Henri Vieuxtemps |

Henry Vieuxtemps

Vietnam. Ikhonsathi. I-Allegro non troppo (Jascha Heifetz) →

Ngisho nomdlali wasemuva uJoachim wayebheka uVieuxtan njengomshayi wevayolini omkhulu; U-Auer wakhothama phambi kweViettan, emazisa kakhulu njengomculi nomqambi. Ku-Auer, i-Vietang ne-Spohr bekuyizinto zakudala zobuciko be-violin, "ngoba imisebenzi yabo, ngayinye ngendlela yayo, isebenza njengezibonelo zezikole ezihlukahlukene zokucabanga nokusebenza komculo."

Okumangalisa kakhulu indima yomlando yeVietnam ekuthuthukiseni isiko le-violin yaseYurophu. Ubeyingcweti ejulile, ehlukaniswa ngemibono eqhubekayo, futhi ukufaneleka kwakhe ekukhuthazeni ngokungakhathali imisebenzi efana nekhonsathi yevayolini namaquartets okugcina ka-Beethoven enkathini lapho enqatshwe khona ngisho nabaculi abaningi abakhulu kubaluleke kakhulu.

Mayelana nalokhu, uVieuxtan ungumanduleli oqondile weLaub, Joachim, Auer, okungukuthi, labo badlali abagomela izimiso ezingokoqobo kubuciko be-violin maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

UVietanne wazalelwa edolobheni elincane laseBelgium i-Verviers ngo-February 17, 1820. Uyise, uJean-Francois Vietain, umsebenzi wokwenza indwangu, wayedlalela umfundamakhwela ivayolini kahle, evame ukudlalwa emicimbini naseqenjini le-orchestra yesonto; Umama uMarie-Albertine Vietain, uvela emndenini wakwa-Anselm wofuzo - izingcweti zedolobha laseVerviers.

Ngokusho kwenganekwane yomndeni, lapho u-Henri eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wayekhala kangakanani, wayekwazi ukuthuliswa imisindo ye-violin ngaso leso sikhathi. Ngemva kokuthola amakhono omculo asobala, ingane yaqala ukufunda i-violin kusenesikhathi. Izifundo zokuqala wafundiswa nguyise, kodwa indodana yakhe yasheshe yamdlula ngobuchule. Ubaba wabe esephathisa uHenri kuLeclos-Dejon, umshayi wevayolini onguchwepheshe owayehlala eVerviers. I-philanthropist ecebile uM. Zhenin wabamba iqhaza elifudumele esiphethweni somculi osemusha, owavuma ukukhokhela izifundo zomfana noLeclou-Dejon. Uthisha wabonakala enekhono futhi wanika umfana isisekelo esihle sokudlala ivayolini.

Ngo-1826, lapho u-Henri eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala, ikhonsathi yakhe yokuqala yenzeka e-Verviers, futhi ngemva konyaka - eyesibili, e-Liege engumakhelwane (November 29, 1827). Impumelelo yaba nkulu kangangokuthi isihloko sikaM. Lansber savela ephephandabeni lendawo, sibhala ngokuncoma ngethalente elimangalisayo lomntwana. I-Gretry Society, ehholo okwakwenzelwa kulo ikhonsathi, yanikeza umfana umnsalo owawenziwe uF. Turt, owawunombhalo othi “Henri Vietan Gretry Society” njengesipho. Ngemuva kwamakhonsathi eVerviers naseLiege, i-prodigy yengane yayifiswa ukuthi izwakale enhlokodolobha yaseBelgium. NgoJanuwari 20, 1828, u-Henri, kanye noyise, baya eBrussels, lapho ephinda evuna khona ama-laurels. Abezindaba baphendula amakhonsathi akhe: “I-Courrier des Pays-Bas” kanye ne-“Journal d'Anvers” zibala ngomdlandla izimfanelo ezimangalisayo zokudlala kwakhe.

Ngokwezincazelo zababhali bokuphila kwabantu, uViettan wakhula eyingane ejabule. Naphezu kobunzima bezifundo zomculo, ngokuzithandela wayezibandakanya nemidlalo yezingane kanye nemigilingwane enjengeye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umculo ngezinye izikhathi wawunqoba ngisho nalapha. Ngolunye usuku, uHenri wabona ithoyizi leqhude efasiteleni lesitolo walithola njengesipho. Ebuyela ekhaya, wanyamalala ngokuzumayo futhi wavela phambi kwabantu abadala ngemva kwamahora angu-3 ephethe iphepha - lokhu kwakuyi-"opus" yakhe yokuqala - "Ingoma Yeqhude".

