Pierre Gaviniès |

Pierre Gavinies

Omunye wabadlali bevayolini abakhulu baseFrance bekhulu le-1789 kwakunguPierre Gavignier. UFayol umfanisa noCorelli, Tartini, Punyani kanye noViotti, emnikeza umdwebo ohlukile wokuphila kwakhe. U-Lionel de la Laurencie unikela isahluko sonke ku-Gavinier emlandweni wesiko le-violin yesiFulentshi. Ama-biography amaningi abhalwe ngaye ngabacwaningi baseFrance bangekhulu le-XNUMX-XNUMX. Intshisekelo ekhuphukile ku-Gavigne akuyona ingozi. Ungumuntu ovelele kakhulu enhlanganweni ye-Enlightenment emaka umlando wamasiko aseFrance engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Njengoba eqale umsebenzi wakhe ngesikhathi lapho i-French absolutism ibonakala ingenakunyakaziswa, u-Gavignier wabona ukuwa kwayo ngo-XNUMX.

Umngane kaJean-Jacques Rousseau kanye nomlandeli oshisekayo wefilosofi yama-encyclopedist, izimfundiso zakhe zacekela phansi izisekelo zemibono yezikhulu futhi zaba nomthelela ekuguqukeni kwezwe, uGavignier waba ufakazi futhi wabamba iqhaza “ezimpini” ezinonya kuleli. umkhakha wezobuciko, owavela kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe kusukela ku-rococo yezicukuthwane kuya kuma-opera amangalisayo u-Gluck nokunye - kuya ku-civilism yobuqhawe yenkathi yenguquko. Naye wahamba ngendlela efanayo, esabela ngokuzwela kukho konke okuthuthukile nokuqhubekayo. Eqala ngemisebenzi yesitayela esiwubuqhawe, wafinyelela izinkondlo ezizwelayo zohlobo lwe-Rousseau, idrama ka-Gluck kanye nezici zobuqhawe ze-classicism. Wabuye wabonakala ngesici sokucabangela sabalandeli bakudala baseFrance, okuthi, ngokusho kukaBuquin, "sinikeze isithombe esikhethekile emculweni, njengengxenye ebalulekile yesifiso esikhulu senkathi yasendulo."

UPierre Gavignier wazalwa ngoMeyi 11, 1728 eBordeaux. Uyise, uFrancois Gavinier, wayengumenzi wezinsimbi onethalente, futhi umfana wakhulela phakathi kwezinsimbi zomculo. Ngo-1734 umndeni wathuthela eParis. UPierre wayeneminyaka engu-6 ubudala ngaleso sikhathi. Ubani ngempela owafunda i-violin akwaziwa. Imibhalo ibonisa kuphela ukuthi ngo-1741, uGavignier oneminyaka engu-13 ubudala wanikeza amakhonsathi amabili (owesibili ngo-September 8) ehholo le-Concert Spirituel. U-Lorancey, nokho, ukholelwa ngokunengqondo ukuthi umsebenzi womculo kaGavignier waqala okungenani unyaka noma emibili ngaphambili, ngoba intsha engaziwa yayingeke ivunyelwe ukwenza ehholo lekhonsathi elidumile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhonsathini yesibili, uGavinier wadlala kanye nomculi we-violini odumile waseFrance u-L. Abbe (indodana) i-Sonata kaLeclerc ngamaviyolini amabili, okungobunye ubufakazi bodumo lomculi osemusha. Izincwadi zikaCartier ziqukethe izinkomba zemininingwane eyodwa enelukuluku: ekhonsathini yokuqala, u-Gavignier wenza i-debut yakhe ngama-caprice ka-Locatelli kanye nekhonsathi ka-F. Geminiani. UCartier uthi umqambi, owayeseParis ngaleso sikhathi, wayefisa ukuphathisa ukusebenza kwale khonsathi kuphela kuGavignier, naphezu kobusha bakhe.

