Isichazamazwi izigaba imigomo nemiqondo Italian, ovuthayo. – alive, live, live Itemu elichaza uhlobo olujabulisayo lokudlalwa komculo. Njengezinye iziqalo ezifanayo, yabekwa ekuqaleni komsebenzi ukukhombisa ukubusa. iqukethe ukuthinta (bona ithiyori ye-Affect). Ekuqaleni, yayingahlotshaniswa nombono we-u2bu19btempo futhi yayisetshenziswa nguCh. ar. njengesengezo kwamanye amagama (allegro v., allegretto v., andante v., njll.), kodwa njengegama elizimele - kuphela emidlalweni, i-tempo eyanqunywa uhlobo lwayo (mashi, ipolonaise, njll.) .). Kusuka esitezi sesi-XNUMX. Ikhulu lesi-XNUMX ngokwengxenye lilahlekelwa incazelo yalo yasekuqaleni futhi libe…

Izigaba zesichazamazwi amatemu nemiqondo ithali. - konke 1) Umdlalo ohlangene wazo zonke izinsimbi ze-orchestra. Ngekhulu le-17 igama elithi “T.” esetshenziswa njengento efanayo yamagama athi ripieno, omnes, plenus chorus, njll., okubonisa umsindo ohlangene wawo wonke amakhwaya, amaqembu ezinsimbi nezitho ku-multi-choir wok.-instr. umkhiqizo. Ngekhulu le-18 ku-concerto grosso nezinye izinhlobo ezisebenzisa umgomo wokuhlanganisana kobuningi bomsindo, igama elithi tutti kusikolo libonise ukufakwa kwazo zonke izinsimbi ezigabeni ze-ripieno ngemva kwegama elithi uwedwa ku-concertino. Esikhathini samanje i-orchestra ihlukanisa phakathi kuka-T omkhulu noma omncane.; okwesibili kubandakanya ukubamba iqhaza kwe…

Isichazamazwi izigaba imigomo nemiqondo Italian, ovuthayo. - ijubane elintshontshiwe Mahhala kuya kusigqi. mayelana nomculo. ukusebenza, ngenxa yokuvezwa kwemizwelo, ukuchezuka ku-tempo efanayo. Igama liqhamuke ku-wok. umculo wenkathi yeBaroque (Tosi RF, Opinioni de cantori antichi e moderni o siene osservazioni sopra il canto figurato, Bologna, 1723, ukuhunyushwa kwesiRashiya encwadini: Mazurin K., "Indlela Yokucula", ingxenye 1, M., 1902) futhi ekuqaleni yayisho inkululeko yokwenqaba umculo omnandi. amazwi avela ekuphelezeleni okwenziwe nge-tempo eqhubekayo. Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-T.r. ku-instr. wabhala umculo ku-Skr yakhe. isikole L. Mozart. Emculweni we-clavier we…

Izigaba zesichazamazwi amatemu nemiqondo ithali. - ngokuzumayo, ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okushelelayo kwe-forte S. - ngokuzumayo kunomsindo; upiyano S. - ngokuzumayo uthule; i-volti S. (kusuka ku-volti – impoqo kusuka ku-voltare – vula kanye ne-subito, abbr. VS) – vula ngokushesha (ikhasi lomculo).

Izigaba zesichazamazwi amatemu nemiqondo ithali.; IsiFulentshi esidala. estrabot; I-Spanish esrambote Ifomu lenkondlo elalisabalala e-Italy ngekhulu le-14 nele-15. I-S. iyinkondlo yomugqa owodwa yemigqa eyi-8. Imvumelwano ingase yehluke. Izinhlobonhlobo eziyinhloko S. - okuthiwa. i-octave yamaRoma, noma nje i-octave (abab abcc), ihlangene, njll. i-octave yaseSicilian, noma iSicilian (abababab), njll. Leli fomu lalisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinkondlweni ezimele ukulingiswa kwezinkondlo zesintu. Umbhali odume kakhulu kwakunguSerafino dal 'Aquila waseRoma. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo, i-S. iye yahlotshaniswa eduze nomculo - izimbongi zivame ukudala i-S. njenge-wok. ukuthuthukiswa okuhambisana ne-lute. Amaqoqo asele emibhalo yesandla kanye…

