Edward Alexander MacDowell |

Edward MacDowell

Scottish ngobuzwe. Wafunda upiyano esemncane no-MT Carregno, ngo-1876-1878 - ne-AF Marmontel (ipiano) kanye ne-MGO Savard (ukuqanjwa) eParis Conservatory, no-C. Heyman (upiyano) kanye no-I. Raffa (umqambi) endaweni yokugcina izinto e-Conservatory. I-Frankfurt am Main. Ngo-1881-1882 wafundisa upiyano eDarmstadt Conservatory. Kusukela ngo-1888 uMcDowell wayehlala eBoston, edlalwa kumakhonsathi ombhali. Njengomqambi, wakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya lemibono yobuhle nemfundo kaF. Liszt, amasiko e-romantics (isimiso sokuhlanganisa izinkondlo nomculo), ikakhulukazi uR. Schumann, kanye no-E. Grieg. Ukuqala kukaMacDowell njengomqambi we-Weimar (First Modern Suite, 1883) kwagunyazwa nguLiszt, owaba nesandla ekushicilelweni kwezincwadi zakhe zakuqala. Ngo-1896-1904 wahola umnyango womculo e-Columbia University eNew York (owokuqala e-USA) futhi wayenguprofesa wayo. Ngenxa yokungqubuzana nokuphathwa kwenyuvesi, okuhlobene nokuguqulwa kwemfundo yomculo athuthukile, waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye ukufundisa. Izinkulumo azinikeza zashicilelwa ngemuva kokufa ngendlela yeqoqo le-Critical and Historical Essays (Boston - NY, 1912).

UMcDowell wagomela ngokuthi ubuciko bomculo kazwelonke ngempela akufanele busebenzise inganekwane yomculo kuphela, kodwa futhi buhlanganise izici zesakhiwo esingokomoya, umlingiswa, isiko labantu kanye nemvelo yezwe. Omunye wabasunguli besikole sabaqambi baseMelika, uMcDowell okokuqala ngqa (ngezinhlobo ezinkulu) waphendukela engomeni yesizwe (yamaNdiya) (ingqikithi ethi “Ingoma Yomngcwabo” evela ku-2nd “Indian Suite” isekelwe ukurekhodwa okuyiqiniso kwesililo somngcwabo wamaNdiya) nemifanekiso yemibhalo yaseMelika (izindaba ezimfushane zothando zika-W. Irving, N. Hawthorne, izinkondlo zamagama ka-G. Longfellow, DR Lowell, njll.).

Isici sothando sikaMcDowell, i-penchant yokubonisa uhlangothi oluhle lwempilo, izithombe zamagama kanye nemizwa kuboniswe ku-Fireside Tales (imidlalo engu-6, i-Fireside Tales, 1902), i-New England Idylls (imidlalo engu-10, i-New England Idyls", 1902), " I-Forest Sketches” (izingcezu eziyi-10, “imidwebo yaseWoodland”, 1896), “Idyls Zasehlathini” (izingcezu ezi-4, “Idyls Zasehlathini”) namanye ama-software amancane wepiyano, kanye nemijikelezo yezwi esankondlo emibhalweni yakho.

Umsebenzi kaMcDowell wamenza wathandwa kabanzi e-United States ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Ezinkondlweni ze-symphonic, ama-suites e-orchestral, amakhonsathi epiyano nama-sonatas, iziqephu zezingoma zicace kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlotshaniswa nezothando zasenyakatho. "Northern" (3rd) kanye "Celtic" (4th) sonatas McDowell anikezelwe E. Grieg (McDowell wayebizwa ngokuthi "American Grieg"). I-Melodiousness, ukuthambekela ekuboniseni uthando lwezithombe zemvelo kuyindlela yakhe yokuqamba. UMcDowell wayeyazisa kakhulu imisebenzi yabaqambi baseRussia, ikakhulukazi uPI Tchaikovsky; ungumnikazi wemibhalo yepiyano yemisebenzi ye-orchestra ka-AP Borodin kanye no-NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Ngo-1910-1917, iMcDowell Memorial Society yabamba uMkhosi woMculo weMcDowell wezinsuku ezi-4 ePeterborough, eNew Hampshire.

Izingoma: ze-orchestra. – 3 izimpawu. izinkondlo: UHamlet no-Ophelia (1885), uLancelot no-Elaine (ngokuka-A. Tennyson, 1888), uLamia (ngokukaJ. Keats, 1889), izingcezu ezi-2 zeNgoma kaRoland - Saracens, Beautiful Alda (The Saracens, The lovely Aida, 1891), 2 suites (1891, 1895); okwensimbi ene-orc. – 2 fp. concerto (a-moll, 1885; d-moll, 1890), uthando lwezimpisi. (1888); kwe fp. - Ama-suites esimanje (ama-suites anamuhla, No 1, 2, 1882-84), 4 sonatas: Tragic, Heroic, Northern, Celtic (Tragica, Eroica, Norse, Keltic, 1893, 1895, 1900, 1901), 6 whims (Amaphuzu ayisithupha , 1898), 6 idyll (ngokuka-IW Goethe, 1887), 6 izinkondlo (ngokukaG. Heine, 1887), Orientals (ngokukaV. Hugo, 1889), 8 Marionettes (Marionettes, 1888-1901), Izigcawu zasolwandle (Izicucu zasolwandle, i-1898), izinganekwane ezi-4 ezikhohliwe (1898) neminye imijikelezo yemidlalo, izifundo eziyi-12 (izincwadi ezi-2, i-1890), izifundo eziyi-12 ze-virtuoso (1894), izivivinyo zezobuchwepheshe (izincwadi ezi-2, 1893, 1895); kwe 2fp. - 3 izinkondlo (1886), Moon izithombe (Moon izithombe, no XK Andersen, 1886); amakhwaya amaningi, ch. ar. kumyeni. amavoti; imijikelezo yezingoma - 3 eyedwa. amazwi, kuhl. Kusukela engadini endala (amaculo angu-6, 1887), 2 kokulandelayo. R. Burns (1889), 6 ku-ff. I-WX Gardena (1890), kokulandelayo. JW Goethe, Howells; 2 Izingoma ezindala (Izingoma ezimbili ezindala, 1894).