Ngesikhathi sokuqala kweViet Tang emkhakheni wezobuciko, abazali bakhe babhekana nobunzima obukhulu bezezimali. Ngo-September 4, 1822, kwazalwa intombazane okuthiwa uBarbara, futhi ngoJulayi 5, 1828, umfana, uJean-Joseph-Lucien. Kwakukhona ezinye izingane ezimbili - u-Isidore noMaria, kodwa zashona. Nokho, ngisho nabanye, umndeni wawuhlanganisa 5 abantu. Ngakho-ke, lapho, ngemva kokunqoba kweBrussels, uyise wanikezwa ukuthatha uHenri eHolland, wayengenayo imali eyanele yalokhu. Kwadingeka ngiphinde ngiphendukele kuZhenen ukuze ngithole usizo. Umxhasi akazange enqabe, futhi ubaba nendodana baya eHague, eRotterdam nase-Amsterdam.

E-Amsterdam, bahlangana noCharles Berio. Lapho ezwa uHenri, u-Berio wajabula ngethalente lomntwana futhi wathembisa ukumnikeza izifundo lapho wonke umndeni kwadingeka uthuthele eBrussels. Kulula ukusho! Ukuhlaliswa kabusha kudinga imali kanye nethemba lokuthola umsebenzi wokondla umndeni. Abazali bakaHenri banqikaza isikhathi eside, kodwa isifiso sokunikeza indodana yabo imfundo kuthisha ongavamile njengoBerio saba namandla. Ukufuduka kwenzeka ngo-1829.

UHenri wayengumfundi okhuthele futhi onokwazisa, futhi wakhonza uthisha kangangokuthi waqala ukuzama ukumlingisa. UClever Berio akakuthandanga lokhu. Wayenengwa yi-epigonism futhi wavikela ngomona ukuzimela ekubunjweni kobuciko bomculi. Ngakho-ke, kumfundi, wahlakulela ubuntu, emvikela ngisho nasethonyeni lakhe siqu. Eqaphela ukuthi wonke amazwi akhe aba umthetho kuHenri, ngokumthuka uyamkhuza: “Ngeshwa, uma ungikopisha kanjalo, uyosala uBerio omncane, kodwa kufanele ube nguwe.”

Ukukhathazeka kukaBerio ngomfundi kudlulela kukho konke. Ngokubona ukuthi umndeni wakwaVietan unesidingo, ufuna isikhwama sonyaka se-300 florins esivela eNkosini yaseBelgium.

Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zamakilasi, kakade ngo-1829, uBerio wayeyisa iVietana eParis. Uthisha nomfundi benza ndawonye. Abaculi abakhulu baseParis baqala ukukhuluma ngeViettan: “Le ngane,” kubhala uFetis, “inokuqina, ukuzethemba nokuhlanzeka, okuphawuleka ngempela ngeminyaka yayo; wazalelwa ukuba ngumculi.”

Ngo-1830, uBerio noMalibran bahamba baya e-Italy. IViet Tang ihlala ingenaye uthisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izenzakalo zoguquko zaleyo minyaka zawumisa okwesikhashana umsebenzi wekhonsathi kaHenri. Uhlala eBrussels, lapho ethonywa kakhulu imihlangano yakhe noMademoiselle Rage, umculi ohlakaniphile omethula emisebenzini kaHaydn, Mozart, noBeethoven. Nguye obambe iqhaza ekuzalweni eVietnam kothando olungapheli lwakudala, lukaBeethoven. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uVietang waqala ukutadisha ukwakheka, ukuqamba i-Concerto ye-Violin ne-Orchestra kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Ngeshwa, ulwazi lwakhe lomfundi aluzange lugcinwe.

