ABAFUNDI ABASE-MOZART ABANCANE KANYE NESIKOLE SOMCULO: UBUNGANE EMAKHULWINI

      UWolfgang Mozart akasinikanga kuphela umculo wakhe omnandi, kodwa futhi wasivulela (njengoba uColumbus evula indlela  America) indlela eya endaweni ephakemeyo yomculo osezingeni eliphezulu kusukela ebuntwaneni obuncane ngokungajwayelekile. Izwe alikamazi omunye umculi onjalo womculo, owabonisa ithalenta lakhe esemncane kangaka. "I-Triumphant Prodigy." Isimo sethalenta elikhanyayo lezingane.

     UWolfgang osemusha usithumelela uphawu lwekhulu lokuqala leminyaka: “Ningesabi, bangane bami abancane, isibindi. Iminyaka yobusha ayisona isithiyo… Ngikwazi lokho ngokuqinisekile. Thina bantu abasha siyakwazi ukwenza izinto eziningi abantu abadala abangazazi ngisho ngazo.” U-Mozart wabelana ngokukhululekile ngemfihlo yempumelelo yakhe emangalisayo: uthole izikhiye ezintathu zegolide ezingavula indlela eya ethempelini Lomculo. Lezi zihluthulelo (1) ukuphikelela kobuqhawe ekufinyeleleni umgomo, (2) ikhono kanye (3) nokuba nomshayeli omuhle eduze ozokusiza ukuthi ungene emhlabeni womculo. KuMozart, uyise wayengumshayeli wendiza,*  umculi osezingeni eliphezulu nothisha onesiphiwo. Umfana wathi ngaye ngenhlonipho: “Kulandela uNkulunkulu, ubaba kuphela.” UWolfgang wayeyindodana elalelayo. Uthisha wakho womculo nabazali bakho bazokukhombisa indlela eya empumelelweni. Landela imiyalelo yabo futhi mhlawumbe uzokwazi ukunqoba amandla adonsela phansi...

       U-Mozart osemusha wayengakwazi ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi eminyakeni engu-250 thina, abafana namantombazane banamuhla, sasiyokwenza ujabulele umhlaba omuhle wokupopayi, qhumisa umcabango wakho kuwo Amasinema e-7D, zicwilise emhlabeni wemidlalo yekhompyutha…  Ngakho-ke, ingabe umhlaba womculo, omangalisayo ku-Mozart, ufiphele unomphela uma kuqhathaniswa nezimangaliso zethu futhi walahlekelwa ukukhanga kwawo?   Lutho neze!

     Kuyavela, futhi abantu abaningi abakuqapheli lokhu, ukuthi isayensi yesimanje nobuchwepheshe, okukwazi ukwethula izinto eziyingqayizivele emkhathini, zingene e-nanoworld, zivuselele izilwane ezazishabalala ngokuphelele ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, azikwazi ukuhlanganisa.  imisebenzi yomculo efana nethalente labo  i-world classic. Ikhompiyutha enamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, mayelana nekhwalithi yomculo "owenziwe" ngokwenziwa, ayikwazi ngisho nokufinyelela emisebenzini yobuciko eyenziwe ngobuhlakani bamakhulu eminyaka adlule. Lokhu akusebenzi kuphela ku-The Magic Flute kanye Nomshado we-Figaro, eyabhalwa uMozart lapho esekhulile, kodwa futhi nakwi-opera yakhe ethi Mithridates, iNkosi yasePontus, eyaqanjwa nguWolfgang eneminyaka engu-14 ...

     * ULeopold Mozart, umculi wasenkantolo. Wayedlala i-violin ne-ogani. Wayengumqambi wezingoma futhi ehola ikhwaya yesonto. Ubhale incwadi ethi, "I-Essay on the Fundamentals of Violin Playing." Okhokho bakhe babengabakhi abanekhono. Wenza imisebenzi eminingi yokufundisa.

Sebezwile la mazwi, abafana namantombazane abaningi bazofuna, okungenani ngenxa yelukuluku, ukubheka ngokujulile eMhlabeni Womculo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuqonda ukuthi kungani uMozart wachitha cishe impilo yakhe yonke kwelinye izinga. Futhi noma ngabe bekuyi-4D, 5D noma i-125  Ubukhulu - Dimention?

