Arthur Honegger |

U-Arthur Honegger

U-Honegger uyingcweti enkulu, omunye wabaqambi abambalwa besimanje abanomqondo wobukhazikhazi. E. Jourdan-Morange

Umqambi ongumFulentshi ovelele u-A. Honegger ungomunye wabaculi abathuthuka kakhulu esikhathini sethu. Impilo yonke yalo mculi nomcabango oguquguqukayo yayiyinkonzo yobuciko bakhe abuthandayo. Wamnika amakhono akhe ahlukahlukene kanye namandla iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-40. Ukuqala komsebenzi womqambi kusukela eminyakeni yeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, imisebenzi yokugcina yabhalwa ngo-1952-53. UPeru Honegger ungumnikazi wezingoma ezingaphezu kwe-150, kanye nezindatshana eziningi ezibucayi ezindabeni ezahlukahlukene ezishisayo zobuciko bomculo besimanje.

Umdabu waseLe Havre, uHonegger wachitha isikhathi esiningi sobusha bakhe eSwitzerland, izwe labazali bakhe. Wafunda umculo kusukela ebuntwaneni, kodwa hhayi ngokuhlelekile, eZurich noma eLe Havre. Ngobuqotho, waqala ukufundela ukwakheka eneminyaka engu-18 e-Paris Conservatory no-A. Gedalzh (uthisha kaM. Ravel). Lapha, umqambi wesikhathi esizayo wahlangana no-D. Milhaud, owathi, ngokusho kukaHonegger, waba nethonya elikhulu kuye, waba nesandla ekwakhiweni kokuthanda kwakhe kanye nesithakazelo kumculo wanamuhla.

Indlela yokudala yomqambi yayinzima. Ekuqaleni kwawo-20s. wangena eqenjini lokudala labaculi, abagxeki abalibiza ngokuthi "i-French Six" (ngokwenani lamalungu alo). Ukuhlala kuka-Honegger kulo mphakathi kwanikeza umfutho obalulekile ekubonakalisweni kokungqubuzana kwemibono nobuciko emsebenzini wakhe. Ukhokhe intela ephawulekayo ku-constructivism ecushweni lakhe le-orchestra i-Pacific 231 (1923). Ukusebenza kwawo kokuqala kwakuhambisana nempumelelo evusa amadlingozi, futhi umsebenzi wathola udumo olunomsindo phakathi kwabathandi bazo zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo emisha. "Ekuqaleni ngabiza ucezu lwe-Symphonic Movement," kubhala u-Honegger. “Kodwa… lapho ngiqeda amaphuzu, ngayiqamba ngokuthi Pacific 231. Lunjalo uhlobo lwezitimela okufanele zihole izitimela ezinzima” … Uthando luka-Honegger nge-urbanism kanye ne-constructivism lubonakala nakweminye imisebenzi yalesi sikhathi: esithombeni esihambisanayo “ Umbhoxo” naku-“Symphonic Movement No. 3”.

Nokho, naphezu kobudlelwane bokudala ne "Six", umqambi ubelokhu ehlukaniswa nokuzimela kokucabanga kobuciko, okwagcina kunqume umugqa oyinhloko wokuthuthukiswa komsebenzi wakhe. Kakade phakathi nawo-20s. U-Honegger waqala ukwenza imisebenzi yakhe engcono kakhulu, enobuntu kanye nentando yeningi. Ukwakhiwa okuyingqophamlando kwakuyi-oratorio ethi "Inkosi uDavide". Wavula uchungechunge olude lwezingoma zakhe ezinkulu zezwi ne-orchestra "Izingcingo Zomhlaba", "Judith", "Antigone", "Joan of Arc esigxotsheni", "Dance of the Dead". Kule misebenzi, u-Honegger ngokuzimela nangoyedwana uphikisa ukuthambekela okuhlukahlukene kwezobuciko besikhathi sakhe, ulwela ukuhlanganisa izimiso eziphakeme zokuziphatha ezinenani laphakade emhlabeni wonke. Ngakho-ke ukukhanga kwezindikimba zasendulo, zebhayibheli nezenkathi ephakathi.

