Indlela yokukhetha i-balalaika

Okuqukethwe

Idivayisi ye-Balalaika
Amathiphu avela esitolo "Umfundi" wokukhetha i-balalaika
Indlela yokukhetha i-balalaika
Izibonelo ze-balalaikas

balalaika ungumuntu waseRussia onezintambo umculo ithuluzi. Ubude be-balalaika buhluke kakhulu: kusuka ku-600-700 mm ( prima balalaika ) ukuya kumamitha ayi-1.7 ( i-subcontrabass balalaika ) ngobude, enecala elingunxantathu eligobe kancane (futhi eliyisiyingi ekhulwini le-18 kuya kwele-19) ikesi lepulangwe.

Umzimba we-balalaika uhlanganiswe ndawonye kusukela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene (6-7), inhloko yobude ibhodi leminwe a igobile kancane. Izintambo zensimbi (Ngekhulu le-18, ezimbili zazo zazinomvini; i-balalaika yesimanje inezintambo zenayiloni noma zekhabhoni). Use intamo ye-balalaika yesimanje kukhona insimbi engu-16-31 kuyaqaqamba (kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 - 5-7 kuyaqaqamba ).

Alikho iphuzu elilodwa lokubuka ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwe-balalaika. Kukholakala ukuthi i balaika iye yanda kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17. Mhlawumbe livela e-Asian dombra. “Kwakuyinsimbi yomculo ende enezintambo ezimbili, inomzimba ocishe ube yingosi yeminwe nengxenye ubude (cishe isentimitha ezingama-27) nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angaba ngu-18 nentamo. intamo ) okungenani ngokuphindwe kane” ( M. Gutry, “Dissertation about Russian Antiquities).

I-Dombra

I-balaika ithole ukubukeka kwayo kwesimanje ngenxa yomculi-uthisha uVasily Andreev kanye nezingcweti V. Ivanov, F. Paserbsky, SI Nalimov nabanye, okwathi ngo-1883 baqala ukuyithuthukisa. U-Andreev VV uhlongoze ukwenza i-soundboard kusuka ku-spruce, nokwenza ingemuva le-balalaika kusuka ku-beech, futhi lifinyeze libe ngu-600-700 mm. Umndeni we-balaikas owenziwe ngu-F. Paserbsky ( piccolo , i-prima, i-alto, i-tenor, i-bass, i-double bass) yaba isisekelo se-orchestra yabantu baseRussia. Kamuva, uF. Paserbsky wathola ilungelo lobunikazi eJalimane ukuze kusungulwe i-balalaika.

I-balaika isetshenziswa njenge-solo, ikhonsathi, iqoqo kanye nensimbi ye-orchestra. Ngo-1887, u-Andreev wahlela umbuthano wokuqala wabathandi be-balalaika, futhi ngo-March 20, 1888, esakhiweni se-St. Petersburg Mutual Credit Society, ukusebenza kokuqala koMbuthano balalaika Abalandeli senzeka , okwaba usuku lokuzalwa lwe-orchestra yezinsimbi zomculo zaseRussia.

Indlela yokukhetha i-balalaika

Idivayisi ye-Balalaika

umzimba – ehlanganisa ibhodi lomsindo (ingxenye engaphambili) nengxenye yangemuva enamathiselwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zokhuni. Ngokuvamile kuba khona eziyisikhombisa noma eziyisithupha zalezi zigaba.

I-Fretboard – ingxenye yokhuni enwetshiwe, lapho izintambo zicindezelwa khona lapho udlala ukushintsha inothi.

Ikhanda ingxenye engenhla ye-balalaika, lapho oomakhenikha kanye izikhonkwane zitholakala, ezisebenzela ukushuna i-balaika.

Amathiphu avela esitolo "Umfundi" wokukhetha i-balalaika

Udinga ukufunda ukudlala ngendlela efanele kude ngethuluzi elihle . Insimbi enhle kuphela enganikeza umsindo oqinile, omuhle, omnandi, futhi ukuvezwa kobuciko kokusebenza kuncike kwikhwalithi yomsindo nekhono lokuwusebenzisa.