Basho njalo  Amehlo kaWolfgang avutha umlilo abonakala ema  ubone konke okwenzekayo. Ukubuka kwakhe kwaba ukuzulazula, ingqondo engekho. Kubonakala sengathi umcabango walo mculi wamthatha  endaweni ekude kakhulu nomhlaba wangempela...  Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho uMfundisi eshintsha esuka emfanekisweni womqambi eya endimeni yomculi onekhono, amehlo akhe abukhali ngendlela engavamile, nokunyakaza kwezandla nomzimba kwaqoqwa futhi kwacaca ngokwedlulele. Ingabe wayebuya endaweni ethile? Pho, livelaphi? Awukwazi ukuzibamba kodwa ukhumbule uHarry Potter…

        Kumuntu ofuna ukungena ezweni eliyimfihlo laseMozart, lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyindaba elula. Akukho lula! Ngena kukhompyutha ulalele umculo wakhe!  Kuvele ukuthi yonke into ayilula kangako. Ukulalela umculo akunzima kakhulu. Kunzima kakhulu ukungena eMhlabeni Womculo (ngisho njengomlaleli), ukuqonda ukujula okugcwele kwemicabango yombhali. Futhi abaningi bayazibuza. Kungani abanye abantu “befunda” imiyalezo ebethelwe emculweni, kuyilapho abanye bengafundi? Ngakho yini okufanele siyenze? Phela, akukho mali, noma izikhali, noma ubuqili ngeke kusize ukuvula umnyango oyigugu ...

      U-Mozart osemusha wayenenhlanhla emangalisayo ngezikhiye zegolide. Ukuphikelela kwakhe kobuqhawe ekufundiseni umculo kwakhiwe ngesisekelo sentshisekelo eqotho, ejulile emculweni, eyayimzungezile kusukela ezalwa. Ukulalela eneminyaka emithathu ukuthi uyise waqala kanjani ukufundisa udadewabo omdala ukudlala i-clavier (ngaleso sikhathi, njengabanye bethu, iminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala), umfana wazama ukuqonda izimfihlo zemisindo. Ngazama ukuqonda ukuthi kungani udadewethu ekhiqiza i-euphony, kuyilapho yena ekhipha imisindo engahlobene kuphela. UWolfgang akazange anqatshelwe ukuhlala amahora amaningi ensimbini, afune futhi ahlanganise ama-harmonies, futhi aphumputhe ukuze athole ingoma. Ngaphandle kokuqaphela, waqonda isayensi yokuvumelana kwemisindo. Wathuthukisa futhi wazama. Ngafunda ukukhumbula izingoma udadewethu ayezifunda. Ngakho-ke, umfana wafunda ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokuphoqwa ukuba enze lokho akuthandayo. Bathi ebuntwaneni bakhe, uWolfgang, uma engamiswa, wayengadlala i-clavier ubusuku bonke.          

      Ubaba waqaphela isithakazelo sendodana yakhe emculweni ekuqaleni. Kusukela eneminyaka emine, wahlala uWolfgang eduze kwakhe ku-harpsichord futhi ngendlela yokudlala wamfundisa ukukhiqiza imisindo eyakha izingoma zeminuets nemidlalo. Uyise wasiza ekuqiniseni ubungane bukaMozart osemusha ne-World of Music. U-Leopold akazange aphazamise indodana yakhe ehlezi isikhathi eside ku-harpsichord futhi ezama ukwakha ama-harmonies nezingoma. Njengoba eyindoda eqinile, ubaba nokho akazange aphule ukuxhumana okubuthakathaka kwendodana yakhe nomculo. Kunalokho, wakhuthaza isithakazelo sakhe ngazo zonke izindlela  kumculo.                             

     UWolfgang Mozart wayenekhono kakhulu**. Sonke silizwile leli gama – “thalenta”. Ngokwejwayelekile siyayiqonda incazelo yalo. Futhi sivame ukuzibuza ukuthi mina ngokwami ​​nginethalente noma cha. Futhi uma unekhono, lingakanani… Futhi nginethalente lani ngempela?   Ososayensi okwamanje abakwazi ukuphendula ngokuqiniseka yonke imibuzo emayelana nendlela yemvelaphi yalesi simo kanye nokwenzeka kokudluliselwa kwaso ngefa. Mhlawumbe abanye benu basha kuyodingeka nixazulule le mpicabadala...