Ngemuva kokusebenza kuka-1741, igama likaGavignier liyanyamalala kumaphosta we-Concert Spirituel kuze kube yintwasahlobo ka-1748. Ube esenikeza amakhonsathi anomsebenzi omkhulu kuze kufike ku-1753. Kusukela ngo-1753 kuze kufike entwasahlobo ka-1759, ikhefu elisha emsebenzini wekhonsathi we-violinist uyalandela. Inqwaba yababhali bakhe bomlando bathi waphoqeleka ukuthi ashiye eParis ngasese ngenxa yohlobo oluthile lwendaba yothando, kodwa, ngaphambi kokuthi ahambe aye kumaligi ama-4, waboshwa futhi wachitha unyaka wonke ejele. Izifundo zikaLorancey aziyiqinisekisi le ndaba, kodwa futhi aziyiphikisi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukunyamalala okungaqondakali komdlali wevayolini eParis kusebenza njengesiqiniseko esingaqondile sakho. NgokukaLaurency, lokhu kungenzeka phakathi kuka-1753 no-1759. Isikhathi sokuqala (1748-1759) saletha uGavignier ukuthandwa okukhulu eParis yomculo. Abalingani bakhe kwezokulingisa bangabadlali abakhulu abafana noPierre Guignon, L. Abbe (indodana), uJean-Baptiste Dupont, umtshingo uBlavet, umculi uMademoiselle Fell, acula naye ephindelela i-Second Concerto yaseMondonville yeViolin kanye neVoice with Orchestra. Uqhudelana ngokuphumelelayo noGaetano Pugnani, owafika eParis ngo-1753. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanye amazwi agxekayo ngokumelene naye ayesazwakala ngaleso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye sezibuyekezo zika-1752, welulekwa ukuba "ahambe" ukuthuthukisa amakhono akhe. Ukubukeka okusha kukaGavignier esiteji sekhonsathi ngo-Ephreli 5, 1759 ekugcineni kwaqinisekisa isikhundla sakhe esivelele phakathi kwama-violinists aseFrance naseYurophu. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, kuphela izibuyekezo ezishiseka kakhulu ezivela kuye; uqhathaniswa noLeclerc, Punyani, Ferrari; UVotti, ngemva kokulalela umdlalo kaGavignier, wambiza ngokuthi "French Tartini".

Imisebenzi yakhe ibuye ihlolwe kahle. Ukuduma okumangalisayo, okwahlala engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-1759, kutholwa yi-Romance for Violin yakhe, ayenza ngokungena okukhethekile. Ezothando kukhulunywe ngazo okokuqala ekubuyekezweni kwe-XNUMX, kodwa kakade njengomdlalo ozuze uthando lwezithameli: “UMonsieur Gavignier wenze ikhonsathi yengoma yakhe. Izilaleli zamlalela zithule futhi zashaya ihlombe kabili, zacela ukuphinda i-Romance. Emsebenzini kaGavignier wenkathi yokuqala kwakusenezici eziningi zesitayela esihlakaniphile, kodwa ku-Romance kwaba khona ukuphendukela kuleso sitayela somculo esaholela ekuzweleni futhi kwavela njengokuphikisa ukuzwela okuhloniphekile kweRococo.

Kusukela ngo-1760, Gavignier waqala ukushicilela imisebenzi yakhe. Eyokuqala yazo iqoqo elithi "6 Sonatas for Violin Solo with Bass", elinikezelwe kuBaron Lyatan, isikhulu se-French Guards. Ngokwesimo, esikhundleni seziqephu eziphakeme nezicashile ezivame ukuthathwa kulolu hlobo lokuqalwa, uGavignier uzivalela ngesizotha nesigcwele isithunzi esicashile ngala mazwi: “Into ethile kulo msebenzi ingivumela ukuba ngicabange ngokwaneliseka ukuthi uzokwamukela njengobufakazi bokuthi imizwa yami yangempela ngawe” . Ngokuphathelene nemibhalo kaGavignier, abagxeki baphawula ikhono lakhe lokushintshashintsha ngokungapheli isihloko esikhethiwe, esibonisa konke ngendlela entsha nentsha.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngama-60s ukunambitheka kwezivakashi zehholo lekhonsathi kwase kushintsha kakhulu. Ukuthakasela kwangaphambili "nge-arias ekhangayo" yesitayela se-Rococo esinobuqhawe nesibucayi kuyadlula, futhi ukukhangwa okukhulu kakhulu kwezingoma kuyembulwa. Ekhonsathini Spirituel, umculi we-ogani u-Balbair wenza amakhonsathi kanye nezinhlelo eziningi zezingoma zomculo, kuyilapho umshayi wehabhu u-Hochbrücker enza umbhalo wakhe wehabhu le-lyric minuet Exode, njll. Futhi kulokhu kunyakaza kusuka ku-Rococo kuya ku-sentimentalism yohlobo lwakudala, u-Gavignier wabamba iqhaza kude nendawo yokugcina.