Intamo we balalaika kufanele iqonde ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela kanye nokuqhekeka, ingabi nkulu kakhulu futhi ilungele ukwakheka kwayo, kodwa ingabi mncane kakhulu, ngoba kulokhu, ngaphansi kwethonya lezici zangaphandle (ukungezwani kwentambo, ukuswakama, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. ) , ingasonteka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okuncono impahla for prifa i-ebony.
Ama-Frets kufanele ipholishwe kahle phezulu nasemiphethweni ye intamo futhi ungaphazamisi ukunyakaza kweminwe yesandla sobunxele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke kuyaqaqamba kumele zobude obufanayo noma zilale endizeni efanayo, okungukuthi, ukuze umbusi obekwe phezu kwazo ngomphetho uzithinte zonke ngaphandle kokukhetha. Uma udlala i-balalaika, izintambo, zicindezelwe noma yikuphi yizimpahla , kufanele inikeze umsindo ocacile, ongadlidlizi. The best materials for kuyaqaqamba ziyinsimbi emhlophe ne-nickel.
Izikhonkwane zezintambo kufanele be imishini . Babamba isistimu kahle futhi bavumela ukushuna okulula nokunemba kwethuluzi. Leyo ngxenye yesikhonkwane, lapho intambo iboshwe khona, akufanele ibe yigodi, kodwa isuke yonke insimbi. Izimbobo lapho izintambo zidluliselwa kuzo kufanele zifakwe kahle emaphethelweni, ngaphandle kwalokho izintambo zizophambana ngokushesha.
I-soundboard (uhlangothi oluyisicaba lomzimba), olwakhiwe ngokuhle ukuzwela isihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi ngezinsika ezivamile, ezihambisanayo, kufanele zibe sicaba futhi zingalokothi zigobe ngaphakathi.
Uma kukhona a okulingene igobolondo , kufanele unake ukuthi inamathekisthi ngempela futhi ayithinti idekhi. Izikhali kumele zenziwe ngokhuni oluqinile (ukuze zingajiki). Inhloso yawo ukuvikela ideski elithambile ekushaqekeni nasekubhujisweni.
Igobolondo le-Balalaika
The amasilinda aphezulu naphansi kufanele enziwe ngokhuni oluqinile noma ngethambo ukuze agweme ukuguga ngokushesha. Uma i-nati ilimele, izintambo zilala phezu intamo (use kuyaqaqamba ) kanye nokuklabalasa; uma isihlalo silimele, izintambo zingalimaza ibhodi lomsindo.
Isitendi sezintambo kufanele yenziwe nge-maple futhi nayo yonke indiza yayo ephansi isondelene nebhodi lomsindo, ngaphandle kokunikeza izikhala. Izitendi ze-ebony, i-oki, amathambo, noma i-softwood azinconywa, njengoba kunjalo yenza buthaka i-sonority yensimbi noma, ngokuphambene, unikeze okubukhali, okungajabulisi isitembu . Ukuphakama kokuma nakho kubalulekile; indawo yokuma ephakeme kakhulu , nakuba kwandisa amandla nobukhali bensimbi, kodwa kwenza kube nzima ukukhipha umsindo omnandi; phansi kakhulu- kwandisa ukuzwakala kwensimbi, kodwa kwenza buthaka amandla e-sonority yalo; indlela yokukhipha umsindo yenziwe lula kakhulu futhi ijwayela umdlali we-balaika ukuthi adlale ngendlela engenzi lutho, engaqondakali. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kokuma kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa okukhethekile. Isitendi esikhethwe kabi singalulaza umsindo wensimbi futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuyidlala.
Izinkinobho zezintambo (eduze kwesihlalo) kufanele zenziwe ngokhuni oluqinile kakhulu noma ithambo futhi zihlale ziqinile ezisekelweni zazo.
Ukuhlanzeka kwesistimu kanye ne i-timbre yensimbi incike ku- ukukhethwa kwezintambo . Izintambo ezincane kakhulu zinikeza umsindo obuthakathaka, okhehlezayo; aminyene kakhulu noma enze kube nzima ukudlala futhi aphuce insimbi yomculo omnandi, noma, ngokungawugcini ukuhleleka, adabukile.
Umsindo wensimbi kufanele igcwale, iqine futhi ibe mnandi isitembu , engenalo ukhahlo noma ubuthulu (“umgqomo”). Lapho ukhipha umsindo ezintanjeni ezingacindezelwe, kufanele kube njalo ubude futhi bungapheli ngokushesha , kodwa kancane kancane. Izinga lomsindo lincike kakhulu kubukhulu obufanele bensimbi kanye nekhwalithi yezinto zokwakha, ibhuloho nezintambo.