflethi. Okhiye abanezimpawu ezifanayo babizwa ngokuthi ukuhambisana. Sekukonke, ngakho-ke, kunamapheya ayi-15 okhiye abahambisanayo.

Kokhiye abangu-30, ababili abanazo izimpawu - lezi ngo-C ezinkulu kanye no-A ezincane. Okhiye abayi-14 banobukhali (kusuka kweyodwa kuye kweyisikhombisa ngokulandelana kwama-sharps FA DO SOL RELA MI SI), kulaba okhiye abayi-14, abayisikhombisa bazoba abakhulu, futhi abayisikhombisa, ngokulandelana, babe bancane. Abanye okhiye abangu-14 banamaflethi (ngokufanayo, kusukela kweyodwa kuya kweyisikhombisa, kodwa ngokulandelana kwamafulethi C MI LA RE SOL DO FA), okukhona kuwo amakhulu ayisikhombisa nayisikhombisa amancane.

Ithebula labo bonke okhiye abasetshenziswa abaculi ekusebenzeni, kanye nezimpawu zabo, lingalandwa LAPHA, liphrintwe futhi lisetshenziswe njengeshidi lokukopela.

Incazelo: Wakhiwa kanjani indilinga yengxenye yesihlanu?

Okwesihlanu kulolu hlelo yisikhawu esibaluleke kakhulu. Kungani ingxenye yesihlanu emsulwa? Ngoba okwesihlanu kungokomzimba (acoustically) indlela engokwemvelo kakhulu yokuhamba ukusuka komunye umsindo ukuya komunye, futhi lesi sikhawu esilula sazalwa ngokwemvelo ngokwayo.

Ngakho, okhiye abacijile bahlelwa ngokwesihlanu okumsulwa phezulu. Eyokuqala yesihlanu yakhiwe kusukela kunothi "kuya", okungukuthi, kusukela ku-tonic ye-C enkulu, ukhiye ohlanzekile ongenazimpawu. Eyesihlanu kwethi “do” ithi “do-sol”. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inothi elithi "G" liba ithonikhi yokhiye olandelayo kumbuthano wesihlanu, lizoba ukhiye we-G enkulu futhi lizoba nophawu olulodwa - u-F-sharp.

Sakha ingxenye yesihlanu elandelayo kakade kusukela kumsindo othi "sol" - "sol-re", umsindo ophumela "re" yi-tonic ye-tonality elandelayo yendilinga yesihlanu - i-tonic yesikali esikhulu se-D, lapho kukhona okubili. izimpawu - amaciji amabili (fa kanye no-do). Ngesihlanu ngasinye esakhiwe, sizothola okhiye abasha ababukhali, futhi inani lama-sharps lizokhula ngokuqhubekayo kuze kube yilapho lifinyelela eziyisikhombisa (kuze kube yilapho zonke izinyathelo ziphakanyiswa).

Ngakho-ke, uma sakha ingxenye yesihlanu, kusukela "kuya", sithola uchungechunge olulandelayo lokhiye: G enkulu (1 ebukhali), D enkulu (2 ebukhali), A enkulu (3 ebukhali), E enkulu (4 ebukhali), B enkulu (5 ebukhali), F enkulu (6 ebukhali), C ebukhali enkulu (7 ebukhali) . Inqwaba yama-tonic aqoshiwe abonakale ebanzi kangangokuthi umuntu kufanele aqale ukuyiqopha ku-bass clef futhi ayiqedele ku-treble clef.

Uhlelo okufakwa ngalo okubukhali luthi: FA, DO, SOL, RE, LA, MI, SI. Ama-Sharps nawo ahlukaniswe komunye nomunye ngesikhawu sesihlanu esiphelele. Lokhu kuhlobene nalokhu. Ibukhali ngalinye elisha livela ngezinga lesikhombisa lesikali, sikhulume ngalokhu esihlokweni esithi "Indlela yokukhumbula izimpawu ezikhiye". Ngokuhambisanayo, uma amathonikhi wokhiye abasha ehlala ehamba ngengxenye yesihlanu ephelele, khona-ke izinyathelo zabo zesikhombisa nazo zisuke zisuka komunye nomunye ngengxenye yesihlanu ephelele.

