Isiginci sezintambo eziyisikhombisa zaseRussia: izici zensimbi, umlando, izinhlobo, indlela yokudlala

Isiginci esinezintambo eziyisikhombisa iyinsimbi ehlutshiwe enezintambo ezihlukile ngesakhiwo kusukela kuzinhlobonhlobo zezintambo ezingu-6 zakudala. I-Russian-string-string iyinhlangano ehamba phambili yomculo ehambisana namaholide asekhaya kanye nemibuthano yobungane; kuyisiko ukwenza ezothando nemiculo yesintu kuyo.

Izici zokudizayina

Isiginci esinezintambo eziyisikhombisa ngokwemibandela sihlukaniswe saba yizintambo ezinhle zakudala kanye ne-gypsy enezintambo zensimbi. Ubude bentambo yokusebenza buyi-55-65 cm.

Ubukhulu bezintambo zesiginci zihlukaniswe zibe:

• okwesihlanu kuzacile;
• imizuzwana - isilinganiso;
• okwesithathu kuminyene.

Okulandelayo ngakunye kuphansi kunangaphambili ngephimbo.

Isigubhu sesiginci esingenalutho (isisekelo) siqukethe amabhodi omsindo amabili aboshwe ngamagobolondo (izindonga eziseceleni). Ukuze kwenziwe, izinkuni zisetshenziswa - i-linden, i-spruce, imisedari - ukudala umsindo oqinile, ocebile. Ngaphakathi kwecala, iziphethu zifakwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso se-Scherzer (ngokufana komunye nomunye, okuphambene kuya endaweni ephezulu) - amapheshana avikela isakhiwo sokhuni ekuguquleni. Ingaphambili lesigubhu lilingana, eliphansi liconvex kancane.

Imbobo eyindilinga emaphakathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-rosette. Ibhuloho lenziwe ngokhuni oluminyene, isihlalo salo senziwe ngethambo (ikakhulukazi ngezinsimbi ezindala) noma ipulasitiki. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-gypsy zensimbi yomculo ngokuvamile zihlotshiswe ngembondela yepulasitiki; asikho isici se-classical.

Intamo incane: 4,6-5 cm kumantongomane, 5,4-6 cm kumantongomane. I-fingerboard yayo yenziwe nge-ebony noma olunye ukhuni oluqinile. Ama-Frets ayinsimbi noma ithusi.

Isici sesici sesiginci saseRussia ukuxhumana kwentamo nesigubhu ngezikulufu. Ngokusonta izingxenye eziyisikulufu, umculi ubeka inati elelula izintambo ekuphakameni okuthile, ngaleyo ndlela enze i-spectrum yomsindo oyifunayo. Njengoba linati likhula, kudingeka amandla engeziwe ukuze kukhishwe izintambo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesiginci esinezintambo eziyisikhombisa nezintambo eziyisithupha

Umehluko phakathi kwesiginci esinezintambo eziyisikhombisa nesiyisithupha mncane, ukushuna kanye nenani lezintambo. Umehluko oyinhloko wesakhiwo ukungezwa kwe-bass yomugqa ophansi, ohlelwe ku-contra-octave "si".

Insimbi eyodwa ihluka kwenye ekushuneni ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• isiginci esinezintambo eziyisi-6 sinohlelo lwekota - mi, si, usawoti, re, la, mi;
• insimbi enezintambo ezingu-7 inohlelo lwe-tertian – re, si, sol, re, si, sol, re.

I-bass ephansi eyengeziwe ithandwa ikakhulukazi ama-rocker adlala umculo osindayo ngesiginci sikagesi. Uma ixhunywe kusikhulisa-zwi se-combo, amaculo wensimbi kagesi enezintambo eziyisikhombisa athola ukugcwala nokujula.

Umlando wesiginci esinezintambo eziyisikhombisa

Isiginci saseRussia esinezintambo eziyisikhombisa siwumphumela wokuhlolwa kwenkosi yaseFrance uRene Lecomte, nakuba kukholakala ukuthi umqambi waseRussia waseCzech u-Andrey Osipovich Sykhra wayengumdali. UmFulentshi waba ngowokuqala ukuklama imodeli enezintambo eziyisikhombisa, kodwa ayizange igxile eNtshonalanga Yurophu, futhi uSichra waduma kuphela isiginci esinezintambo ezingu-7, esavela eRussia ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18. Umqambi wanikela impilo yakhe yonke yokudala ensimbini, wadala futhi wenza izingoma zomculo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Mhlawumbe kuze kwakhiwe uhlelo olusetshenziswa njengamanje lwensimbi. Ikhonsathi yokuqala enesizotha yahlelwa ngo-1793 eVilna.

Kukhona enye inguqulo yemvelaphi yesiginci esinezintambo eziyisikhombisa. Umqambi kungase kube umqambi waseCzech u-Ignatius Geld, owaphila futhi wasebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo neSikhra. Wabhala incwadi yokudlala isiginci esinezintambo eziyisikhombisa, eyethulwa ngo-1798 ngunkosikazi ka-Alexander I.

Imodeli enezintambo eziyisikhombisa ithole ukuthandwa okukhulu eRussia. Yayidlalwa kalula yibo bobabili abanolwazi lwesiginci kanye nosaqalayo, izicukuthwane zenza ezothando, namagypsies izingoma zabo ezithinta inhliziyo.

