UMikhail Yurevich Vielgorsky |
UMikhail Vielgorsky
UM. Vielgorsky uphila ngesikhathi sika-M. Glinka, umdidiyeli womculo ovelele kanye nomqambi wengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Izenzakalo ezinkulu kunazo zonke empilweni yomculo waseRussia zihlotshaniswa negama lakhe.
UVielgorsky wayeyindodana yenxusa lasePoland enkantolo kaCatherine II, owayesenkonzweni yaseRussia owayenesikhundla sokuba yikhansela langempela langasese. Kakade ebuntwaneni, wabonisa amakhono avelele omculo: wadlala i-violin kahle, wazama ukuqamba. U-Vielgorsky wathola imfundo ehlukahlukene yomculo, wafunda ithiyori yomculo nokuvumelana no-V. Martin-i-Soler, ukwakheka noTaubert. Emndenini wakwaVielgorsky, umculo wawuhlonishwa ngendlela ekhethekile. Emuva ngo-1804, lapho wonke umndeni uhlala e-Riga, u-Vielgorsky wabamba iqhaza kusihlwa se-quartet: ingxenye yokuqala ye-violin yayidlalwa nguyise, i-viola nguMikhail Yuryevich, kanye nengxenye ye-cello ngumfowabo, uMatvey Yuryevich Vielgorsky, umdlalo ovelele. umculi. Ngaphandle kolwazi olutholiwe, u-Vielgorsky waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe ekuqanjweni eParis no-L. Cherubini, umqambi owaziwayo kanye no-theorist.
Ebona isithakazelo esikhulu kukho konke okusha, u-Vielgorsky wahlangana no-L. Beethoven e-Vienna futhi wayephakathi kwezilaleli eziyisishiyagalombili zokuqala ekuculweni kwe-symphony ethi "Pastoral". Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wahlala ethanda umqambi waseJalimane oshisekayo. UPeru Mikhail Yuryevich Vielgorsky ungumnikazi we-opera ethi "Gypsies" ngesakhiwo esihlobene nezenzakalo zeMpi Yezwe Yango-1812 (mahhala. V. Zhukovsky noV. Sologub), wayengomunye wabokuqala eRussia ukuba baqonde amagwebu amakhulu e-sonata-symphonic , ukubhala ama-symphonies angu-2 (Okokuqala kwenziwa ngo-1825 eMoscow), i-quartet yezintambo, ama-overtures amabili. Wabuye wadala Izinhlobonhlobo ze-cello ne-orchestra, izingcezu ze-pianoforte, ezothando, ama-vocal ensembles, kanye nenani lezingoma zomculo. Izothando zikaVielgorsky zazithandwa kakhulu. Enye yezothando zakhe yenziwa ngokuzithandela nguGlinka. "Emculweni womunye umuntu, wahlabelela into eyodwa kuphela - uthando luka-Count Mikhail Yuryevich Vielgorsky "Ngangithanda": kodwa wacula lolu thando olumnandi ngentshiseko efanayo, ngothando olufanayo nezingoma ezithandwa kakhulu kwezothando," A. USerov uyakhumbula.
Nomaphi lapho uVielgorsky ehlala khona, indlu yakhe njalo iba uhlobo lwesikhungo somculo. Ochwepheshe beqiniso bomculo babuthana lapha, izingoma eziningi zenziwa okokuqala ngqa. Endlini kaVielgorsky F. Liszt okokuqala wadlala ngokubona (ngokusho kwesikolo) "Ruslan noLyudmila" nguGlinka. Umlobi uD. Venevitinov wabiza indlu yaseVielgorsky ngokuthi "isikole sokunambitheka komculo", G. Berlioz, owafika eRussia, "ithempeli elincane lobuciko obuhle", uSerov - "indawo yokukhosela engcono kakhulu kubo bonke abadumile bomculo besikhathi sethu. ”
Ngo-1813, uVielgorsky washada ngasese noLouise Karlovna Biron, incekukazi yokuhlonipha uMpress Maria. Ngalokhu, wazilethela ihlazo futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ahambe aye endaweni yakhe eLuizino esifundazweni saseKursk. Kulapha, kude nokuphila kwenhloko-dolobha, lapho uVielgorsky ekwazi ukuheha abaculi abaningi. Eminyakeni yama-20s. 7 wama-symphonies kaBeethoven enziwa endaweni yakhe. Ekhonsathini ngayinye “kwakwenziwa i-symphony kanye ‘nemfashini’, omakhelwane abayizimfundamakhwela babamba iqhaza … uMikhail Yuryevich Vielgorsky naye wayecula njengomculi, engadlali nje kuphela ezothando, kodwa ne-opera arias yasendulo yaseNtshonalanga.” U-Vielgorsky wazisa kakhulu umculo kaGlinka. I-opera ethi "Ivan Susanin" wayeyibheka njengobuciko. Mayelana noRuslan noLyudmila, akazange avumelane noGlinka kukho konke. Ikakhulukazi, wathukuthela ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa kuphela ye-tenor ku-opera yanikezwa indoda eneminyaka eyikhulu ubudala. UVielgorsky wasekela izibalo eziningi ezithuthukayo eRussia. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1838, kanye noZhukovsky, wahlela ilotho, imali ephuma kuyo ukuze ahlenge imbongi uT. Shevchenko kusuka ku-serfdom.
L. Kozhevnikova