Imisebenzi ehamba phambili ka-Honegger yeqe izigaba ezinkulu zomhlaba, yakha abalaleli ngokugqama kwemizwa nobusha bolimi lomculo. Umqambi ngokwakhe wenza ngenkuthalo umqhubi wemisebenzi yakhe emazweni amaningi aseYurophu naseMelika. Ngo-1928 wavakashela Leningrad. Lapha, ubudlelwano obunobungane nokudala basungulwa phakathi kukaHonegger nabaculi baseSoviet, ikakhulukazi noD. Shostakovich.

Emsebenzini wakhe, u-Honegger wayengabheki kuphela iziqephu ezintsha nezinhlobo, kodwa futhi nomlaleli omusha. “Umculo kufanele uguqule umphakathi futhi ukhange uquqaba,” kuphikisa umqambi. "Kodwa kulokhu, udinga ukushintsha umlingiswa wakhe, abe lula, angabi yinkimbinkimbi futhi abe nezinhlobo ezinkulu. Abantu abanandaba nendlela yomqambi nosesho. Lolu wuhlobo lomculo engizame ukuwunikeza ku-"Jeanne esigxotsheni". Ngizamile ukufinyeleleka kumlaleli ojwayelekile futhi ngithakasele umculi.”

Izifiso zomqambi zentando yeningi zabonakala emsebenzini wakhe ezinhlotsheni zomculo nezisetshenziswayo. Ubhala kakhulu kuma-cinema, umsakazo, indawo yeshashalazi. Eba yilungu le-French People's Music Federation ngo-1935, u-Honegger, kanye nabanye abaculi abathuthukayo, bajoyina i-anti-fascist Popular Front. Phakathi nale minyaka, wabhala izingoma eziningi, wenza izinguquko zezingoma zomdabu, wabamba iqhaza ekuhlelweni komculo wemidlalo ngesitayela semikhosi emikhulu ye-Great French Revolution. Ukuqhubekela phambili okufanelekile komsebenzi kaHonegger kwaba umsebenzi wakhe eminyakeni edabukisayo yokuqashwa kwamaFascist eFrance. Ilungu lenhlangano ephikisayo, wabe esedala inqwaba yemisebenzi yokuqukethwe okujulile kokushisekela izwe. Lena i-Symphony Yesibili, Izingoma Zenkululeko nomculo wohlelo lomsakazo oluthi Beats of the World. Kanye nobuciko bezwi kanye ne-oratorio, ama-symphonies akhe angu-5 nawo ayingxenye yezimpumelelo eziphakeme kakhulu zomqambi. Ezokugcina zazo zabhalwa ngaphansi kombono oqondile wezenzakalo ezibuhlungu zempi. Ukukhuluma ngezinkinga ezivuthayo zesikhathi sethu, zaba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kohlobo lwe-symphonic lwekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

U-Honegger wembula i-credo yakhe yokudala hhayi kuphela ekuqambeni komculo, kodwa nasemisebenzini yezincwadi: wabhala izincwadi ezi-3 zomculo nezingezona iqiniso. Njengoba kunezihloko eziningi ezihlukahlukene emlandweni obalulekile womqambi, izinkinga zomculo wesimanje kanye nokubaluleka kwawo kwezenhlalo ziseqhulwini. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, umqambi wathola ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, wayengudokotela ohlonishwayo weYunivesithi yaseZurich, futhi wahola izinhlangano eziningi zomculo zomhlaba wonke ezigunyaziwe.