**Igama livela esilinganisweni sasendulo sesisindo "italenta". EBhayibhelini kunomfanekiso wezinceku ezintathu ezanikezwa uhlamvu olulodwa lwalolo hlobo. Omunye wambela ithalenta emhlabathini, omunye wawenana. Neyesithathu yanda. Okwamanje, kuyavunywa ukuthi “Ithalente lingamakhono avelele ambulwa ngokutholwa kokuhlangenwe nakho, ukwakha ikhono.” Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ithalenta linikezwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Abanye ososayensi baye bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi cishe wonke umuntu uzalwa enokuthambekela kwethalenta elithile, kodwa ukuthi uyalithuthukisa noma cha kuncike ezimweni eziningi nezici, okubaluleke kakhulu kithi uthisha womculo. Ngendlela, uyise kaMozart, uLeopold, wayengakholelwa ngokungafanele ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithalenta likaWolfgang lalilikhulu kangakanani, imiphumela engathí sina ayinakufinyelelwa ngaphandle kokusebenza kanzima.  akunakwenzeka. Isimo sakhe sengqondo esingathí sina ngemfundo yendodana yakhe sifakazelwa, isibonelo, ngengcaphuno yencwadi yakhe: “…Yonke imizuzu elahlekile ilahleka unomphela…”!!!

     Sesifunde okuningi ngoMozart osemusha. Manje ake sizame ukuqonda ukuthi wayengumuntu onjani, onjani kwakukhona uhlamvu. UWolfgang osemncane wayengumfana onomusa, othandekayo, oweneme futhi ojabule. Wayenenhliziyo ezwela kakhulu, esengozini. Ngezinye izikhathi wayemethemba kakhulu futhi enobuntu. Wayebonakala ngobuqotho obumangalisayo. Kunezimo ezaziwayo lapho uMozart omncane, ngemva komunye umdlalo wokunqoba, ephendula udumo olwalubhekiswe kuye abantu abaneziqu, esondela kubo, wababuka emehlweni futhi wababuza: “Ingabe uyangithanda ngempela.  Ingabe umthanda kakhulu, kakhulu?  »

        Wayengumfana oshiseka kakhulu. Ukushisekela kuze kube seqophelweni lokukhohlwa. Lokhu kwabonakala ikakhulukazi esimweni sakhe sengqondo ngezifundo zomculo. Ehlezi e-clavier, wakhohlwa yikho konke okusemhlabeni, ngisho nokudla nesikhathi.  Ngamandla akhe  idonse insimbi yomculo.

     Ungase ube nesithakazelo sokwazi ukuthi kule minyaka uWolfgang wayekhululekile ekuziqhenyeni ngokweqile, ukuzibona ebalulekile kanye nemizwa yokungabongi. Wayenesimo sengqondo esilula. Kodwa lokho ayengavumelani nakho (lesi sici sazibonakalisa ngawo wonke amandla aso eminyakeni evuthiwe) kwaba  Lokhu kusho isimo sengqondo sokungahloniphi ngomculo ohlangothini lwabanye.

       UMozart osemusha wayazi indlela yokuba umngane omuhle nozinikele. Wenza abangane ngokuzidela, ngobuqotho kakhulu. Enye into ukuthi wayengenaso isikhathi nethuba lokuxhumana nontanga yakhe…

      Lapho eneminyaka emine nemihlanu, uMozart, ngenxa yokuzikhandla nokuzimisela kwakhe ngokusekelwa okukhulu kukayise.  ukwazile ukuba ngumdlali we-virtuoso wemisebenzi eminingi yomculo. Lokhu kwaqhutshwa indlebe emangalisayo yomfana yomculo nenkumbulo. Ngokushesha wabonisa ikhono lokuthuthuka.

     Lapho eneminyaka emihlanu, uWolfgang waqala ukuqamba umculo, futhi uyise wasiza ukuwudlulisela ebhukwini lomculo. Lapho eneminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala, kwashicilelwa okokuqala ama-opus amabili kaMozart, ayenikezelwe endodakazini yenkosi yase-Austrian uVictoria no-Countess Tesse. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nanye, uWolfgang wabhala i-Symphony No. 6 ku-F enkulu (amaphuzu okuqala agcinwe emtatsheni wezincwadi we-Jagiellonian University e-Krakow). UWolfgang nodadewabo uMaria, kanye neqembu lomculo wezinsimbi, benza lo msebenzi ngokokuqala ngqá eBrno. Ekukhunjweni kwalelo khonsathi, namuhla umncintiswano wabashayi bopiyano abasebasha abaneminyaka yabo engeqile eminyakeni eyishumi nanye uba minyaka yonke kuleli dolobha laseCzech. Kwakungale minyaka lapho uWolfgang, ecelwa uMbusi wase-Austria uJoseph, aqambe khona i-opera ethi “Umalusikazi Ocatshangelwayo.”

