Avet Rubenovich Terterian (Avet Terterian) |

Terterian Avet

… U-Avet Terteryan ungumqambi i-symphonism okuyindlela yakhe engokwemvelo yokukhuluma. K. Meyer

Ngempela, kunezinsuku nezikhathi lapho ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo zidlula iminyaka eminingi, zibe uhlobo oluthile loshintsho empilweni yomuntu, zinqume isiphetho sakhe, umsebenzi. Ngomfana oneminyaka eyishumi nambili ubudala, kamuva umqambi odumile waseSoviet u-Avet Terteryan, izinsuku zokuhlala kukaSergei Prokofiev nabangane bakhe endlini yabazali baka-Avet, eBaku, ekupheleni kuka-1941, zaba mfushane kakhulu, kodwa zashuba. . Indlela kaProkofiev yokuzibamba, ukukhuluma, ukuveza umbono wakhe ngokukhululekile , ngokuqinisekile kucacile futhi uqale nsuku zonke ngomsebenzi. Futhi wabe eqamba i-opera ethi "Impi Nokuthula", futhi ekuseni kwaphuma imisindo emangalisayo, ekhazimulayo yomculo egumbini lokuphumula, lapho kwakumi khona upiyano.

Izivakashi zahamba, kodwa eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, lapho kuphakama umbuzo wokukhetha umsebenzi - ukuthi uzolandela ezinyathelweni zikayise esikoleni sezokwelapha noma ukhethe enye into - le nsizwa yanquma ngokuqinile - esikoleni somculo. U-Avet wathola imfundo yakhe eyisisekelo yomculo emndenini owawunomculo ngokwedlulele - uyise, udokotela wezifo zokuphefumula owaziwayo e-Baku, ngezikhathi ezithile wayemenywa ukuba acule indima yesihloko kuma-opera ngu-P. Tchaikovsky no-G. Verdi, unina wayene-soprano enhle kakhulu, umfowabo omncane u-Herman kamuva waba umqhubi.

Umqambi wase-Armenia u-A. Satyan, umbhali wezingoma ezidume kakhulu e-Armenia, kanye nothisha owaziwayo u-G. Litinsky, ngenkathi ese-Baku, weluleka ngokuqinile u-Teteryan ukuba aye e-Yerevan futhi afunde ngokujulile ukuqamba. Futhi ngokushesha u-Avet wangena e-Yerevan Conservatory, ekilasini lokuqamba le-E. Mirzoyan. Phakathi nezifundo zakhe, wabhala i-Sonata for Cello and Piano, eyanikezwa umklomelo emqhudelwaneni we-republic kanye naku-All-Union Review of Young Composers, ezothando ngamazwi ezimbongi zaseRussia nase-Armenia, i-Quartet ku-C enkulu, umjikelezo wezwi-symphonic "Motherland" - umsebenzi omlethela impumelelo yangempela, waklonyeliswa ngendondo ye-All-Union Prize emncintiswaneni wabaqambi abasha ngo-1962, futhi ngemva konyaka, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-A. Zhuraitis, kuzwakala eHholo Amakholomu.

Ngemva kwempumelelo yokuqala kwavela izivivinyo zokuqala ezihlobene nomjikelezo wezwi-symphonic obizwa ngokuthi "Revolution". Ukusebenza kokuqala komsebenzi nakho kwaba okokugcina. Nokho, umsebenzi awuzange ube yize. Amavesi amangalisayo embongi yase-Armenia, umculi wenguquko, u-Yeghishe Charents, athatha umcabango womqambi ngamandla awo anamandla, umsindo womlando, umfutho womphakathi. Kungaleso sikhathi, phakathi nenkathi yokwehluleka kokudala, lapho ukuqoqwa okukhulu kwamandla kwenzeka futhi kwasungulwa ingqikithi eyinhloko yokudala. Khona-ke, lapho eneminyaka engu-35 ubudala, umqambi wayazi ngokuqinisekile - uma ungenayo, akufanele ngisho uhlanganyele ekuqambeni, futhi esikhathini esizayo uzofakazela inzuzo yalo mbono: eyakhe, ingqikithi eyinhloko ... Kwavela ekuhlanganisweni kwemiqondo - i-Motherland ne-Revolution, ukuqwashisa nge-dialectical lamanani, okumangalisayo kwemvelo yokusebenzisana kwabo. Umqondo wokubhala i-opera egcwele izisusa eziphakeme zokuziphatha kwezinkondlo zikaCharents wathumela umqambi wayofuna itulo elibukhali lenguquko. Intatheli u-V. Shakhnazaryan, ekhangwa ukusebenza njenge-librittist, ngokushesha wasikisela - indaba kaB. Lavrenev ethi "Forty-First". Isenzo se-opera sadluliselwa e-Armenia, lapho eminyakeni efanayo izimpi zamavukelambuso zaziqhubeka ezintabeni zaseZangezur. Amaqhawe kwakuyintombazane engumlimi kanye no-lieutenant wamasosha angaphambi kokuvukela umbuso. Amavesi ashisekayo kaCharents azwakala kuyi-opera kumfundi, ekwayeni nasezinxenyeni eziyedwa.