Umdlalo we-Vieuxtaine wawusuvele uphelele ngaleso sikhathi kangangokuthi u-Berio, ngaphambi kokuhamba, weluleka uyise ukuthi angamniki u-Henri kuthisha futhi amshiye kuye ukuze abonise futhi alalele umdlalo wabaculi abakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ekugcineni, uBerio waphinda wakwazi ukuthola ama-franc angu-600 enkosini yaseViettan, okwavumela umculi osemusha ukuba aye eJalimane. EJalimane, uVietang walalela uSpohr, owayefinyelele ku-apogee yodumo, kanye noMolik noMaiseder. Lapho ubaba ebuza uMayseder ukuthi ukuthole kanjani ukuchazwa kwemisebenzi eyenziwa yindodana yakhe, waphendula: “Akayidlali ngendlela yami, kodwa kahle kakhulu, eyasekuqaleni kangangokuthi kungaba yingozi ukushintsha noma yini.”

EJalimane, uVieuxtan uthanda kakhulu izinkondlo zikaGoethe; lapha, uthando lwakhe ngomculo kaBeethoven ekugcineni luqinisiwe kuye. Lapho ezwa elithi “Fidelio” eFrankfurt, washaqeka. “Akunakwenzeka ukudlulisa umbono,” wabhala kamuva encwadini yakhe yokuphila, “lowo mculo ongenakuqhathaniswa owawunawo emphefumulweni wami ngisewumfana oneminyaka engu-13 ubudala.” Uyamangala ukuthi uRudolf Kreutzer wayengaqondi i-sonata enikezelwe kuye nguBeethoven: "... ngeshwa, umculi omkhulu kangaka, umshayi wevayolini omangalisayo njengoba ayenjalo, kwakuzodingeka ahambe esuka eParis eya eVienna eguqe ngamadolo ukuze abone uNkulunkulu. , mbuyisele ufe !

Ngakho-ke kwakhiwa i-credo yobuciko yaseVietanne, eyenza ngaphambi kukaLaub noJoachim umhumushi omkhulu womculo kaBeethoven.

E-Vienna, uVietanne uhambela izifundo zokuqamba noSimon Zechter futhi uhlangana eduze neqembu labathandi bakaBeethoven - u-Czerny, uMerck, umqondisi we-conservatory u-Eduard Lannoy, umqambi u-Weigl, umshicileli womculo u-Dominik Artaria. E-Vienna, okokuqala ngqa selokhu kwashona u-Beethoven, i-Beethoven's Violin Concerto yenziwa ngu-Vietent. I-orchestra yayiqhutshwa uLannoy. Ngemva kwalobo busuku, wathumela incwadi elandelayo kuVietang: “Ngicela wamukele ukuhalalisela kwami ​​ngendlela entsha, yokuqala nangesikhathi esifanayo sakudala odlale ngayo Ikhonsathi yeViolin kaBeethoven izolo ekhonsathini yomoya. Uyibambile ingqikithi yalo msebenzi, umsebenzi wobuciko womunye wezingcweti zethu ezinkulu. Izinga lomsindo owunikeze ku-cantabile, umphefumulo owufake ekusebenzeni kwe-Andante, ukwethembeka nokuqina odlale ngakho iziqephu ezinzima kakhulu ezikhungathe lesi siqeshana, konke kwakhuluma ngethalente eliphezulu, konke kubonisiwe. ukuthi wayesemncane, cishe ethintana nobuntwana , ungumculi omkhulu owazisa lokho okudlalayo, anganikeza uhlobo ngalunye inkulumo yalo, futhi udlulela ngalé kwesifiso sokumangaza abalaleli ngobunzima. Uhlanganisa ukuqina komnsalo, ukubulawa okukhazimulayo kobunzima obukhulu kakhulu, umphefumulo, ngaphandle kwalokho ubuciko obungenawo amandla, ngokunengqondo okuqonda umcabango womqambi, nokunambitheka okuhle okugcina umdwebi ekudukeni komcabango wakhe. Le ncwadi yangoMashi 17, 1834, iViet Tang ineminyaka eyi-14 kuphela!

Okwengeziwe - ukunqoba okusha. Ngemuva kwePrague neDresden - iLeipzig, lapho uSchumann emlalela khona-ke - eLondon, lapho ehlangana khona noPaganini. USchumann waqhathanisa ukudlala kwakhe nekaPaganini futhi waphetha isihloko sakhe ngamagama alandelayo: “Kusukela emsindweni wokuqala kuya kowokugcina awukhipha ensimbini yakhe, iVietanne ikugcina embuthanweni womlingo, ikuvalwe eduze kwakho ukuze ungasitholi isiqalo. noma ukuphela.” “Lo mfana uzoba indoda enkulu,” kusho uPaganini ngaye.