Okhiye abakhulu abayisicaba bahlelwa ngokwesihlanu okumsulwa phansi ivela ku iya ku". Ngokufanayo, ngokhiye omusha ngamunye kukhona ukwanda kwenani lamafulethi esikalini. Uhlu lwamakhiya ayisicaba lumi kanje: I-F enkulu (ifulethi elilodwa), i-B enkulu enkulu (amafulethi angu-2), E enkulu (amafulethi angu-3), I-flat major (amafulethi ama-4), D enkulu enkulu (amafulethi angu-5), i-G flat major (amafulethi angu-6) kanye ne-C-flat ezinkulu (amafulethi angu-7).

Ukuhleleka kokubukeka kwamafulethi: SI, MI, LA, RE, SALT, DO, FA. Amaflethi, njengama-sharp, engezwa ngokwesihlanu, phansi kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhleleka kwamafulethi kuyafana nokuhleleka kokhiye begatsha eliyisicaba lendingilizi yesine, kusukela ku-B-flat enkulu.

Nokho, manje, ekugcineni, sizokwethula yonke indilinga yezikhiye, lapho, ngenxa yokuphelela, sizophinde sengeze abancane abahambisanayo kuwo wonke ama-majors.

Ngendlela, umbuthano wengxenye yesihlanu awukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi umbuthano, kunalokho kuwuhlobo lokuvunguza, kusukela esigabeni esithile. amanye amathoni ayaphambana ngenxa yokuhlangana kwephimbo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbuthano wesihlanu awuvaliwe, ungaqhutshwa ngezihluthulelo ezintsha, eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezinezingozi eziphindwe kabili - ama-sharps amabili namafulethi amabili (izihluthulelo ezinjalo azivamile ukusetshenziswa emculweni). Sizokhuluma ngokumatanisa amathoni ngokwehlukana, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Livelaphi igama elithi "quarto-quint circle"?

Kuze kube manje, sicabangele ukunyakaza embuthanweni kuphela kwesihlanu futhi asikaze sikhulume ngokwesine. Pho kungani belapha? Kungani igama eliphelele lohlelo lizwakala ncamashi “njengendingilizi ye-quarto-quint”?

Iqiniso liwukuthi okwesine ukuhlehla kwesikhawu sesihlanu. Futhi ububanzi obufanayo be-tonalities bombuthano bungatholakala uma ungahambisi kwesihlanu, kodwa kwesine.

Isibonelo, okhiye abacijile bangahle bahlelwe hhayi ngama-fifnuns aphelele, kodwa ngokwesine okumsulwa phansi. Uthola umugqa ofanayo:

Okhiye abayisicaba abakwazi ukuhlelwa ngengxenye yesihlanu emsulwa phansi, kodwa ngokwesine okumsulwa phezulu. Futhi umphumela uzoba okufanayo:

Okhiye abalinganayo be-Enharmonic

I-Enharmonism emculweni iwukuhlangana kwezakhi emsindweni, kodwa umehluko wazo egameni, isipelingi noma ukuqokwa. Ukulingana kwe-Enharmonic kungaba amanothi alula: isibonelo, i-C-sharp ne-D-flat. I-anharmonicity nayo iyisici sezikhawu noma ama-chords. Kulokhu, sizobe sibhekene okhiye abalinganayo be-enharmonic, ngokulandelana, izikali zesikali zalezi zikhiye zizoqondana nomsindo.

Njengoba sesike saphawula, enjalo ithonithi eqondana emsindweni ibonakala ezimpambanweni zamagatsha acijile nesicaba esiyingi sesihlanu. Lezi izihluthulelo ezinenani elikhulu lezinhlamvu - ezinezinhlamvu ezinhlanu, eziyisithupha noma eziyisikhombisa noma amafulethi.

