Indlela yokukhetha icilongo

Okuqukethwe

Idivayisi yecilongo
Izinhlobo zamacilongo
Izibonelo zamacilongo

Icilongo iyinsimbi yomculo yethusi ye-alto-soprano ubhalise a, umsindo ophakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezinsimbi zomoya zethusi.

Icilongo lemvelo belilokhu lisetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokubonisa izimpawu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi kusukela cishe ngekhulu le-17 laba yingxenye ye-orchestra. Ngokusungulwa komshini we-valve, icilongo lathola isikali esigcwele se-chromatic futhi kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-19 laba ithuluzi eligcwele lomculo we-classic. . Ithuluzi linokukhanya, okukhazimulayo isitembu futhi isetshenziswa njengensimbi eyedwa, kumabhendi e-symphony nawethusi, kanye naku jazz nezinye izinhlobo.

Icilongo lingenye yezinsimbi zomculo ezindala kakhulu. Ukushiwo kwe endala amathuluzi alolu hlobo ahlehlela emuva cishe kuma-3600 BC. e. Amapayipi ayekhona ezimpucukweni eziningi - eGibhithe Lasendulo, eGrisi Lasendulo, eShayina Yasendulo, njll., futhi ayesetshenziswa njengezinsimbi zesignali. Icilongo ladlala le ndima amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-17.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, abashaya amacilongo babengamalungu ebutho isibopho, kuphela ababekwazi ukudlulisa ngokushesha umyalo womkhuzi kwezinye izingxenye zebutho ezazikude ngosizo lwesibonakaliso. Kwabhekwa ubuciko bokudlala icilongo "elite" , yayifundiswa abantu abakhethwe ngokukhethekile kuphela. Ngesikhathi sokuthula, amacilongo ayezwakala emibuthanweni yemikhosi, imiqhudelwano yama-knightly, emadolobheni amakhulu kwakukhona isikhundla sabashayi becilongo "umbhoshongo" abamemezela ukufika komuntu ophakeme, ushintsho ngesikhathi sosuku (ngaleyo ndlela esebenza njengohlobo lwewashi. ), ukusondela kwamabutho ezitha edolobheni nakwezinye izenzakalo.

I-valve umshini, owasungulwa ngawo-1830 futhi onikeza icilongo isikali se-chromatic, wawungasetshenziswa kabanzi ekuqaleni, ngoba akuyona yonke imisindo ye-chromatic eyayiyizwi elimsulwa futhi ilingana isitembu . Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izwi eliphezulu eqenjini lethusi liye laphathiswa kakhulu i-cornet, insimbi ehlobene necilongo elithambile. isitembu kanye namakhono obuchwepheshe athuthuke kakhulu. Amakhonethi (kanye namacilongo) ayeyizinsimbi ezivamile ze-orchestra kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kokwakhiwa kwezinsimbi nokuthuthukiswa kwekhono labashayi bamacilongo kuqeda inkinga yokukhuluma ngokushelelayo nokukhuluma kahle. i-timbre .a, futhi amakhonethi anyamalala ku-orchestra. Esikhathini sethu, izingxenye ze-orchestral zamakhonethi zivame ukuqhutshwa emapayipini, nakuba insimbi yokuqala isetshenziswa ngezinye izikhathi.

Namuhla, icilongo lisetshenziswa kabanzi njengensimbi eyedwa, kumabhendi e-symphony kanye nethusi, kanye nakumabhendi e-symphony. jazz , i-funk, i-ska nezinye izinhlobo.

Kulesi sihloko, ochwepheshe besitolo "Umfundi" bazokutshela indlela yokukhetha ipayipi okudingayo, futhi ungakhokhi ngokweqile ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Idivayisi yecilongo

Ngaphambi kokuthenga, sincoma ukuthi ufunde i- izakhi zepayipi , okuwukweleta umsindo wayo oyingqayizivele: ipayipi, okhulumela umlomo , ama-valve, bell . Izinto zokumboza zensimbi nazo zibalulekile.

I-Tube – ingxenye yepayipi esuka ku- okhulumela umlomo a kumqhele wesistimu jikelele. Yenziwe ngethusi elivamile (eliphuzi), ithusi elibomvu noma isiliva esingu-925 sesiliva. Ithusi elibomvu noma i-tompack (uhlobo lwethusi) yizinto ezikhethwayo zamapayipi okuqeqesha, njengoba zingenwa kalula ukugqwala. Amathuluzi wethusi aphuzi adinga ukuhlanzwa njalo. Kunamamodeli aneshubhu elingemuva. Umoya ongaphakathi kwethuluzi elineshubhu elinjalo uhlangabezana nokungazweli okuncane ngenxa yamalunga ezinqe ambalwa. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwenza umdlalo ube lula kakhulu.

amagagasi(ngokunembile, ama-pistons) enziwe ngezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene. Ama-piston ane-nickel-plated avame ukutholakala kumapayipi okuqeqesha, njengoba aqinile, aqinile futhi azwela kancane ekuhlanzeni ngezikhathi ezithile. Enye into evamile i-monel (i-alloy ye-nickel nethusi). I-Monel ithambile kune-nickel, ama-monel pistons adinga ukuhlanzwa njalo nokugcotshwa. I-Monel inokumelana nokugqwala, ipulasitiki, amandla aphezulu okudonsa. Amakepisi e-Monel asetshenziswa kuwo womabili amapayipi ochwepheshe nawokuqeqesha. Izigqoko zensimbi engagqwali zibhekwa njengezinhle impela, zitholakala kumathuluzi wezinga eliphakathi nelochwepheshe. I-valve enhle iphendula ngokushesha nangokushelela ekucindezelweni. Lokhu kuwumphumela wokuphahlazeka okufanele kwepiston - ukusebenza kokugcina kokufaka i-piston engilazini.