Impumelelo ihambisana neViettan kuyo yonke impilo yakhe yobuciko. Ushawa ngezimbali, kunikezelwe kuye izinkondlo, ukhulekelwa ngokoqobo. Amacala amaningi ahlekisayo axhumene nokuvakasha kwekhonsathi yaseViet Tang. Lapho eseGiera wahlangana nokubanda okungajwayelekile. Kuvele ukuthi ngaphambi nje kokufika kweViettan, kwavela umuntu ohamba phambili e-Giera, ozibiza ngokuthi iVietan, waqasha igumbi ehhotela elingcono kakhulu izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili, ehamba ngesikebhe, ehlala ngaphandle kokuphika lutho, wabe esemema izithandwa ehhotela " ukuhlola ukuqoqwa kwamathuluzi akhe”, wabaleka, “ukhohlwe” ukukhokha isikweletu.

Ngo-1835-1836 uVieuxtan wayehlala eParis, ehlanganyela ngokujulile ekubunjweni ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaReich. Lapho eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, waqamba i-Second Violin Concerto (fis-moll), eyaba yimpumelelo enkulu emphakathini.

Ngo-1837, wenza uhambo lwakhe lokuqala lokuya eRussia, kodwa wafika eSt. Petersburg ekupheleni kwenkathi yekhonsathi futhi wakwazi ukunikeza ikhonsathi eyodwa kuphela ngoMeyi 23/8. Inkulumo yakhe ayizange inakwe. IRussia yaba nesithakazelo kuye. Ebuyela eBrussels, waqala ukulungiselela kahle uhambo lwesibili oluya ezweni lakithi. Endleleni eya eSt. Petersburg, wagula futhi wachitha izinyanga ezingu-3 eNarva. Amakhonsathi eSt. Petersburg kulokhu aba yimpumelelo. Zenzeka ngo-March 15, 22 no-April 12 (OS), 1838. V. Odoevsky wabhala ngala makhonsathi.

Ezinkathini ezimbili ezizayo, iViettan iphinde inikeze amakhonsathi eSt. Ngesikhathi egula e-Narva, kwaqanjwa i-“Fantasy-Caprice” kanye ne-Concerto in E enkulu, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi i-First Concerto Vietana ye-violin ne-orchestra. Le misebenzi, ikakhulukazi ikhonsathi, iphakathi kwebaluleke kakhulu esikhathini sokuqala somsebenzi kaVieuxtan. “Imidlalo yokuqala” yabo yenzeka eSt. Petersburg ngo-March 4/10, 1840, futhi lapho zenziwa eBrussels ngoJulayi, uBerio owayejabule wagibela esiteji futhi wacindezela umfundi wakhe esifubeni sakhe. UBayot noBerlioz bathola ikhonsathi eParis ngo-1841 ngesasasa eliphansi.

“Ikhonsathi yakhe ku-E enkulu iwumsebenzi omuhle,” kubhala uBerlioz, “inhle kakhulu iyonke, igcwele imininingwane ejabulisayo engxenyeni eyinhloko naseqenjini le-orchestra, edlalwa ngobuciko obukhulu. Akekho noyedwa umlingisi we-orchestra, ongagqami kakhulu, olibalekayo kumaphuzu akhe; wenza wonke umuntu asho okuthile “okubabayo”. Uzuze umphumela omuhle ekuhlukaniseni ama-violin, ehlukaniswe izingxenye ezi-3-4 nge-viola ku-bass, edlala i-tremolo ngenkathi ehambisana ne-violin eholayo eyedwa. Ukwamukela okusha, okuthandekayo. I-Queen-violin indiza ngaphezu kwe-orchestra encane evevezelayo futhi ikwenza uphuphe kamnandi, njengoba uphupha ngobusuku obuzolile ngasosebeni lwechibi:

Lapho inyanga ephaphathekile Yembula ngegagasi Umlandeli wakho oyisiliva .. "

Ngokuhamba kuka-1841, i-Vieuxtan ingumlingiswa wayo yonke imikhosi yomculo yaseParis. Umqophi uDantier uyamhlukumeza, i-impresario imnikeza izinkontileka ezinemali eningi. Eminyakeni elandelayo, uViettan uchitha impilo yakhe emgwaqeni: eHolland, e-Austria, eJalimane, e-USA naseCanada, eYurophu futhi, njll. Ukhethwa njengelungu elihloniphekile leBelgian Academy of Arts kanye noBerio (i-Vietan ineminyaka engu-25 kuphela. endala!).