Okhiye abalandelayo balingana ne-enharmonic:

• B enkulu (5 sharps) kanye C flat major (7 amafulethi)
• Ukuhambisana negama elithi G-sharp minor (5 sharps) kanye A-flat minor (7 flats);
• I-F-sharp enkulu (ama-sharp angu-6) kanye ne-G-flat enkulu (amafulethi angu-6);
• Ngokuhambisana nazo, i-D-sharp minor ne-E-flat minor enenombolo efanayo yezimpawu;
• I-C-sharp enkulu (ama-sharp angu-7) kanye ne-D-flat enkulu (amafulethi ama-5);
• Ukuhambisana nalezi zakhiwo kukhona A-sharp minor (futhi 7 sharps) kanye B-flat minor (5 amafulethi).

Indlela yokusebenzisa indilinga yesihlanu yokhiye?

Okokuqala, i umbuthano wesihlanu ungasetshenziswa njengeshidi lokukopela elilula lokufunda zonke izihluthulelo nezimpawu zabo.

Okwesibili, ngendingilizi yesihlanu, umuntu anganquma kalula umehluko wezimpawu phakathi kwezikhiye ezimbili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele ubale imikhakha kusukela kukhiye wangempela kuya kulowo esiqhathanisa nawo.

Isibonelo, phakathi kuka-G omkhulu no-E omkhulu, umehluko uyimikhakha emithathu, ngakho-ke, izindawo ezintathu zamadesimali. Phakathi kwe-C major kanye ne-A-flat major kukhona umehluko wamafulethi angu-4.

Umehluko ezimpawini uboniswa ngokucacile kakhulu yindilinga yesihlanu, ihlukaniswe imikhakha. Ukuze isithombe sombuthano sihlangane, okhiye abakuso bangabhalwa kusetshenziswa igama lezinhlamvu:

Ekugcineni, i okwesithathu, kumbuthano wengxenye yesihlanu, ungakwazi ukusungula ngokushesha "izihlobo eziseduze" zokhiye owodwa noma omunye, okungukuthi nquma ama-tonalities wezinga lokuqala lokuzalana. They zisemkhakheni ofanayo nokhiye wasekuqaleni (ezihambisanayo) futhi zincikene ohlangothini ngalunye.

Isibonelo, ku-G omkhulu, u-E omncane (emkhakheni ofanayo), kanye no-C omkhulu no-A omncane (umkhakha womakhelwane kwesokunxele), u-D omkhulu no-B omncane (umkhakha ongumakhelwane kwesokudla) bazobhekwa njengokhiye abanjalo abahlobene. .

Sizobuyela ocwaningweni oluningiliziwe lokhiye abahlobene esikhathini esizayo, bese sizofunda zonke izindlela nezimfihlo zosesho lwabo.

Okuncane ngomlando wesiyingi sesihlanu

Akekho owazi kahle ukuthi isiyingi sengxenye yesihlanu sasungulwa nini futhi ngobani. Kodwa izincazelo zakuqala zesistimu efanayo ziqukethwe embhalweni wesandla we-1679 ekude - emsebenzini othi "I-Grammar Yomculo" ka-Nikolai Diletsky. Incwadi yakhe yayihloselwe ukufundisa abaculi besonto. Ubiza umbuthano wezikali ezinkulu "isondo lomculo ojabulayo", kanye nombuthano wezikali ezincane - isondo "lomculo odabukisayo". I-Musikia - leli gama lihunyushwa ngokuthi "umculo" kusuka ku-Slavic.

Manje, vele, lo msebenzi unentshisekelo ikakhulukazi njengesikhumbuzo somlando namasiko, incwadi yetiyori ngokwayo ayisahlangabezani nezidingo zesimanje. Nokho, kungashiwo ukuthi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umbuthano wesihlanu uye wagxila ekufundiseni futhi wangena cishe kuzo zonke izincwadi zaseRussia ezaziwa kakhulu zethiyori yomculo.

Bangane abathandekayo! Uma imibuzo ngesihloko sendilinga yesihlanu ingakaqedi, qiniseka ukuthi uyibhala kumazwana alesi sihloko. Ekuhlukaneni, sikumema ukuthi ulalele umculo omnandi. Makube namuhla I-romance edumile kaMikhail Ivanovich Glinka "I-Lark" (amavesi embongi u-Nikolai Kukolnik). Umculi - uVictoria Ivanova.