Izigaba zesichazamazwi amatemu nemiqondo ithali. - kungazelelwe, ku-staccare - dabula, hlukanisa Imisindo emifushane, engazelelwe, ihlukanise ngokusobala komunye nomunye. Kuyingxenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza umsindo, okuphambene ne-legato - ukusebenza okuhambisanayo kwemisindo enoguquko olubushelelezi olungenzeka, olungabonakali ukusuka komunye kuya kokunye. Kuboniswa igama elithi “staccato” (abbr. – stacc, inkomba evamile yendima eyandisiwe) noma ichashazi kunothi (ngokuvamile libekwe ekhanda, ngenhla noma ngezansi, kuye ngendawo yesiqu). Esikhathini esidlule, ama-wedges kumanothi ayesebenza njengezimpawu ze-staccato; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bavele bathi...

Izigaba zesichazamazwi amatemu nemiqondo ital., kusukela ku-spiccare - ukudabula, ukuhlukanisa, abbr. – spice. I-stroke esetshenziswa lapho kudlalwa izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ezikhotheme. Isho iqembu “lokugxuma” imivimbo. Nge-S., umsindo ukhishwa ngokujikijela umnsalo entanjeni usuka kude; ngoba umnsalo uvele ubuyele entanjeni, umsindo ufushane, u-jerky. Kusuka ku-S. umuntu kufanele ahlukanise i-bow stroke sautillé (sautilli, isiFulentshi, kusukela ku- sautiller - jump, bounce), futhi eyingxenye yeqembu lemivimbo "ye-jumping". Lokhu kushaywa kwenziwa ukunyakaza okusheshayo nokuncane komnsalo, ilele entanjeni futhi iphinde ibuyele kancane ngenxa yokunwebeka kanye…

Isichazamazwi izigaba imigomo nemiqondo Italian, ovuthayo. - iqinisiwe, futhi ivinjelwe, igxilile; abbr. - njalo. Ukuqokwa okwenziwe. Ibonisa ukuthi umsindo ngamunye ugcinwa ezingeni elifanayo levolumu (ngaphandle kokucisha) uze uphele. I-S. ivimbela ukushesha futhi ngakho-ke ngokuvamile isho i-tempo emaphakathi (i-Roso sostenuto ekuqaleni kwe-symphony ka-Beethoven yesi-7 kanye ne-symphony yokuqala ye-Brahms). Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni kwe-symphony yesi-1 ka-PI Tchaikovsky, igama elithi sostenuto libonisa ngokuyinhloko ubude bemisindo, hhayi uhlobo "lwe-fanfare" lokusebenza. Ezimweni lapho igama elithi "S". kuhlanganiswe nokuqokwa kwe-tempo, ch. ar. okulingene, isib. i-andante sostenuto, njengomthetho, isho uswebezane oluthile…

Izigaba zesichazamazwi amagama nemibono sforzato, forzato (sforzato, forzato, ital., from sforzare, forzare - strain strength; abbr. Ikhulu le-19 kanye ne-rinforzando (rin-forzato) ngokuvamile ithathwa njengelingana ne-sforzato piano (sfp), okungukuthi i-sf elandelwa upiyano. abbr. ffz, sffz).

Isichazamazwi izigaba imigomo nemiqondo Italian, ovuthayo. - oboshiwe; abbr. rit. Ukuqokwa kokunciphisa i-tempo esetshenziswa ekubhaleni komculo, ngokungafani ne-rallentando ne-ritardando, ayibushelelezi, kancane kancane, kodwa iyashesha, cishe ngokushesha. Libuye lisetshenziswe kuhlanganiswe negama elithi roso (kancane). I-tempo entsha, enensayo igcinwa ngaphandle kwezinguquko kuze kube yilapho kubizwa i-tempo, echaza ukubuyisela ku-tempo yangaphambilini. Njengoba isifinyezo esithi R. (rit.) sihambisana nesifinyezo esithi ritardando, lapho esichaza, umenzi kufanele ahambisane namamuses akhe. ukunambitha.