Ngonyaka odlule, ngo-1844, kwenzeka ushintsho olukhulu empilweni kaVieuxtan - washada nomshayi wopiyano uJosephine Eder. UJosephine, ongowokuzalwa eVienna, owesifazane ofundile owayesazi kahle isiJalimane, isiFulentshi, isiNgisi nesiLatini. Wayengumdlali wopiyano omuhle kakhulu futhi, kusukela emshadweni wakhe, waba umphelezeli oqhubekayo weViet-Gang. Impilo yabo ibe mnandi. UViettan wakhulekela umkakhe, owasabela kuye ngomuzwa ovuthayo.

Ngo-1846, uVieuxtan wathola isimemo esivela eSt. Ngakho kwaqala inkathi enkulu yokuphila kwakhe eRussia. Wahlala ePetersburg kwaze kwaba ngu-1852. Encane, egcwele amandla, uthuthukisa impilo esebenzayo - unikeza amakhonsathi, ufundisa emakilasini okudlala eSikoleni Seshashalazi, udlala kuma-quartet e-salon yomculo waseSt.

“I-Counts of Vielgorsky,” kubhala uLenz, “yakhanga iViettan eSt. okwathi, ngokuba yingcweti enkulu, ehlale elungele ukudlala yonke into - kokubili amaquartets okugcina kaHaydn noBeethoven, ayezimele kakhulu etiyetha futhi ekhululekile emculweni wequartet. Kwakuyisikhathi esimnandi lapho, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zasebusika, endlini ka-Count Stroganov, owayeseduze kakhulu neViet Temps, umuntu wayengalalela ama-quartet kathathu ngesonto.

U-Odoevsky ushiye incazelo yekhonsathi eyodwa kaVietanne nomculi we-cell waseBelgium uServais e-Counts of Vielgorsky: “… Babengadlali ndawonye isikhathi eside: yayingekho i-orchestra; umculo futhi; izihambeli ezimbili noma ezintathu. Khona-ke abaculi bethu abadumile baqala ukukhumbula ama-duets abo abhalwe ngaphandle kokuhambisana. Zabekwa ngemuva kwehholo, iminyango yavalwa kuzo zonke ezinye izivakashi; ukuthula okuphelele kwabusa phakathi kwabalaleli abambalwa, okudingeka kakhulu ukuze ujabulele ubuciko ... Abaculi bethu bakhumbule i-Fantasia yabo ye-opera ka-Meyerbeer i-Les Huguenots ... ukuhambisana kwemvelo kwezinsimbi, ukuphelela kokucutshungulwa, okusekelwe kumanothi amabili noma ukunyakaza okunekhono. amazwi, ekugcineni, amandla angavamile nokunemba kwabo bobabili abaculi ekushintsheni kwamazwi okunzima kakhulu kwaveza intelezi ephelele; ngaphambi kokuba amehlo ethu adlule yonke le opera emangalisayo nayo yonke imithunzi yayo; sakuhlukanisa ngokucacile ukucula okuvezayo nesivunguvungu esaphakama ku-orchestra; nansi imisindo yothando, nanka amahubo aqinile engoma yamaLuthela, nansi imisindo edabukisayo, enomsindo yabashisekeli, nansi ingoma emnandi yomsindo onomsindo. umcabango walandela zonke lezi zinkumbulo futhi wazenza ngokoqobo.

Ngokokuqala ngqá eSt. Petersburg, iVietang yahlela izikhathi zakusihlwa ezivulekile ze-quartet. Zaba amakhonsathi ezikhokhelo futhi zanikezwa esakhiweni sesikole esingemva kwePeter-kirche yaseJalimane eNevsky Prospekt. Umphumela womsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa - abafundi baseRussia - Prince Nikolai Yusupov, Valkov, Pozansky nabanye.

UVietang akazange acabange ngisho nokuhlukana neRussia, kodwa ehlobo lika-1852, lapho eseParis, ukugula komkakhe kwamphoqa ukuba anqamule isivumelwano sakhe neSt. Waphinde wavakashela eRussia ngo-1860, kodwa kakade njengomdlali wekhonsathi.

E-St. Petersburg, wabhala i-Concerto yakhe yothando nomculo ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu ku-D minor. Ubusha bohlobo lwayo lwaba kangangokuthi uVieuxtan akazange alinge ukudlala esidlangalaleni isikhathi eside futhi wakwenza eParis ngo-1851 kuphela. Impumelelo yayinkulu kakhulu. Umqambi nombhali wase-Austria owaziwayo u-Arnold Schering, omisebenzi yakhe ehlanganisa Umlando Wekhonsathi Yezinsimbi, naphezu kwesimo sakhe sengqondo sokungabaza ngomculo wezinsimbi zesiFulentshi, futhi uyakubona ukubaluleka kokusungulwa kwalo msebenzi: eduze noHlu. Ngoba lokho akunikeza ngemva kwekhonsathi yakhe ethi “usana” ethi fis-moll (No. 2) kuphakathi kwezincwadi ezibaluleke kakhulu ezincwadini zevayolini zamaRoma. Ingxenye yokuqala enamandla yekhonsathi yakhe ye-E-dur idlula i-Baio ne-Berio. Kukhonsathi ye-d-moll, phambi kwethu sinomsebenzi ohlobene nokuguqulwa kwalolu hlobo. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, umqambi wanquma ukuyishicilela. Wayesaba ukuvusa umbhikisho ngohlobo olusha lwekhonsathi yakhe. Ngesikhathi lapho amakhonsathi kaLiszt ayengaziwa, le khonsathi yaseVieuxtan yayingase, mhlawumbe, ibangele ukugxekwa. Ngenxa yalokho, njengomqambi, uVietang ngomqondo othile wayengumqambi.

Ngemva kokusuka eRussia, ukuphila kokuzulazula kwaqala futhi. Ngo-1860, uVietang waya eSweden, futhi esuka lapho waya eBaden-Baden, lapho aqala khona ukubhala i-Fifth Concerto, ehloselwe umncintiswano owawubanjwe nguHuber Leonard eBrussels Conservatory. ULeonard, esethole ikhonsathi, waphendula ngencwadi (ngo-Ephreli 10, 1861), lapho abonga khona ngokufudumele uVieuxtan, ekholelwa ukuthi, ngaphandle kwe-Adagio ye-Third Concerto, eyesihlanu yayibonakala ingcono kakhulu kuye. “UGrétry wethu omdala angase ajabule ngokuthi ingoma yakhe ethi ‘Lucille’ igqoke kanokusho.” UFetis wathumela incwadi ebonisa umdlandla ngale khonsathi eViettan, futhi uBerlioz washicilela isihloko esibanzi kuyi-Journal de Debas.

Ngo-1868, uViet Tang wabhekana nosizi olukhulu - ukushona komkakhe, owabulawa ikholera. Ukulahlekelwa kwamthusa kakhulu. Wathatha uhambo olude ukuze azikhohlwe. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kwakuyisikhathi sokukhuphuka okuphezulu kakhulu kwentuthuko yakhe yobuciko. Ukudlala kwakhe kugadla ngokuphelela, ubudoda nogqozi. Ukuhlupheka ngokwengqondo kwakubonakala kumnikeza ukujula okukhulu nakakhulu.

Isimo sengqondo sikaViettan ngaleso sikhathi singahlulelwa encwadini ayithumela kuN. Yusupov ngo-December 15, 1871. “Ngivame ukucabanga ngawe nkosana ethandekayo, ngomkakho, ngezikhathi ezijabulisayo ozichithe nawe noma nawe. emabhange abukekayo eMoika noma eParis, e-Ostend naseVienna. Kwakuyisikhathi esimnandi, ngangisemncane, futhi nakuba lesi kwakungesona isiqalo sempilo yami, kodwa kunoma yikuphi kwakuwusuku olungcono kakhulu lwempilo yami; isikhathi sokuqhakaza okuphelele. Ngamafuphi, ngangijabule, futhi inkumbulo yakho ihlala ihlotshaniswa nalezi zikhathi ezijabulisayo. Futhi manje ubukhona bami abunambala. Eyayihlobisa isiphelile, futhi ngimila, ngizulazula emhlabeni, kodwa imicabango yami ikwelinye icala. Ngiyabonga mazulu kodwa, ngijabule ngabantwana bami. Indodana yami ingunjiniyela futhi umsebenzi wayo uchazwe kahle. Indodakazi yami ihlala nami, inenhliziyo enhle, futhi ilindele umuntu ongayijabulela. Konke lokho kumayelana nami siqu. Mayelana nempilo yami yobuciko, kusefana nalokhu ebihlala kunjalo - ukuhambahamba, ukungahleleki ... manje nginguprofesa eBrussels Conservatory. Ishintsha kokubili impilo yami nomsebenzi wami. Kusukela kwezothando, ngiphenduka i-pedant, ngibe ihhashi lomsebenzi maqondana nemithetho ye-tirer et pousser.

Umsebenzi wokufundisa weViettan eBrussels, owaqala ngo-1870, wathuthukiswa ngempumelelo (kwanele ukusho ukuthi umculi omkhulu wevayolini u-Eugene Ysaye washiya ikilasi lakhe). Kungazelelwe, ishwa elisha elibi lawela ku-Viet Tang - ukushaywa uvalo kwakhubaza ingalo yakhe yangakwesokudla. Yonke imizamo yodokotela yokubuyisela ukuhamba esandleni ayizange iholele lutho. Kwaphela isikhathi esithile uViettan ezama ukufundisa, kodwa lesi sifo saqhubeka, futhi ngo-1879 waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye indawo yokugcina izingane.

UVietanne wazinza endaweni yakhe eduze kwase-Algiers; uzungezwe yizinkathazo zendodakazi yakhe nomkhwenyana wakhe, abaculi abaningi beza kuye, usebenza ngokushisa kwezingoma, ezama ukubuyisela ukuhlukaniswa nobuciko bakhe abathandayo ngokudala. Nokho, amandla akhe ayancipha. Ngo-August 18, 1880, wabhalela omunye wabangane bakhe: “Lapha, ekuqaleni kwalentwasahlobo, ubuze bamathemba ami bangicacela. Ngiyatshala, ngidla futhi ngiphuza njalo, futhi, kuyiqiniso, ikhanda lami lisakhanya, imicabango yami icacile, kodwa ngizwa sengathi amandla ami ayancipha nsuku zonke. Imilenze yami ibuthakathaka ngokwedlulele, amadolo ami ayaqhaqhazela, futhi ngobunzima obukhulu, mngane wami, ngingakwazi ukuvakasha okukodwa engadini, ngincike ohlangothini olulodwa ngesandla esinamandla, kanti kwenye ngeklabhu yami.

NgoJuni 6, 1881, iViet-Gang yashona. Isidumbu sakhe sithuthelwe eVerviers sangcwatshwa khona nenqwaba yabantu.

I-Viet Tang yasungulwa futhi yaqala umsebenzi wayo kuma-30-40s. Ngezimo zemfundo ngo-Lecloux-Dejon no-Berio, wayexhumene ngokuqinile namasiko esikole se-violin saseFrance sase-Viotti-Bayo-Rode, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wathola ithonya elinamandla lobuciko bothando. Akuyona indawo engafanele ukukhumbula ithonya eliqondile likaBerio futhi, ekugcineni, akunakwenzeka ukungagcizeleli iqiniso lokuthi uVieuxtan wayenguBeethovenian onothando. Ngakho-ke, izimiso zakhe zobuciko zakhiwa ngenxa yokulinganisa izitayela ezihlukahlukene zobuhle.

“Esikhathini esidlule, umfundi waseBerio, nokho, akayena owesikole sakhe, akafani nanoma yimuphi umdlali wevayolini esake samuzwa ngaphambili,” babhala ngeVieuxtan ngemva kwamakhonsathi eLondon ngo-1841. Ukube besingakwazi ukuthenga umculo. Uma kuqhathaniswa, singasho ukuthi unguBeethoven wabo bonke abadlali be-violin abadumile. "

U-V. Odoevsky, ngemva kokulalela iViettan ngo-1838, waveza (futhi ngokunembile kakhulu!) Amasiko eViotti ku-First Concerto ayidlalayo: “Ikhonsathi yakhe, ekhumbuza umndeni othize wamaViotti, kodwa wavuselelwa yintuthuko entsha emdlalweni, bekufanele ihlombe elikhulu. Ngesitayela sokwenza iVietanne, izimiso zesikole sakudala saseFrance zazihlala zilwa nezothando. V. Odoevsky wayibiza ngokuqondile ngokuthi “indlela ejabulisayo phakathi kwe-classicism ne-romanticism.”

Ngokungangabazeki u-Vietang ungowothando ekuphishekeleni kwakhe ubuhle obumibalabala, kodwa futhi ungowakudala endleleni yakhe yokudlala yobudoda ebabazekayo, okuyisizathu esinciphisa umuzwa. Lokhu kwanqunywa ngokucacile, ngisho nayinsizwa yaseViettan, kangangokuthi, ngemva kokulalela umdlalo wayo, u-Odoevsky watusa ukuba athandane: “Uyahlekisa eceleni - umdlalo wakhe ubukeka njengesifanekiso esihle sasendulo esinezimo ezinhle neziyindilinga; uyathandeka, udonsa amehlo omculi, kodwa nonke anikwazi ukuqhathanisa izithombe nezinhle, kodwa Ephila owesifazane. Amazwi ka-Odoevsky afakazela ukuthi uViettan wazuza uhlobo lomculo oluxoshwayo lapho enza lokhu noma lowo msebenzi, owavusa ubudlelwane nesithombe.

“I-Vietanne,” kubhala umgxeki ongumFulentshi u-P. Scyudo, “ngaphandle kokungabaza ibekwe esigabeni sama-virtuosos wezinga lokuqala… Lona umshayi-vayolini oqinile, wesitayela esihle kakhulu, i-sonority enamandla…”. Ukuthi wayesondelene kangakanani ne-classicism kufakazelwa nawukuthi, ngaphambi kukaLaub noJoachim, wayebhekwa njengomhumushi ongenakuqhathaniswa womculo kaBeethoven. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhokha kangakanani i-romanticism, ingqikithi yangempela yemvelo yakhe njengomculi yayikude ne-romanticism; wasondela ku-romanticism kunalokho, njengokuthambekela "okunemfashini". Kodwa kuyisici ukuthi akazange ajoyine noma yiziphi izitayela zothando zenkathi yakhe. Wayenokungavumelani kwangaphakathi nesikhathi, okungenzeka ukuthi, kwakuyisizathu sokubili okwaziwayo kwezifiso zakhe zobuhle, okwamenza, naphezu kwemvelo yakhe, ahloniphe uBeethoven, naseBeethoven ncamashi okwakukude nama-romantics.

U-Vietang ubhale amakhonsathi e-violin ne-cello angu-7, amaphupho amaningi, ama-sonata, ama-bow quartets, ama-miniatures ekhonsathi, ucezu lwe-salon, njll. Iningi lezingoma zakhe zifana nezincwadi zothando ze-virtuoso zengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. U-Vietang uthulela isigqoko ubuqotho obuhle futhi ulwela isitayela sekhonsathi esigqamile emsebenzini wakhe wokudala. U-Auer wabhala ukuthi amakhonsathi akhe “kanye nezingoma zakhe ezikhaliphile ze-bravura zicebile ngemicabango yomculo omnandi, ngesikhathi esifanayo kuwubukhazikhazi bomculo we-virtuoso.”

Kodwa ubuhle bemisebenzi kaVietanne abufani yonke indawo: ebuhleni obubuthakathaka be-Fantasy-Caprice, ukhumbuza okuningi nge-Berio, ku-Concerto yokuqala ulandela uViotti, nokho, ecindezela imingcele yobuhle be-classical futhi ehlomisa lo msebenzi. izinsimbi ezimibalabala zothando. Eyothando kakhulu i-Fourth Concerto, ehlukaniswa nedrama enesivunguvungu kanye nethiyetha ethize yama-cadenza, kuyilapho amagama anomsindo asondelene ngokungenakuphikwa emazwini omculo ka-Gounod-Halévy. Futhi-ke kukhona izingcezu ezihlukahlukene zekhonsathi ye-virtuoso - "Reverie", i-Fantasia Appassionata, "i-Ballad ne-Polonaise", "i-Tarantella", njll.

Abantu ababephila ngaleso sikhathi bawazisa kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe. Sesivele sibalule ukubuyekezwa kukaSchumann, Berlioz nabanye abaculi. Futhi nanamuhla, ingasaphathwa eyekharikhulamu, equkethe kokubili imidlalo namakhonsathi kaViet Temps, i-Fourth Concerto yakhe yenziwa njalo nguHeifetz, okufakazela ukuthi ngisho namanje lo mculo usaphila ngempela futhi ujabulisa.

L. Raaben, 1967