Ngo-1760, uGavinier uzama (kanye kuphela) ukuqambela indawo yeshashalazi. Ubhale umculo wamahlaya kaRiccoboni onezigigaba ezintathu “Imaginary” (“Le Pretendu”). Kwabhalwa ngomculo wakhe ukuthi nakuba ungemusha, uhlukaniswa ngama-ritornellos anamandla, ukujula komzwelo kuma-trios nama-quartet, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-piquant ku-arias.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-60, abaculi abaphawulekayo uKaneran, uJoliveau noDovergne baqokwa njengabaqondisi beConcert Spirituel. Ngokufika kwabo, umsebenzi walesi sikhungo sekhonsathi uba mkhulu kakhulu. Uhlobo olusha lukhula kancane kancane, oluhloselwe ikusasa elihle - i-symphony. Phezulu kwe-orchestra kukhona uGavignier, njengebhendi ye-violin yokuqala, kanye nomfundi wakhe uCaron - wesibili. I-orchestra ithola ukuguquguquka kangangokuthi, ngokukamagazini womculo waseParis i-Mercury, akusadingeki ukukhombisa ukuqala kwesilinganiso ngasinye ngomnsalo lapho udlala ama-symphonies.

Ibinzana elicashuniwe lomfundi wesimanje lidinga incazelo. Kusukela ngesikhathi sikaLully eFrance, futhi hhayi ku-opera kuphela, kodwa nase-Concert Spirituel, i-orchestra yayilawulwa ngokuqinile ngokushaya isigqi esikhethekile, okuthiwa i-battuta. Yasinda kwaze kwaba ngama-70s. Umqhubi we-opera yesiFulentshi wayebizwa ngokuthi “i-batteur de mesure” kuyi-opera yesiFulentshi. Ukuklabalasa okudabukisayo kwe-trampoline kwaduma ehholo, futhi abantu baseParis abaqinile banikeza umqhubi we-opera isiteketiso esithi “umgawuli wokhuni.” Ngendlela, ukushaya isikhathi nge-battuta kwabangela ukufa kukaLully, owalimaza umlenze wakhe ngakho, okwabangela ubuthi begazi. Esikhathini sikaGavignier, lolu hlobo oludala lobuholi be-orchestra lwase luqala ukuphela, ikakhulukazi ekuculweni kwe-symphonic. Imisebenzi yomqhubi, njengomthetho, yaqala ukwenziwa ngu-accompanist - i-violinist, eyabonisa ukuqala kwebha ngomnsalo. Futhi manje inkulumo ethi "Mercury" iyacaca. Eqeqeshwe nguGavignier noKapron, amalungu e-orchestra ayengadingi nje kuphela ukuqhuba i-battuta, kodwa futhi abonise ukushaya ngomnsalo: i-orchestra yaphenduka yaba yiqembu eliphelele.

Ngama-60s, uGavinier njengomdlali usezingeni eliphezulu lodumo. Ukubuyekezwa kuphawula izimfanelo ezingavamile zomsindo wakhe, ukukhululeka kwekhono lobuchwepheshe. U-Gavignier waziswa kancane futhi njengomqambi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, wayemelela isiqondiso esithuthuke kakhulu, kanye nentsha yaseGossec neDuport, evula indlela yesitayela sakudala emculweni wesiFulentshi.

UGossec, uCaron, uDuport, uGavignier, uBoccherini, noManfredi, ababehlala eParis ngo-1768, bakha umbuthano oseduze owawuvame ukuhlangana esalon kaBaron Ernest von Bagge. Isibalo sikaBaron Bagge sinelukuluku kakhulu. Lolu bekuwuhlobo olujwayelekile lomlandeli ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, owahlela isaluni yomculo ekhaya lakhe, edume kulo lonke elaseParis. Ngethonya elikhulu emphakathini nasekuxhumaneni, wasiza abaculi abaningi abasafufusa ukuba basukume. I-salon ye-baron yayiwuhlobo "lwesiteji sokuhlola", lapho abadlali bathola khona ukufinyelela ku-"Concert Spirituel". Kodwa-ke, abaculi baseParis abavelele bakhangwa kuye ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu ngemfundo yakhe ye-encyclopedic. Akumangalisi ukuthi umbuthano wawubuthene esaluni yakhe, ukhanya ngamagama abaculi abavelele baseParis. Omunye umxhasi wobuciko bohlobo olufanayo kwakungumabhange waseParis La Poupliniere. UGavignier naye wayesondelene kakhulu naye. “UPupliner wazithathela yena amakhonsathi omculo aphambili ayaziwa ngaleso sikhathi; abaculi bahlala naye futhi balungiselela ndawonye ekuseni, ngokumangalisayo ngokuthula, lawo ma-symphonies ayezodlalwa kusihlwa. Bonke abaculi abanekhono abavela e-Italy, abadlali be-violin, abahlabeleli nabahlabeleli bamukelwa, babekwe endlini yakhe, lapho baphakelwa khona, futhi wonke umuntu wazama ukugqama kumakhonsathi akhe.