      Lapho uWolfgang, eneminyaka eyisithupha, ethola impumelelo enkulu ekudlaleni i-harpsichord, uyise wanquma ukubonisa ithalenta elingavamile lendodana yakhe kwamanye amadolobha nasemazweni aseYurophu. Leli kwakuyisiko ngalezo zinsuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uLeopold waqala ukucabanga ngokutholela indodana yakhe indawo enhle njengomculi. Ngacabanga ngekusasa.

     Uhambo lokuqala lukaWolfgang (namuhla luzobizwa ngokuthi uhambo) lwenziwa edolobheni laseJalimane iMunich futhi lwathatha amasonto amathathu. Kwaphumelela impela. Lokhu kwamkhuthaza ubaba futhi ngokushesha uhambo lwaqala kabusha. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umfana wafunda ukudlala isitho, i-violin, futhi kamuva i-viola. Uhambo lwesibili lwathatha iminyaka emithathu yonke. Nginobaba, umama kanye nodadewethu uMaria, ngavakashela futhi ngenza amakhonsathi ombuso wasebukhosini emadolobheni amaningi eJalimane, eFrance, eNgilandi naseHolland. Ngemva kwekhefu elincane, kwaba nohambo oluya e-Italy yomculo, lapho uWolfgang ehlala khona isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Ngokuvamile, le mpilo yokuvakasha yayithatha cishe iminyaka eyishumi. Ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona ukunqoba nosizi, injabulo enkulu kanye nomsebenzi oyisicefe (amakhonsathi ayevame ukuthatha amahora amahlanu). Umhlaba wafunda ngomculi nomqambi we-virtuoso onethalente. Kodwa kwakukhona okunye: ukushona kukamama, ukugula okubi kakhulu. UWolfgang wagula  i-scarlet fever, i-typhoid fever (waba phakathi kokufa nokuphila izinyanga ezimbili), ingxibongo (walahlekelwa ukubona izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye).  Impilo ye-“Nomadic” ebusheni, izinguquko ezivamile zendawo yokuhlala lapho umuntu esekhulile,  futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ithalenta lakhe elingelona iqiniso lanikeza u-Albert Einstein isisekelo sokubiza uMozart ngokuthi “isivakashi ezweni lethu, ngomqondo ophakeme, ongokomoya, nangomqondo ojwayelekile, wansuku zonke…”   

         Ngasohlangothini lokungena ebudaleni, lapho eneminyaka engu-17, uMozart wayengaziqhenya ngokuthi wayesebhale ama-opera amane, imisebenzi eminingana engokomoya, ama-symphonies ayishumi nantathu, ama-sonata angu-24 nokunye okuningi. Isici esivelele sendalo yakhe saqala ukucwebezela - ubuqotho, inhlanganisela yamafomu aqinile, acacile anomzwelo ojulile. Kwavela ukuhlanganiswa okuyingqayizivele kokubhala kwengoma kwase-Austrian naseJalimane okunomculo omnandi wesi-Italian. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva waziwa njengomculi womculo omkhulu kunabo bonke. Ukungena okujulile, izinkondlo kanye nobuhle obucwengekile bomculo ka-Mozart kwenze u-PI Tchaikovsky waveza umsebenzi we-Master ngale ndlela elandelayo:  “Ngokukholelwa kwami ​​okujulile, iMozart iyiphuzu eliphakeme kunawo wonke lapho ubuhle obufinyelele khona endimeni yomculo. Akekho owangenza ngakhala, ngathuthumela ngenxa yenjabulo, kusukela ekuqapheleni ukusondelana kwami ​​kuya kokuthile esikubiza ngokuthi yinhle, njengaye.”

     Umfana omncane oshisekayo futhi okhuthele kakhulu waphenduka waba umqambi owaziwayo, iningi lakhe imisebenzi yakhe yaba ubuciko bomculo we-symphonic, i-operatic, ikhonsathi nomculo wamakhwaya.     

                                            “Futhi wasishiya kude

                                             Icwebezela njengenkanyezi enomsila

                                             Nokukhanya kwawo kwahlangana nokwasezulwini

                                             Ukukhanya okuphakade                             (Goethe)    

     Wandizela emkhathini? Ihlakazwe emculweni wendawo yonke? Noma wahlala nathi? ... Noma ngabe kunjani, ithuna likaMozart alikatholakali…

      Awukaqapheli yini ukuthi umfana othile onezinwele ezigoqekile ogqoke ijini nesikibha ngezinye izikhathi uyazulazula “egunjini lomculo” futhi abheke ehhovisi lakho ngokwesaba? U-Wolfgang omncane “ulalela” umculo wakho futhi ukufisela impumelelo.