Insimbi zazo zombili izinsimbi zokufundisa nezomsebenzi ezivamise ukwenziwa ngethusi eliphuzi. Futhi ezivamile kukhona pink izinsimbi zethusi ezinethoni emnyama, efudumele. Isiliva izinsimbi abekwe kuphela kumapayipi e-premium. Esikhathini esidlule, i-nickel yayisetshenziswa njenge-a bell impahla , kodwa manje cishe ayitholakali.
Okuningi isici esibalulekile umklamo we bell . Okuncono izinsimbi zenziwe ngokuvumelana nesifanekiso esivela eshidini elilodwa lensimbi. Uchwepheshe uyilolonga ngesandla nge-mallet yerabha. Kukholakala ukuthi i bellAma-s enziwe ngezandla adlidliza ngokulinganayo. Amashubhu okufundisa namathuluzi asezingeni eliphakathi ngokuvamile ashiselwe izisekelo . Eminyakeni yamuva, ubuchwepheshe be-welding ye-plasma buye benza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuletha okushiselwe izisekelo isondelene ngezici kweziqinile. Bells futhi ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu kanye ne-taper, zombili ezithinta umsindo ngokungaqondile.

I-Mensura isilinganiso sengxenye ebanzi nencane kakhulu yepayipi. Ububanzi obungaphakathi beshubhu yesibili Umqhele ilinganiselwe. Ngokuvamile kunamathuluzi anesilinganiso esingu-0.458-0.460 amayintshi (11.63 - 11.68 mm). Izinsimbi ezinezinga elikhulu zizwakala kakhulu, kodwa zidinga umzamo owengeziwe ovela kumculi; la mapayipi adlalwa kakhulu ngabaculi abangochwepheshe. Kwabaqalayo (ikakhulukazi izingane), kungcono ukuthenga ipayipi ngesilinganiso esincane, ngoba. kulokhu, kulula ukufeza umsindo ocacile.

Izinhlobo zamacilongo

Ake sijwayelane nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamacilongo, izici zawo kanye nezinhlobo zomculo asetshenziswa kakhulu kuwo.

Bb amapayipi

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu i-B-flat trumpet. Ngomsindo ofudumele, ovulekile, ilingana kahle nanoma iyiphi iqoqo ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomculo kusukela kokwakudala ukuya kwesimanje. jazz nomculo we-pop. I-Bb trumpet nayo ivame kakhulu ithuluzi lokufundisa , njengoba kuye kwabhalelwa izingoma eziningi nezinto zokufundisa. Ukwenza izinto zibe lula futhi ukhethe ipayipi ngokusho kwezinga lakho kanye nezezimali, bheka uhla lokuqeqeshwa, okuphakathi (okuyingxenye yochwepheshe) kanye namamodeli ochwepheshe.

Amacilongo Omfundi Bb

Izinkampani eziningi zikhiqiza uchungechunge lwamamodeli ikakhulukazi abaculi abasaqala. Amapayipi ezinga lokungena ngokuvamile awabizi, kodwa aqinile futhi anezici ezenza kube lula kwabaqalayo ukudlala. Ngokwesibonelo, encane isikali ecilongo lomfundi ikuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe umsindo ocacile nogcwele ngomzamo omncane.

Ipayipi STAGG WS-TR215S

Amapayipi we-semi-professional Bb

Njengoba abadlali beba nekhono ekudlaleni, abaculi bangathola ukuthi amakhono eshubhu lokuqeqesha awanele. Kulesi simo, kunconywa ukuthi ushintshele kumathuluzi asezingeni eliphakathi. Amapayipi angama-semi-professional ahlanganisa ububanzi obubanzi bokukhiqizwa komsindo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ashibhile kunezobuchwepheshe. Umngane womculi unokukhethwa okukhulu kwamacilongo ayingxenye yochwepheshe ekushuneni kwe-B-flat.

Icilongo likaJohn Packer JP251SW

Amapayipi ochwepheshe be-BB

Amapayipi ezinga lochwepheshe enziwa izingcweti eziqeqeshwe kakhulu ezivela ezintweni ezingcono kakhulu, kucatshangelwa zonke izidingo ezibekwa ngumdlali onolwazi entweni ethile. Ochwepheshe abadinga insimbi enomsindo oncomekayo nokuzwela okuphezulu kwe indlela ingakhetha icilongo lezinga lochwepheshe esitolo se-inthanethi "Umfundi".