Ngo-1763, uGavignier wahlangana noLeopold Mozart, owafika lapha eParis, i-violinist edume kakhulu, umbhali wesikole esidumile, esihunyushwe ezilimini eziningi zaseYurophu. U-Mozart wakhuluma ngaye njenge-virtuoso enkulu. Ukuthandwa kukaGavignier njengomqambi kungahlulelwa ngenani lemisebenzi yakhe eyenziwe. Babevame ukufakwa ezinhlelweni zikaBert (March 29, 1765, March 11, April 4 and September 24, 1766), i-violinist eyimpumputhe uFlitzer, u-Alexander Dön, nabanye. Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, lolu hlobo lokuthandwa aluyona into eyenzeka njalo.

Echaza umlingiswa kaGavinier, uLorancey ubhala ukuthi wayehloniphekile, ethembekile, enomusa futhi engenakho ubuhlakani ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwakamuva kwabonakaliswa ngokusobala mayelana nendaba evusa amadlingozi e-Paris ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60s mayelana nomsebenzi wokupha u-Bachelier. Ngo-1766, u-Bachelier wanquma ukusungula isikole sokudweba lapho abaculi abasha baseParis, abangenazo izindlela, bangathola khona imfundo. UGavignier waba neqhaza elikhulu ekwakhiweni kwesikole. Wahlela amakhonsathi angu-5 aheha kuwo abaculi abavelele; Legros, Duran, Besozzi, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, i-orchestra enkulu. Imali etholwe kula makhonsathi yangena esikhwameni sesikole. Njengoba i-"Mercury" yabhala, "abaculi abakanye nabo babumbene ngalesi senzo sobucukuthwane." Udinga ukwazi imikhuba eyayikhona phakathi kwabaculi bekhulu le-XVIII ukuze uqonde ukuthi kwakunzima kangakanani kuGavinier ukwenza iqoqo elinjalo. Phela, uGavignier waphoqa ozakwabo ukuba banqobe ubandlululo lokuhlukaniswa kwezigaba zomculo futhi basize abafowabo ngobuciko obungavamile.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-70, izenzakalo ezinkulu zenzeka ekuphileni kukaGavignier: ukulahlekelwa uyise, owashona ngo-September 27, 1772, futhi ngokushesha - ngo-March 28, 1773 - kanye nonina. Ngalesi sikhathi izindaba zezezimali ze "Concert Spirituel" zawa futhi uGavignier, kanye noLe Duc noGossec, baqokwa abaqondisi besikhungo. Naphezu kosizi lomuntu siqu, uGavinier waqala ukusebenza ngenkuthalo. Abaqondisi abasha bathole imvume yokuqashisa kumasipala waseParis futhi baqinisa ukwakheka kwe-orchestra. UGavignier uhole ivayolini yokuqala, uLe Duc owesibili. Ngo-March 25, 1773, ikhonsathi yokuqala ehlelwe ubuholi obusha be-Concert Spirituel yenzeka.

