UGeorg Philipp Telemann |
UGeorge Philipp Teleman
Telemann. I-Suite a-moll. “Ezokwahlulela”
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sithini isinqumo sethu ngekhwalithi yalo msebenzi, umuntu ngeke akwazi ukumangala ngokukhiqiza kwawo okumangalisayo kanye nobungqabavu obumangalisayo bale ndoda, kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi kuya kwengamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nesithupha, ibhala umculo ngentshiseko nenjabulo engakhathali. R. Rollan
Nakuba manje mancane amathuba okuba sabelane ngombono wabantu ababephila ngesikhathi sika-HF Telemann, abambeka phezulu kuno-JS Bach futhi hhayi ngaphansi kune-GF Handel, ngempela wayengomunye wabaculi baseJalimane ababehlakaniphe kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe. Umsebenzi wakhe wokudala nowebhizinisi uyamangalisa: umqambi, okuthiwa udale imisebenzi eminingi njengo-Bach no-Handel ehlangene, uTelemann waziwa nangokuthi imbongi, umhleli onekhono, owakha futhi waqondisa ama-orchestra eLeipzig, eFrankfurt am Main, owabamba iqhaza ekutholakaleni kwehholo lekhonsathi yomphakathi yokuqala yaseJalimane, wasungula omagazini bokuqala bomculo baseJalimane. Lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwemisebenzi aphumelele kuyo. Kulobu bunzima nobuhlakani bebhizinisi, uTelemann uyindoda Yokukhanyiselwa, inkathi kaVoltaire neBeaumarchais.
Kusukela esemncane, impumelelo emsebenzini wakhe yayihambisana nokunqoba izithiyo. Wona kanye umsebenzi womculo, ukukhetha umsebenzi wakhe ekuqaleni wabhekana nokumelana nomama wakhe. Ukuba umuntu ofunde kahle (wafunda eNyuvesi yaseLeipzig), uTelemann, nokho, akazange athole imfundo yomculo ehlelekile. Kodwa lokhu kwakungaphezu nje kokuxazululwa ukomela ulwazi nekhono lokuluhlanganisa ngobuciko, okwaphawula ukuphila kwakhe kwaze kwaba sekugugeni. Wabonisa ukuhlalisana okujabulisayo kanye nesithakazelo kukho konke okuvelele nokukhulu, okwakudume ngakho iJalimane ngaleso sikhathi. Phakathi kwabangane bakhe kukhona izibalo ezinjengoJS Bach nendodana yakhe u-FE Bach (ngendlela, unkulunkulu kaTelemann), u-Handel, ingasaphathwa engabaluleki kangako, kodwa abaculi abakhulu. Ukunaka kukaTelemann izitayela zakwamanye amazwe kwakungagcini nje ngesiNtaliyane nesiFulentshi ezazihlonishwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ezwa inganekwane yasePoland phakathi neminyaka yaseKapellmeister eSilesia, wancoma “ubuhle bayo bobuqaba” futhi wabhala izingoma eziningi “zePoland”. Lapho eneminyaka engu-80-84, wadala eminye yemisebenzi yakhe engcono kakhulu, eshaya ngesibindi kanye nentsha. Mhlawumbe, kwakungekho ndawo ebalulekile yobuciko yangaleso sikhathi, okwakuzodlula kuyo uTelemann. Futhi wenza umsebenzi omkhulu kulowo nalowo. Ngakho-ke, ama-operas angaphezu kuka-40, ama-oratorio angu-44 (i-passive), imijikelezo engaphezu kuka-20 yonyaka yama-cantatas angokomoya, izingoma ezingaphezu kuka-700, ama-suites e-orchestra angaba ngu-600, ama-fugues amaningi nomculo ohlukahlukene wekamelo nomculo wezinsimbi kungowepeni lakhe. Ngeshwa, ingxenye ebalulekile yaleli gugu manje isilahlekile.
UHandel wamangala: “UTelemann ubhala umdlalo wesonto ngokushesha njengencwadi ebhalwayo.” Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayeyisisebenzi esikhulu, owayekholelwa ukuthi emculweni, "le sayensi engapheli ayikwazi ukuya kude ngaphandle kokusebenza kanzima." Kuhlobo ngalunye, akakwazanga ukukhombisa kuphela ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kodwa futhi nokusho igama lakhe, ngezinye izikhathi elidala. Wakwazi ukuhlanganisa ngobuchule izingxabano. Ngakho, ukulwela kwezobuciko (ekuthuthukiseni umculo, ukuvumelana), ngamazwi akhe, "ukufinyelela ekujuleni", kodwa wayekhathazeke kakhulu mayelana nokuqondakala nokufinyeleleka komculo wakhe kumlaleli ovamile. Wabhala: “Okwaziyo ukuba usizo kwabaningi, wenza kangcono kunalowo obhalela abambalwa. Umqambi uhlanganise isitayela "esingathi sina" kanye "nokukhanya", okubuhlungu namahlaya, futhi nakuba singeke sithole ukuphakama kukaBach emisebenzini yakhe (njengoba omunye wabaculi aphawula, "akazange acule kuze kube phakade"). kuningi okukhangayo kuzo. Ikakhulukazi, bathwebule isipho somqambi samahlaya esiyivelakancane kanye nobuhlakani bakhe obungapheli, ikakhulukazi ekuboniseni izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene ngomculo, okuhlanganisa ukukhonkotha kwamaxoxo, ukuhumusha kokuhamba kwendoda eyisishosha, noma ukuphithizela kokuhwebelana kwamasheya. Emsebenzini we-Telemann izici ezihlanganisiwe ze-baroque kanye nesitayela esibizwa ngokuthi i-gallant ngokucaca kwayo, ukuthokozisa, okuthinta.
Nakuba uTelemann echitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe emadolobheni ahlukahlukene aseJalimane (isikhathi eside kunamanye - eHamburg, lapho ayekhonza khona njengomqondisi nomqondisi womculo), udumo lwakhe lokuphila lwadlulela ngalé kwemingcele yezwe, lwafinyelela naseRussia. Kodwa esikhathini esizayo, umculo womqambi ukhohliwe iminyaka eminingi. Imvuselelo yangempela yaqala, mhlawumbe, kuphela kuma-60s. yekhulu lethu leminyaka, njengoba kufakazelwa umsebenzi wokuzikhandla weNhlangano YakwaTelemann edolobheni lasebuntwaneni bakhe, iMagdeburg.
O. Zakharova