I-opera yathola impendulo ebanzi, yaqashelwa njengomsebenzi ogqamile, onekhono, nomusha. Eminyakeni embalwa ngemva komdlalo wokuqala e-Yerevan (1967), wenziwa esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini e-Halle (GDR), futhi ngo-1978 wavula uMkhosi Wamazwe Omhlaba we-GF Handel, oqhutshwa minyaka yonke ezweni lomqambi.

Ngemva kokudala i-opera, umqambi ubhala ama-symphonies angu-6. Amathuba okuqonda kwefilosofi ezindaweni ze-symphonic zezithombe ezifanayo, izingqikithi ezifanayo zimkhanga ngokukhethekile. Khona-ke i-ballet ethi "Richard III" esekelwe ku-W. Shakespeare, i-opera ethi "Earthquake" esekelwe endabeni yomlobi waseJalimane uG. Kleist "Ukuzamazama komhlaba eChile" futhi kuphinde kuvele ama-symphonies - Owesikhombisa, Wesishiyagalombili - avela. Noma ubani oke walalela ngokucophelela noma iyiphi i-symphony ye-Teteryaia kamuva uzowubona kalula umculo wakhe. Iqondile, iyindawo, idinga ukunakwa okugxilile. Lapha, umsindo ngamunye ovelayo uyisithombe ngokwawo, umbono, futhi silandela ngokunaka okungahlawumbisi ukunyakaza kwawo okuqhubekayo, njengesiphetho seqhawe. Isithombe esizwakalayo sama-symphonies sifinyelela cishe ekuchazekeni kwesiteji: imaski yomsindo, i-sound-actor, nayo eyisingathekiso esisankondlo, futhi siveza incazelo yayo. Imisebenzi kaTeteryan ikhuthaza isilaleli ukuba siphendule amehlo abo angaphakathi kumagugu eqiniso okuphila, emithonjeni yawo yaphakade, ukucabanga ngobuthakathaka bezwe nobuhle balo. Ngakho-ke, iziqongo zezinkondlo zama-symphonies nama-opera ka-Terterian zihlale ziphenduka imishwana yomculo elula yendabuko yesintu, eyenziwa ngezwi, izinsimbi ezingokwemvelo kakhulu, noma izinsimbi zomdabu. Yile ndlela ingxenye yesi-2 ye-Second Symphony ezwakala ngayo - i-monophonic baritone improvisation; isiqephu esivela ku-Third Symphony - iqoqo lama-duduk amabili nama-zurn amabili; iculo likamancha elingena kuwo wonke umjikelezo ku-Fifth Symphony; iphathi ye-dapa kweyesikhombisa; esiqongweni sesithupha kuyoba khona i-choir, lapho esikhundleni samagama kukhona imisindo yezinhlamvu zesi-Armenian "ayb, ben, gim, dan", njll njengohlobo lophawu lokukhanyiselwa kanye nengokomoya. Okulula, kubonakala sengathi, izimpawu, kodwa zinencazelo ejulile. Kulokhu, umsebenzi kaTeteryan uhambisana nobuciko babaculi abafana no-A. Tarkovsky no-S. Parajanov. Athini ama-symphony akho? abalaleli babuza uTeteryan. “Mayelana nakho konke,” kuphendula umqambi, eshiya wonke umuntu eqonda okuqukethwe kwakhe.

Ama-symphonies ka-Terterian enziwa emikhosini yomculo yamazwe ngamazwe ehlonishwa kakhulu - e-Zagreb, lapho ukubuyekezwa komculo wesimanje kwenziwa njalo entwasahlobo, "e-Warsaw Autumn", eNtshonalanga Berlin. Ziyazwakala nasezweni lakithi – eYerevan, eMoscow, eLeningrad, eTbilisi, eMinsk, eTallinn, eNovosibirsk, eSaratov, eTashkent … Lo mculi lapha ubonakala efakwe ekubhaleni ngokubambisana. Imininingwane ethakazelisayo: ama-symphonies, kuye ngokuthi incazelo, ikhono, njengoba umqambi esho, "ukulalela umsindo", angahlala izikhathi ezahlukene. I-Symphony yakhe yesine izwakale yomibili imizuzu engama-22 nengama-30, eyesikhombisa - nengama-27 nengama-38! Ukusebenzisana okunjalo okusebenzayo, okunobuciko nomqambi kufaka phakathi u-D. Khanjyan, umhumushi omuhle wama-symphonies akhe okuqala angu-4. G. Rozhdestvensky, ekuculweni kwakhe okugqamile kweyesine neyesihlanu, u-A. Lazarev, lapho i-Sixth Symphony izwakala ngendlela ehlaba umxhwele, ebhalelwe i-orchestra yasegumbini, ikhwaya yegumbi kanye namagilamafoni angu-9 ngokuqoshwa kwe-orchestra enkulu ye-symphony, amahabhu nensimbi. ama-chimes.

Umculo kaTeteryan umema umlaleli ukuthi ahlanganyele. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko uwukuhlanganisa imizamo engokomoya yomqambi, umqambi kanye nomlaleli ekuboneni ukuphila okungapheli nokunzima.

M. Rukhkyan