Ngemva kokuthola ifa labazali bakhe, uGavignier waphinde wabonisa izimfanelo zakhe zemvelo zomuntu ophethe isiliva nomuntu onomusa ongokomoya ongavamile. Uyise, ongumenzi wamathuluzi, wayenekhasimende elikhulu eParis. Kube nenani elilinganayo lezikweletu ezingakhokhiwe ezivela kwabakweletayo emaphepheni kamufi. UGavinier wabaphonsa emlilweni. Ngokusho kwabantu besikhathi, lokhu kwakuyisenzo sokunganaki, ngoba phakathi kwabakweleta kwakungewona nje abantu abampofu ngempela abakuthola kunzima ukukhokha izikweletu, kodwa futhi nezicukuthwane ezicebile ezazingafuni ukuzikhokhela.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1777, ngemva kokushona kukaLe Duc, uGavignier noGossec bashiya umqondisi weConcert Spirituel. Kodwa-ke, babelindelwe yinkinga enkulu yezezimali: ngephutha lomculi u-Legros, inani lesivumelwano sokuqashisa ne-Bureau yaseParis laseParis lakhuphuka laba ngama-livres angu-6000, okubangelwa ibhizinisi lonyaka lekhonsathi. U-Gavignier, owabona lesi sinqumo njengokungabi nabulungisa nenhlamba ayethunjwe yona mathupha, wakhokhela amalungu e-orchestra konke okwakufanele akwenze kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kobuholi bakhe, wenqaba ukuvuna wona enkokhelweni yakhe yokugcina amakhonsathi ayi-5. Ngenxa yalokho, wathatha umhlalaphansi engasenayo nhlobo indlela yokuziphilisa. Wasindiswa ebumpofu ngemali engalindelekile engama-livres ayi-1500, ayishiyelwa uMadame de la Tour, umthandi oshisekayo wethalente lakhe. Nokho, impesheni yabelwa ngo-1789, futhi ukuthi wayithola yini lapho kuqala uguquko akwaziwa. Cishe akunjalo, ngoba wakhonza ku-orchestra yeTheatre ye-Rue Louvois ngemali engama-livre angu-800 ngonyaka - inani elingaphezu kwenani elincane ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uGavignier akazange abone ukuthi isikhundla sakhe silulaza futhi akazange alahlekelwe yinhliziyo.

Phakathi kwabaculi baseParis, uGavignier wajabulela inhlonipho nothando olukhulu. Ekuphakameni kwenguquko, abafundi bakhe nabangane banquma ukuhlela ikhonsathi yokuhlonipha i-maestro asebekhulile futhi wamema abaculi be-opera ngale njongo. Kwakungekho noyedwa umuntu owayengenqaba ukucula: abaculi, abadansi, kuze kufike kuGardel noVestris, banikela ngezinkonzo zabo. Benza uhlelo olukhulu lwekhonsathi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kwakufanele kwenziwe i-ballet Telemak. Lesi simemezelo siveze ukuthi kuzodlalwa ingoma kaGavinier edume ngelikaGavinier ethi, “Romance” namanje esemilonyeni yawo wonke umuntu. Uhlelo olusasele lwekhonsathi lubanzi kakhulu. Kubandakanya “i-symphony entsha ka-Haydn”, izinombolo zezwi nezinsimbi. I-symphony yekhonsathi yama-violin amabili ne-orchestra yayidlalwa "abazalwane baseKreutzer" - uRodolphe odumile nomfowabo uJean-Nicolas, naye owayengumdlali weviolini onekhono.

Ngonyaka wesithathu wenguquko, iSivumelwano sabelwa isamba esikhulu semali ukuze kugcinwe ososayensi abavelele kanye namaciko aseriphabhulikhi. UGavignier, kanye noMonsigny, uPuto, uMartini, wayephakathi kwabahola impesheni erenki yokuqala, ababehola ama-livre angu-3000 ngonyaka.

Ngomhlaka 18 Brumaire wonyaka wesi-8 weriphabhulikhi (November 1793, 1784), kwavulwa iNational Institute of Music (i-future conservatory) eParis. I-Institute, njengokungathi, izuze i-Royal School of Singing, ekhona kusukela ngo-1794. Ekuqaleni kuka-XNUMX uGavignier wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba uprofesa wokudlala i-violin. Wahlala kulesi sikhundla kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. UGavinier wazinikela ekufundiseni ngentshiseko futhi, naphezu kokukhula kwakhe, wathola amandla okuqhuba nokuba phakathi kwejaji lokusabalalisa imiklomelo emiqhudelwaneni ye-conservatory.

Njengomdlali wevayolini, u-Gavignier ugcine ukuhamba kwesu kuze kube yizinsuku zokugcina. Unyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, waqamba i-"24 matine" - ama-etudes adumile, asacwaningwa kuma-conservatories namuhla. U-Gavignier uyenza nsuku zonke, kodwa nokho anzima kakhulu futhi afinyeleleka kuphela kubashayi bevayolini abanekhono elithuthuke kakhulu.

UGavignier washona ngo-September 8, 1800. I-Musical Paris ilila lokhu kulahlekelwa. Inkampani yomngcwabo ibihanjelwe nguGossek, Megul, Cherubini, Martini, abeze ukuzohlonipha okokugcina umngani wabo ongasekho. UGossek wanikeza i-eulogy. Yaphela kanjalo-ke impilo yomunye wama-violinists amakhulu wekhulu le-XVIII.

U-Gavignier wayegulela ukufa ezungezwe abangani, abantu abathandwayo nabafundi emzini wakhe ongaphezu nje ophansi e-Rue Saint-Thomas, eduze kwaseLouvre. Ubehlala esitezi sesibili efulethini elinamagumbi amabili. Impahla ephaseji yayihlanganisa ipotimende elidala lokuhamba (elingenalutho), indawo yokubeka umculo, izihlalo eziningi zotshani, ikhabethe elincane; ekamelweni kwakukhona itafula lokugqoka likashimula, izinti zamakhandlela zethusi, itafula elincane le-fir-wood, unobhala, usofa, izihlalo ezine nezihlalo ezibekwe e-Utrecht velvet, kanye nombhede ompofu ngokoqobo: usofa omdala onemihlane emibili, omboziwe. ngendwangu. Yonke impahla ibingabiza ama-franc angama-75.

Ohlangothini lweziko, kwakukhona nekhabethe elinezinto ezihlukahlukene ezinqwabelene enqwabeni - amakholomu, amasokisi, izindondo ezimbili ezinezithombe zikaRousseau noVoltaire, "Izivivinyo" zikaMontaigne, njll. eyodwa, igolide, nesithombe sikaHenry. IV, enye inesithombe sikaJean-Jacques Rousseau. Ekhabetheni kusetshenziswa izinto ezinenani lama-francs angama-49. Umcebo omkhulu kunayo yonke ifa lika-Gavignier ivayolini ka-Amati, ama-violin angu-4 kanye ne-viola kayise.

I-biographies kaGavinier ibonisa ukuthi wayenobuciko obukhethekile bokuheha abesifazane. Kwakubonakala sengathi “wayephila ngabo futhi ephilela bona.” Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, wayehlala engumFulentshi weqiniso esimweni sakhe sengqondo sobuhle ngabesifazane. Esimweni esingenangqondo nesonakele, okuyisici esingaka somphakathi waseFrance wamashumi eminyaka angaphambi kokuguquguquka, endaweni enenhlonipho evulekile, u-Gavignier wayehlukile. Wayehlukaniswa ngumlingiswa ozidlayo nozimele. Imfundo ephakeme kanye nengqondo egqamile kwamsondeza kubantu ababekhanyiselwe ngaleso sikhathi. Wayevame ukubonakala endlini kaPupliner, uBaron Bagge, enoJean-Jacques Rousseau, ababenobuhlobo obuseduze naye. UFayol ukhuluma iqiniso elihlekisayo ngalokhu.

U-Rousseau uzazise kakhulu izingxoxo nomculi. Ngolunye usuku wathi: “Gavinier, ngiyazi ukuthi uyawathanda ama-cutlets; Ngiyakumema ukuthi uzowanambitha.” Lapho efika e-Rousseau, u-Gavinier wamthola ethosa ama-cutlets esivakashi ngezandla zakhe. U-Laurency ugcizelela ukuthi wonke umuntu wayazi kahle ukuthi kwakunzima kangakanani ngoRousseau ovamile ukuba nobudlelwane nabantu.

Ukufutheka okwedlulele kuka-Gavinier ngezinye izikhathi kwakumenza angabi nabulungisa, acasuke, acasuke, kodwa konke lokhu kwakumbozwe umusa omangalisayo, izikhulu, kanye nokusabela. Wazama ukusiza wonke umuntu oswele futhi wakwenza ngokungenasithakazelo. Ukusabela kwakhe kwakuyinganekwane, futhi umusa wakhe wawuzwiwa yibo bonke ababemzungezile. Abanye wayebasiza ngezeluleko, abanye ngemali, abanye ngokuphothula izinkontileka ezinemali eningi. Isimo sakhe sengqondo - ukujabula, ukuvuleka, ukuhlalisana - wahlala enjalo kwaze kwaba sekugugeni kwakhe. Ukukhononda kwekhehla kwakungaveli kuyena. Kwamnikeza ukwaneliseka kwangempela ukukhokha isigqoko kubaculi abasebasha, wayenobubanzi obuhlukile bemibono, umuzwa omuhle kakhulu wesikhathi kanye nokusha okwakulethela ubuciko bakhe abuthandayo.

Ukhona njalo ekuseni. egxile ekufundiseni; wasebenza nabafundi ngesineke esimangalisayo, ukubekezela, intshiseko. Abafundi babemkhonze futhi abaphuthelwa nesisodwa isifundo. Wabasekela ngazo zonke izindlela, wagxilisa ukholo kuye, empumelelweni, esikhathini esizayo sobuciko. Lapho ebona umculi onekhono, wamthatha njengomfundi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunzima kangakanani kuye. Ngemva kokuzwa u-Alexander Bush osemusha, wathi kuyise: "Le ngane iyisimangaliso sangempela, futhi izoba omunye wabaculi bokuqala besikhathi sakhe. Nginike. Ngifuna ukuqondisa izifundo zakhe ukuze ngisize ukuthuthukisa ubuhlakani bakhe bokuqala, futhi umsebenzi wami uzoba lula ngempela, ngoba umlilo ongcwele uyavutha kuye.

Ukungabi nandaba kwakhe ngokuphelele nemali kwabathinta nabafundi bakhe: “Akazange avume ukuthatha imali kulabo abazinikele emculweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayehlale ekhetha abafundi abampofu kunabacebile, ngezinye izikhathi ayebalinda amahora amaningi aze yena ngokwakhe aqede amakilasi nomculi othile osemusha entula imali.

Wayehlale ecabanga ngomfundi nangekusasa lakhe, futhi uma ebona ukuthi othile wayengakwazi ukudlala ivayolini, wayezama ukumdlulisela kwenye insimbi. Eziningi zazigcinwa ngokoqobo ngezindleko zazo futhi njalo, nyanga zonke, zihlinzekwa ngemali. Akumangalisi ukuthi uthisha onjalo waba umsunguli wesikole sonke se-violinists. Sizokwenza igama kuphela brilliant kakhulu, amagama abo zaziwa kabanzi ngekhulu XVIII. Lawa ngoCapron, Lemierre, Mauriat, Bertom, Pasible, Le Duc (senior), Abbé Robineau, Guerin, Baudron, Imbo.

UGavinier umculi wayethakaselwa ngabaculi abavelele baseFrance. Lapho eneminyaka engu-24 kuphela ubudala, uL. Daken akazange abhale imigqa ye-dithyrambic ngaye: “Yeka imisindo oyizwayo! Yeka umnsalo! Yeka amandla, umusa! Lona nguBaptiste ngokwakhe. Wathatha wonke umphefumulo wami, ngijabule! Ukhuluma nenhliziyo; konke kuyacwebezela ngaphansi kweminwe yakhe. Wenza umculo wesiNtaliyane nesiFulentshi ngokulingana nokuzethemba okulinganayo. Yeka ama-cadences amahle! Futhi inganekwane yakhe, ethinta inhliziyo futhi enesisa? Kuze kube nini izimbali ze-laurel, ngaphandle kwezinhle kakhulu, zihlangene ukuze zihlobise i-brow encane kangaka? Akukho okungenakwenzeka kuye, angakwazi ukulingisa yonke into (okungukuthi ukuqonda zonke izitayela - LR). Angazidlula yena kuphela. Wonke uParis uza egijima ezomlalela futhi akezwa ngokwanele, ujabule kakhulu. Ngaye, umuntu angasho nje ukuthi ithalenta alilindi ithunzi leminyaka ... "

Futhi nakhu okunye ukubuyekezwa, okungafani ne-dithyrambic: “UGavinier kusukela azalwa unazo zonke izimfanelo umdlali wevayolini angase azifisele: ukunambitheka okungenakuqhathaniswa, indlela yesandla sokunxele neyomnsalo; ufunda kahle kakhulu eshidini, uqonda kalula zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, akubizi lutho ukuze asebenzise amasu anzima kakhulu, ukuthuthukiswa okufanele abanye bachithe isikhathi eside befunda. Ukudlala kwakhe kuhlanganisa zonke izitayela, kuthinta ubuhle bephimbo, kushaye ngokusebenza.

Mayelana nekhono elingavamile likaGavinier lokwenza imisebenzi enzima kakhulu kuyashiwo kuyo yonke imibhalo yokuphila. Ngolunye usuku, lapho umNtaliyane efikile eParis, wanquma ukuyekethisa umshayi wevayolini. Emsebenzini wakhe, wahilela umalume wakhe, i-Marquis N. Phambi kwenkampani enkulu eyayibuthene kusihlwa eParisian financier Pupliner, eyayigcina i-orchestra ebabazekayo, i-Marquis yasikisela ukuba uGavignier adlale ikhonsathi eyabelwe le njongo ngokukhethekile. ngumqambi othile, onzima ngendlela emangalisayo, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, kubhalwe kabusha kabi ngenhloso. Ebheka amanothi, u-Gavignier ucele ukuhlela kabusha ukusebenza kosuku olulandelayo. Khona-ke i-marquis yaphawula ngokuhlekisayo ukuthi yasihlola isicelo somdlali wevayolini “njengendlela yokuhoxa yalabo abathi bayakwazi ukucula shazi noma yimuphi umculo abawunikezayo.” U-Hurt Gavignier, ngaphandle kokusho lutho, wathatha i-violin futhi wadlala ikhonsathi ngaphandle kokungabaza, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa inothi elilodwa. AbakwaMarquis bekufanele bavume ukuthi ukusebenza kuhle kakhulu. Nokho, uGavignier akazange ehlise umoya futhi, ephendukela kubaculi ababemphelezele, wathi: “Madoda, uMonsieur Marquis wangithela imvula yokubonga ngendlela engamenzela ngayo ikhonsathi, kodwa ngiwuthakasele kakhulu umbono kaMonsieur Marquis lapho. Ngizidlalela lo msebenzi. Qala phansi!" Futhi wadlala ikhonsathi ngendlela yokuthi lokhu, sekukonke, umsebenzi omncane uvele ngokukhanya okusha ngokuphelele, okuguquliwe. Kwaduma ihlombe okwakusho ukunqoba okuphelele kweciko.

Izimfanelo zokusebenza ze-Gavinier zigcizelela ubuhle, ukuvezwa kanye namandla omsindo. Omunye umgxeki wabhala ukuthi abadlali bevayolini abane baseParis, ababenephimbo elinamandla, ababedlala ngazwi linye, babengenakudlula uGavignier ngamandla okuzwakala nokuthi wayebusa ngokukhululekile i-orchestra yabaculi abangu-50. Kodwa wabanqoba abantu besikhathi sakhe ngisho nangokwengeziwe ngokungena, nokugqama komdlalo, ephoqa “njengokungathi ukhuluma futhi abubule i-violin yakhe.” U-Gavignier wayedume kakhulu ngokusebenza kwakhe kwe-adagios, izingcezu ezihamba kancane nezine-melancholic, njengoba besho ngaleso sikhathi, emkhakheni "womculo wenhliziyo".

Kodwa, ukubingelela okuyingxenye, isici esingavamile kakhulu sokubukeka kukaGavignier kufanele kuqashelwe njengomqondo wakhe ocashile wezitayela ezahlukene. Wayengaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe mayelana nalokhu futhi ebonakala ebheka maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX, lapho "ubuciko bokulingisa ngobuciko" buba inzuzo enkulu yabadlali.

Nokho, uGavignier wahlala eyindodana yangempela yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili; ukuzama kwakhe ukwenza izingoma ezivela ezikhathini ezahlukene kanye nabantu ngokungangabazeki kunesisekelo semfundo. Ethembekile emibonweni kaRousseau, ehlanganyela ifilosofi ye-Encyclopedist, uGavignier wazama ukudlulisela izimiso zayo ekusebenzeni kwakhe siqu, futhi ithalente lemvelo laba nomthelela ekufezekeni okuhlakaniphile kwalezi zifiso.

Wayenjalo uGavignier - umFulentshi wangempela, ebukekayo, ebukekayo, ehlakaniphile futhi ehlakaniphile, enenani elilinganayo lokungabaza kobuqili, indida, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo enobungane, enomusa, enesizotha, elula. Wayenjalo uGavignier omkhulu, uParis womculo ayemncoma futhi wayeziqhenya ngaye iminyaka eyikhulu.

L. Raaben