Amacilongo e-Bass

Nakuba icilongo le-bass lidlalwa ikakhulukazi ama-trombonist, abanye abashaya icilongo abadumile nabo benza ngaleli thuluzi. UPhilip Jones waseBrithani kanye nelungu leqembu likaDave Matthews uRashawn Ross bayizibonelo.
Icilongo le-bass linokushuna okufanayo ne-trombone, ngokuvamile ku-C (C) noma ku-B flat (Bb). Amanothi alo abhalwe ku-treble clef, kodwa enziwa ngaphansi nge-octave (i-bass trumpet C) noma i-non (i-bass trumpet Bb) enkulu.
Icilongo le-bass eline-drawstring cishe ngeke lifanelekele abashayi bamacilongo abasaqalayo, kodwa kuyisinqumo esihle kuma-trombonists abafuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo okudlala ama-valve, kanye nabashaya amacilongo abafuna ukwandisa amathuba abo okudlala futhi bafunde kahle insimbi ngaphansi ubhalise .

Amacilongo ku-C line

Nakuba i-C trumpet ingavamile kune-Bb trumpet, lolu hlobo luvamile futhi seluthole ukuduma eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Amacilongo ama-C aya ngokuya atholakala kuma-orchestra ahambisana namacilongo e-Bb. Icilongo elingu-C lishunwa ithoni ephakeme kune-B flat trumpet, futhi umzimba omncane kancane ulenza lizwakale likhanya. Ihlanzekile, inamanzi isitembu isetshenziswa ngempumelelo emisebenzini ye-orchestra. I-C trumpet ifaneleka ngokulinganayo kubadlali abangochwepheshe nabafundi abathuthukile, ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izinga lesu lokudlala.

Icilongo C John Packer P152

Amacilongo ku-Mi tuning

Kanye nezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zecilongo ku-B-flat no-C, kukhona amamodeli aklanyelwe ukudlala endaweni ephakeme. ubhalise e. Njengomthetho, zisetshenziswa kuleyo misebenzi ye-orchestra lapho ephakeme ubhalise kunomthelela ekunembeni okukhulu kokukhiqizwa komsindo kanye nokufaka kalula iminwe. Icilongo E liyisibonelo sensimbi enjalo nje. Naphezu kokuvama kwayo okuphansi kokusetshenziswa uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Bb, C, kanye namacilongo e-Eb, icilongo lokushuna liyinto ebalulekile eqoqweni lomdlali we-orchestra ochwepheshe. Ngokuvamile, ukushuna kwe-E kumane kungenye yezinto ezingase zibe khona zensimbi eguquguqukayo izinsimbi ezingashunwa kokhiye abaphezulu.

Piccolo amacilongo

Kwabashaya amacilongo, abavame ukudlala izingxenye eziphezulu ubhalise e (isici, isibonelo, somculo we-Bach noma we-baroque), i piccolo icilongo iyithuluzi eliyinhloko. Isetshenziswa ekushuneni kwe-B-flat, i-octave ephakeme kune-Bb trumpet evamile, cishe njalo ine-krone eyengeziwe kanye nethuba lokushuna ku-A (A). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- piccolo icilongo ifakwe i-valve yesine (i-quart valve), eyehlisa uhlelo ngesine esiphelele. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zici kwandisa amathuba ensimbi, okwenza i piccolo icilongo utshalomali olufanele lwabadlali abathuthukile nabaqeqeshiwe.

piccolo icilongo

Ephaketheni Amacilongo

Abavuthela amacilongo, abavame ukuba semgwaqeni, bazokujabulela ukwazi ukuthi kukhona insimbi ehlangene kakhulu kunecilongo elivamile. Umklamo ohlangene ufezwa ngokugoba okuqinile kwamashubhu, kuyilapho icilongo lephakethe livumela okugcwele. uhla ye-Bb trumpet ezokhishwa futhi ibalulekile ekudlaleni umculo wasemgwaqweni, imisebenzi yokuhamba, njll.
Kukho konke ukusebenziseka kwalo, lolu hlobo lwecilongo alufaneleki kahle ukudlala bukhoma, nakuba abanye jazz abadlali bayayisebenzisa ngezikhathi ezithile kumaseshini abo.

I-Bb pipe compact John Packer JP159B

Amacilongo e-Rocker

Abaculi abasafufusa mancane amathuba okuthi bakhethe icilongo elinesilayidi njengensimbi yabo yokuqala, kodwa kuma-trombonist afuna ukuzijwayeza amakhono awo ensimbini yomlomo, noma abashaya amacilongo abafuna ukwandisa umsebenzi wabo. uhla , lesi yisixazululo esinengqondo. Njengomphumela walolo “vivinyo”, abanye abadlali ngokuvamile bayalishiya icilongo elivamile bathanda insimbi ye-rocker. Kwabanolwazi jazz amacilongo, icilongo le-scotch lihle kakhulu yesibili ithuluzi ongalinga ngalo umsindo. Icilongo lesilayidi (noma icilongo lesilayidi) kwesinye isikhathi lisetshenziswa emculweni we-orchestra wezikhathi zeBaroque neRenaissance.