Ubuhle |

I-VIRTUOSIS (i-Italian virtuoso, evela ku-Latin virtus - amandla, ubuqhawe, ithalente) - umculi odlalayo (kanye nanoma yimuphi umculi, umculi, umpetha ngokujwayelekile), oyingcweti kumasu omsebenzi wakhe. Ngomqondo onembe kakhudlwana wegama: ingcweti ngesibindi (okungukuthi, ngesibindi) enqoba ubuchwepheshe. ubunzima. Incazelo yesimanje yegama elithi “B.” etholwe kuphela ngekhulu le-18. Ekhulwini le-17 e-Italy, u-V. wayebizwa ngokuthi umdwebi noma usosayensi ovelele; ekupheleni kwalelo khulu leminyaka, umculi okhokhelwayo, ngokungafani nomuntu oyimfundamakhwela; kamuva, umculi oculayo, ngokungafani nomqambi. Kodwa-ke, njengomthetho, ngekhulu le-17 nele-18, futhi ngokwengxenye ngekhulu le-19. Abaqambi abakhulu kunabo bonke babengabaqambi abakhulu ngesikhathi esifanayo (JS Bach, GF Handel, D. Scarlatti, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, F. Liszt, nabanye).

Isimangalo somculi-V. exhunywe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nogqozi lobuciko oluheha izethameli futhi lube neqhaza ekuchazeni okuhlaba umxhwele kwemisebenzi. Kulokhu ihluke kakhulu kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi. ubuhle, ngobuciko be-krom. inani lomculo nokusebenza lihlehlela ngemuva ngisho nobuchwepheshe obudelayo. ikhono lomdlalo. Ubuhle buthuthuke ngokuhambisana nobuhle. Ngekhulu le-17-18. yathola inkulumo ecacile ngesiNtaliyane. i-opera (abaculi be-castrati). Ngekhulu le-19, mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwe-romanticism. art-va, virtuoso uzokwenza. ubungcweti sebufinyelele i-apogee; kusho kanyekanye. indawo ebuhleni bomculo naye wathatha impilo yakhe, okwaholela ekuqondeni kwe-salon-virtuoso. Ngaleso sikhathi yazibonakalisa ikakhulukazi esifundeni se-FP. ukusebenza. Imikhiqizo esebenzisekayo ivamise ukuguqulwa ngokungafanele, ihlanekezelwe, ifakwe amavesi amahle avumela umdlali wopiyano ukuthi abonise ukushelela kweminwe yakhe, ukuduma kwezulu, ama-octave e-bravura, njll. Kwakukhona ngisho nohlobo olukhethekile lwamamuse. izincwadi - imidlalo yomlingisi we-salon-virtuoso, enenani elincane kwezobuciko. inhlonipho, ehloselwe kuphela ukukhombisa indlela yokudlala yomdlali oqamba lezi zingcezu ("Impi Yasolwandle", "Impi YaseJemappe", "Ukubhujiswa KweMoscow" nguSteibelt, "The Crazy" Kalkbrenner, "The Lion Awakening" ka-An. Kontsky, “Butterflies” nokulotshwe nguRosenthal nokunye).

Ithonya elonakalisayo elivezwa ubuhle ekuthandweni komphakathi lavusa imvelo. ukucasuka kanye nemibhikisho ebukhali evela kubaculi abanohlonze (ETA Hoffmann, R. Schumann, G. Berlioz, F. Liszt, R. Wagner, VF Odoevsky, AN Serov), kwabangela isimo sengqondo sokungakholwa ngobuhle obunjalo: basebenzisa igama elithi V. ngokuyindida. ukuhlela, ukulihumusha njengokusola. Ngokuphathelene nabaculi abakhulu, ngokuvamile basebenzisa igama elithi "V." kuphela ngokuhambisana ne-epithet "iqiniso".

Amasampula e-Classic of virtuosity yangempela - umdlalo ka-N. Paganini, F. Liszt (ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa); abadlali abaningi abavelele besikhathi esilandelayo kufanele futhi baqashelwe njengo-V wangempela.

References: I-Hoffmann ETA, i-Trios emibili ye-pianoforte, i-violin ne-cello op. 70, nguL. van Beethoven. Buyekeza, «Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung», 1812/1813, то же, в кн.: Е.Т.A. imibhalo yomculo kaHoffmann, Tl 3, Regensburg, 1921; Wagner R., I-Virtuoso kanye Nomculi, Imibhalo Eqoqiwe, Umq. 7, Lpz., 1914, amakhasi 63-76; Weissmann A., The Virtuoso, В., 1918; Вlaukopf К., great virtuosos, W., 1954,2 1957; Pincherle M., Le monde des virtuoses, P., 1961.

GM Kogan