Ama-nuances Emculweni: Dynamics (Isifundo 12)

Kulesi sifundo, sizokhuluma ngenye indlela yokudlulisa imizwa - amandla (umsindo) womculo.

Sesishilo ukuthi inkulumo yomculo ifana kakhulu nenkulumo ngomqondo wethu wendabuko. Futhi enye yezindlela zokuveza imizwelo yethu (ngaphandle kwe-tempo yamagama aphindaphindayo) ingenye, engenamandla amancane - lena ivolumu esibiza ngayo amagama. Amazwi amnene, othando akhulunywa ngokuthambile, imiyalo, intukuthelo, izinsongo kanye nokuncenga kunomsindo. Njengezwi lomuntu, umculo ungabuye “umemeze” futhi “uhlebe”.

Ucabanga ukuthi yini ehlanganisa isiqhumane esibizwa nge-“dynamite”, ithimba lezemidlalo elithi “Dynamo” kanye nekhasethi “izikhulumi”? Wonke avela egameni elilodwa - δύναμις [dynamis], elihunyushwe lisuka esiGriki ngokuthi "amandla". Kulapho igama elithi “dynamics” livela khona. I-shades yomsindo (noma, ngesiFulentshi, ama-nuances) abizwa ngokuthi ama-hues ashukumisayo, futhi amandla omsindo womculo abizwa ngokuthi ama-dynamics.

Ama-nuances aguquguqukayo avame kakhulu, ukusuka kokuthambile kakhulu kuye komsindo omkhulu, abalwe ngezansi:

• pp – pianissimo – pianissimo – ithule kakhulu
• p – Ipiyano – upiyano – ithambile
• mp — Ipiyano ye-Mezzo — mezzo-piano — ku-meru quiet
• mf – Mezzo forte – mezzo forte – umsindo ophakathi nendawo
• f – Forte – forte – ngokuzwakalayo
• ff -Fortissimo – fortissimo – phezulu kakhulu

Ukukhombisa amazinga evolumu edlulele nakakhulu, izinhlamvu ezengeziwe u-f no-p zisetshenziswa. Isibonelo, amagama athi fff kanye ne-pp. Abanawo amagama ajwayelekile, imvamisa bathi “forte-fortissimo” kanye “nopiano-pianissimo”, noma “three fortes” kanye “namapiyano amathathu”.

Ukuqokwa kwe-dynamics kuhlobene, akuphelele. Isibonelo, i-mp ayibonisi izinga levolumu elinembile, kodwa ukuthi isiqephu kufanele sidlalwe ngokuzwakalayo kuno-p futhi kuthi ukuthula kancane kuno-mf.

Kwesinye isikhathi umculo ngokwawo uyakutshela ukuthi udlalwa kanjani. Isibonelo, ungayidlala kanjani i-lullaby?

Kulungile - thula. Idlalwa kanjani i-alamu?

Yebo, phezulu.

Kodwa kunezimo lapho kungacaci emculweni ukuthi umqambi ufaka luphi uhlamvu oculweni lomculo. Kungakho umbhali ebhala amacebo ngendlela yezithonjana ze-dynamics ngaphansi kombhalo womculo. Okuningi noma okuncane okufana nalokhu:

Ama-nuances anamandla angaboniswa kokubili ekuqaleni nanoma iyiphi enye indawo emsebenzini womculo.

Kukhona ezinye izimpawu ezimbili ze-dynamics ozohlangana nazo kaningi. Ngokubona kwami, zibukeka zifana nemilomo yezinyoni:

Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukunyuka kancane kancane noma ukwehla kwevolumu yomsindo. Ngakho, ukuze icule kakhulu, le nyoni ivula umlomo wayo banzi (<), futhi ukuze icule ngokuthula, ivale uqhwaku (>). Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi "izimfoloko" kuvela ngaphansi kombhalo womculo, kanye nangaphezulu kwawo (ikakhulukazi ngaphezu kwengxenye yezwi).

Cabangela isibonelo:

Kulesi sibonelo, imfoloko ende eguquguqukayo ( < ) isho ukuthi ucezu kufanele sidlalwe kakhulu futhi phezulu kuze kuphele i-crescendo.

Futhi lapha i-tapering "imfoloko" ( > ) ngaphansi kwebinzana lomculo lisho ukuthi ucezu ludinga ukudlalwa luthule futhi luthule kuze kuphele uphawu lwe-diminuendo, futhi izinga levolumu yokuqala kulesi sibonelo ngu-mf (mezzo forte), kanye nevolumu yokugcina. is p (upiyano).

Ngezinhloso ezifanayo, indlela yokukhuluma nayo ivame ukusetshenziswa. Igama "Ukukhula“(I-crescendo yesiNtaliyane, i-cresc efushanisiwe) isho ukwanda kancane kancane komsindo, futhi”I-Diminuendo“(I-Italian diminuendo, esifushanisiwe dim.), noma ukuncipha (i-decrescendo, isifinyezo se-decresc.) - ukuncipha kancane kancane.

amagama cresc. futhi dim. kungase kuhambisane nemiyalelo eyengeziwe:

• poco - poco - kancane
• poco a poco – poco a poco – kancane kancane
• subito noma sub. - subito - ngokuzumayo
• più – ngiyaphuza – ngaphezulu

Nawa amanye amagama ahlobene ne-dynamics:

• al niente - al ninte - ngokwezwi nezwi "to nothing", ukuthulisa
• i-calando - kalando - "ukwehla"; yehlisa ijubane bese wehlisa ivolumu
• i-marcato - i-marcato - igcizelela inothi ngalinye
• i-morendo – morendo – fading (ukwehlisa umoya nokwehlisa ijubane)
• i-perdendo noma i-perdendosi - i-perdendo - ukulahlekelwa amandla, ukugoba
• izwi le-sotto - izwi le-sotto - ngezwi eliphansi

Hhayi-ke, ekuphetheni, ngingathanda ukukudonsela ukunaka kwenuance eyodwa enamandla - lokhu ukugxila. Enkulumweni yomculo, kuthathwa njengokukhala okuhlukile okubukhali.

Kumanothi, kubonisiwe:

• i-sforzando noma i-sforzato (sf noma i-sfz) - i-sforzando noma i-sforzato - isichazamazwi esibukhali ngokuzumayo
• I-forte upiyano (fp) - ngokuzwakalayo, bese ngokushesha ngokuthula
• I-sforzando piano (sfp) - ikhombisa i-sforzando elandelwa upiyano

Enye “iphimbo” lapho ubhala ivezwa > uphawu ngenhla noma ngezansi kwenothi elihambisanayo (ichodi).

Futhi ekugcineni, nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa lapho wena, ngethemba, uzokwazi ukusebenzisa lonke ulwazi oluzuzile: