Mikhail Mikhailovich Ippolitov-Ivanov |

UMikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov

Uma ucabanga ngabaqambi baseSoviet besizukulwane esidala, lapho uM. Ippolitov-Ivanov ayengowabo, uyamangala ngokungathandi ngenxa yokuguquguquka komsebenzi wabo wokudala. Futhi N. Myaskovsky, noR. Glier, noM. Gnesin, kanye no-Ippolitov-Ivanov bazibonakalisa ngenkuthalo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene eminyakeni yokuqala ngemva kwe-Great October Socialist Revolution.

U-Ippolitov-Ivanov wahlangana no-Okthoba Omkhulu njengomuntu ovuthiwe, ovuthiwe nomculi. Ngalesi sikhathi, wayengumdali wama-opera amahlanu, inani lemisebenzi ye-symphonic, okwathi i-Sketches yaseCaucasian yaziwa kabanzi, futhi umbhali wamakhwaya athakazelisayo nezothando athola abadlali abahle kakhulu ku-F. Chaliapin, A. Nezhdanova. , N. Kalinina, V Petrova-Zvantseva nabanye. Indlela yokudala ye-Ippolitov-Ivanov yaqala ngo-1882 eTiflis, lapho efika khona ngemva kokuphothula eSt. Phakathi nale minyaka, umqambi osemusha uchitha amandla amaningi emsebenzini (ungumqondisi we-opera House), ufundisa esikoleni somculo, futhi udala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuqamba kuka-Ippolitov-Ivanov (ama-operas uRuth, Azra, Imidwebo yaseCaucasian) sekuvele kubonise izici zesitayela sakhe sisonke: umculo omnandi, izingoma zomculo, amandla adonsela phansi ezinhlotsheni ezincane. Ubuhle obumangalisayo baseGeorgia, amasiko abantu ajabulisa umculi waseRussia. Uyayithanda inganekwane yaseGeorgia, ubhala phansi izingoma zesintu eKakheti ngo-1883, futhi azifunde.

Ngo-1893, u-Ippolitov-Ivanov waba uprofesa eMoscow Conservatory, lapho eminyakeni ehlukene abaculi abaningi abaziwayo bafunda naye ukuqamba (S. Vasilenko, R. Glier, N. Golovanov, A. Goldenweiser, L. Nikolaev, Yu. Engel nabanye). Ukuphenduka kwekhulu le-XIX-XX. kwaphawulwa Ippolitov-Ivanov ekuqaleni umsebenzi njengoba umqhubi eMoscow Russian Private Opera. Esiteji sale midlalo, ngenxa yokuzwela nomculo we-Ippolitov-Ivanov, ama-opera kaP. Tchaikovsky, i-Enchantress, i-Mazepa, i-Cherevichki, engaphumelelanga ekukhiqizweni kwe-Bolshoi Theatre, "yavuselelwa". Ubuye wadlala imidlalo yokuqala ye-opera ka-Rimsky-Korsakov (I-Tsar's Bride, The Tale of Tsar Saltan, Kashchei the Immortal).

Ngo-1906, u-Ippolitov-Ivanov waba umqondisi wokuqala okhethiwe we-Conservatory yaseMoscow. Eshumini leminyaka elingaphambi kokuguquguquka, imisebenzi ka-Ippolitov-Ivanov, umqhubi wemihlangano ye-symphonic ye-RMS namakhonsathi e-Russian Choral Society, yembulwa, umqhele owawuwumdlalo wokuqala eMoscow ngo-March 9, 1913 we-JS. Bach's Matthew Passion. Ububanzi bezithakazelo zakhe enkathini yamaSoviet bubanzi ngokungavamile. Ngo-1918, u-Ippolitov-Ivanov wakhethwa umqondisi wokuqala waseSoviet we-Conservatory yaseMoscow. Uya eTiflis kabili ukuze ahlele kabusha iTiflis Conservatory, ungumqhubi weBolshoi Theatre eMoscow, uhola ikilasi le-opera eMoscow Conservatory, futhi uchitha isikhathi esiningi esebenza namaqembu ezimfundamakhwela. Eminyakeni efanayo, i-Ippolitov-Ivanov idala i-"Voroshilov March" edumile, ibhekisela kumagugu okudala kaM. Mussorgsky - uhlela isiteji eSt Basil's (Boris Godunov), uqeda "Umshado"; uqamba i-opera ethi The Last Barricade (isiqephu sangesikhathi se-Paris Commune).

Phakathi kwemisebenzi yeminyaka yamuva kukhona ama-symphonic suites angu-3 ezindikimba zabantu baseSoviet East: "Izicucu zaseTurkic", "Emathafeni aseTurkmenistan", "Izithombe zomculo zase-Uzbekistan". Umsebenzi oxubile we-Ippolitov-Ivanov uyisibonelo esifundisayo senkonzo engathandeki esikweni lomculo kazwelonke.

N. Sokolov

Ukwakhiwa:

ama-opera - Ku-wreath eya kuPushkin (i-opera yezingane, 1881), uRuth (ngemuva kuka-AK Tolstoy, 1887, Tbilisi Opera House), u-Azra (ngokwenganekwane yamaMoor, 1890, ibid.), Asya (ngemuva kuka-IS Turgenev, 1900, eMoscow Solodovnikov Ithiyetha), iTreason (1910, Zimin Opera House, Moscow), Ole from Norland (1916, Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow), Marriage (izenzo 2-4 kuya ku-opera engaqediwe kaMP Mussorgsky, 1931, Radio Theatre, Moscow ), The Last I-Barricade (1933); cantata esikhumbuzweni sikaPushkin (c. 1880); ye-orchestra - i-symphony (1907), imidwebo yaseCaucasian (1894), i-Iveria (1895), izingcezu zeTurkic (1925), Emathafeni aseTurkmenistan (c. 1932), Izithombe zomculo zase-Uzbekistan, i-Catalan suite (1934), izinkondlo ze-symphonic, (1917) c. 1919, Mtsyri, 1924), Yar-Khmel Overture, Symphonic Scherzo (1881), Armenian Rhapsody (1895), Turkic March, From the Songs of Ossian (1925), Isiqephu esivela ku-Life of Schubert (1928), Jubilee March (enikezelwe ku-K. E Voroshilov, 1931); okwe-balalaika nge-orc. – iphupho Emibuthanweni (c. 1931); ama-ensembles wezinsimbi zegumbi - I-quartet yepiyano (1893), i-quartet yezintambo (1896), izingcezu ezi-4 zabantu base-Armenia. izingqikithi ze-string quartet (1933), Evening in Georgia (yehabhu eline-woodwind quartet 1934); okwepiyano - 5 izingcezu ezincane (1900), 22 oriental imiculo (1934); ye-violin nepiyano – i-sonata (c. 1880), i-Romantic ballad; ye-cello nepiyano – Ukuqashelwa (c. 1900); eyekwaya ne-orchestra - 5 izithombe izici (c. 1900), Ihubo Labasebenzi (nge-symphony nomoya. orc., 1934); ezothando nezingoma ezingaphezu kuka-100 okwezwi nopiyano; imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-60 yama-vocal ensembles namakwaya; umculo womdlalo othi "Ermak Timofeevich" nguGoncharov, c. 1901); Umculo wefilimu ethi "Karabugaz" (1934).

Imisebenzi yemibhalo: Ingoma yomdabu yaseGeorgia kanye nesimo sayo samanje, "Umculi", M., 1895, No 45 (kukhona ukuphrinta okuhlukile); Imfundiso yamaculo, ukwakhiwa kwawo kanye nesinqumo, M., 1897; iminyaka engu-50 yomculo wesiRashiya ezinkumbulo zami, M., 1934; Khuluma mayelana nezinguquko zomculo eTurkey, "SM", 1934, No 12; Amagama ambalwa mayelana nokucula kwesikole, "SM", 1935, No 2.