Namuhla, insimbi enezintambo eziyisikhombisa ayilona ithuluzi lekhonsathi, ngisho nensimbi ye-pop. Kuyaziswa futhi kukhethwe ikakhulukazi ngamabhadi. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula imidlalo yothando, yomculo ka-Okudzhava noVysotsky. Nakuba imisebenzi eminingi yekhonsathi idaliwe. Ngakho, ngo-1988, umqambi Igor Vladimirovich Rekhin wabhala Concerto Russian, futhi ngo-2007 isigingci Alexei Aleksandrovich Agibalov wethula uhlelo For Guitar kanye Orchestra.

Imboni ye-Lunacharsky ikhiqiza ama-guitar angu-7 kusukela ngo-1947. Ngaphandle kwe-classical, ama-guitar kagesi akhiqizwa namuhla, asetshenziselwa izitayela ze-djent, i-rock metal.

Ukushuna isiginci esinezintambo ezingu-XNUMX

Iyunithi yezinhlamvu yesikhombisa ishunwa i-octave ngezansi kwebanga lakudala lezintambo ezingu-6. Uhlelo olwamukelwe njengokujwayelekile lumi kanje:

• D - i-octave yokuqala;
• si, usawoti, re - i-octave encane;
• si, usawoti, re - i-octave enkulu.

Ukushuna intambo eyisikhombisa, isimiso sokuqhathanisa izintambo zezintambo ezingomakhelwane sisetshenziswa. Omunye ucindezelwa ku-fret ethize, owesibili ushiywe mahhala, umsindo wabo kufanele ube ngazwi linye.

Baqala ukushuna ngendlebe kusukela kuyunithi yezinhlamvu yokuqala yemfoloko yokushuna ethi “A”, bayicindezele ku-7th fret (noma bashune emahhala ngokuya ngepiyano ethi “D” yokunambitha koku-1 ngemuva). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyalungiswa kucatshangelwa izikhawu eziphindayo. Eyesithathu encane inamasemitone angu-3, ​​eyesithathu enkulu ina-4, kanti eyesine emsulwa ina-5. Ku-fretboard, i-fret elandelayo ishintsha iphimbo nge-semitone uma iqhathaniswa neyangaphambili. Okusho ukuthi, i-fret enentambo ecindezelwe ibonisa inani lama-semitones ashintsha umsindo wentambo yamahhala.

Ukhiye olungile wokudlala isiginci saseRussia:

• okukhulu - G, C, D;
• okuncane - mi, la, si, re, sol, yenza.

Kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe futhi kukhululekile kancane ekusetshenzisweni kwe-tonality:

• ezinkulu - F, B, B-flat, A, E, E-flat;
• encane - F, F ebukhali.

Ezinye izinketho zinzima ukuzisebenzisa.

izinhlobonhlobo

Bakhiqiza izinhlobo ezi-3 ze-dimensional yesiginci saseRussia esinezintambo eziyisikhombisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bungaba nomthelela ekukhethweni kwensimbi, ngoba inquma izici zomculo:

• Isiginci esikhulu sisezingeni. Ubude bengxenye yokusebenza yentambo buyi-65 cm.
• Tertz guitar – usayizi medium. Ubude 58 cm. Kushunwe phezulu kunangaphambili ngengxenye yesithathu encane. Ngenxa yokuthi insimbi iyashintsha, inothi liboniswa ingxenye yesithathu yenothi elifanayo kusiginci esijwayelekile.
• I-quarter guitar - usayizi omncane. 55 cm ubude. Kushunwe phezulu kunokujwayelekile kuya kweyesine ephelele.

Idlalwa kanjani isiginci esinezintambo eziyisikhombisa

Kulula kakhulu ukuthi oqalayo ukudlala isiginci adlale ehlezi. Ubeka insimbi emlenzeni wakho, cindezela kancane ingxenye yayo engenhla esifubeni sakho. Cindezela isandla esisebenzayo endaweni enwetshiwe yangaphambili yesigubhu. Ukuze uzinze, beka unyawo lapho isiginci sihlezi kuso esihlalweni esiphansi. Ungacindezeli omunye umlenze. Beka isithupha sakho ezintanjeni ze-bass. Hambisa ezintathu ezimaphakathi (umunwe omncane awubandakanyi) uye entendeni yesandla sakho. Ukushintsha okukhulu ngakubo, hhayi ukuhlanganisa.

Esigabeni sokuqala sokufunda indlela yokudlala isiginci esinezintambo eziyisikhombisa, sebenzisa izintambo ezivulekile, lokhu kuzokusiza ufunde indlela yokukhipha ingoma ngokudlulisa isithupha sakho emugqeni wezintambo. Ungasebenzisi isandla sakho esingasasebenzi kulesi sigaba.

Beka isithupha sakho ocingweni lwesi-7 bese usicindezela phansi kancane. Inkomba - kweyesi-3, maphakathi - kweyesi-2, engenagama - ngomhlaka-1. Hambisa isithupha sakho phansi kweyunithi yezinhlamvu engezansi, ngesikhathi esifanayo usebenzisa yonke iminwe yakho ukuze udlale imisindo kuyunithi yezinhlamvu ehambisanayo. Phinda isenzo, uhambisa isithupha sakho phezulu siye kuyunithi yezinhlamvu yesi-4. Yenza umsebenzi kuze kube yilapho ikhono lizenzakalela.