I. Vetlitsyna

Ukwakhiwa:

ama-opera – Judith (idrama yeBhayibheli, 1925, 2nd ed., 1936), Antigone (lyric tragedy, lib. J. Cocteau after Sophocles, 1927, tr “De la Monnaie”, Brussels), Eaglet (L'aiglon , ngokuhlanganyela noG. Iber, esekelwe emdlalweni ka-E. Rostand, 1935, owasungulwa ngo-1937, eMonte Carlo), amabhalethi – Iqiniso lingamanga (Vèritè – mensonge, puppet ballet, 1920, Paris), Skating-Ring (Skating-Rink, Swedish roller ballet, 1921, post. 1922, Champs Elysees Theatre, Paris), Fantasy (Phantasie, ballet- sketch , 1922), Under Water (Sous-marine, 1924, post. 1925, Opera Comic, Paris), Metal Rose (Rose de mètal, 1928, Paris), Cupid and Psyche's Wedding (Les noces d 'Amour et Psychè, on the themes of “French Suites” by Bach, 1930, Paris), Semiramide (ballet-melodrama, 1931, post. 1933, Grand Opera, Paris), Icarus (1935, Paris), The White Bird Has Flew ( Un oiseau blanc s' est envolè, ​​yomkhosi wezindiza, 1937, Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Paris), Ingoma Yezingoma (Le cantique des cantiques, 1938, Grand Opera, Paris), Ukuzalwa Kombala (La naissance des couleurs, 1940, ibid.), The Call of the Mountains (L'appel de la montagne, 1943, post. 1945, ibid.), Shota Rustaveli (kanye no-A. Tcherepnin, T. Harshanyi, 1945, Monte Carlo), Man in a Leopard Isikhumba (L'homme a la peau de lèopard, 1946); i-operetta - The Adventures of King Pozol (Les aventures du roi Pausole, 1930, tr “Buff-Parisien”, Paris), Beauty from Moudon (La belle de Moudon, 1931, tr “Jora”, Mézières), Baby Cardinal (Les petites Cardinal , noJ. Hibert, 1937, Bouffe-Parisien, Paris); esiteji oratorios – Inkosi uDavid (Le roi David, esuselwe emdlalweni kaR. Moraks, uhlelo lokuqala - Symphonic Psalm, 1, tr “Zhora”, Mezieres; 1921nd edition – dramatic oratorio, 2; 1923rd edition – opera -oratorio, 3, Paris ), Amphion (melodrama, 1924, post. 1929, Grand Opera, Paris), oratorio Cries of Peace (Cris du monde, 1931), dramatic oratorio Joan of Arc at the stake (Jeanne d' Arc au bucher, umbhalo kaP. Claudel, 1931, Spanish 1935, Basel), oratorio Dance of the Dead (La danse des morts, text by Claudel, 1938), dramatic legend Nicolas de Flue (1938, post. 1939, Neuchâtel ), Christmas Cantata (Une cantate de Noel , emibhalweni yokukhulekela neyomdabu, 1941); ye-orchestra - 5 symphonies (okokuqala, 1930; okwesibili, 1941; Liturgical, Liturgique, 1946; Basel injabulo, Deliciae Basilienses, 1946, symphony of three res, Di tre re, 1950), Prelude to the drama "Aglavena" (Plavena) Maleludeckel pour ” Aglavaine et Sèlysette”, 1917), Ingoma KaNigamon (Le chant de Nigamon, 1917), Inganekwane Yemidlalo Yomhlaba (Le dit des jeux du monde, 1918), Suite Summer Pastoral (Pastorale d'ètè , 1920), uMimic Symphony Horace- winner (Horace victorieux, 1921), Ingoma Yenjabulo (Chant de joie, 1923), Isandulelo se-Shakespeare's The Tempest (Prèlude pour “La tempete”, 1923), Pacific 231 (Pacific 231, 1923 ), Ibhola lombhoxo (Ibhola lombhoxo, 1928) , Symphonic movement No 3 (Mouvement symphonique No3, 1933), Suite emculweni wefilimu “Les Misérables” (“Les misèrables”, 1934), Nocturne (1936), Serenade Angélique (Sèlique) thela Angèlique, 1945), Suite archaique (Suite archaique , 1951), Monopartita (Monopartita, 1951); amakhonsathi ne-orchestra - ikhonsathi yepiyano (1924), yeVolch. (1929), ikhonsathi yegumbi lomtshingo, isiNgisi. uphondo nezintambo. orc. (1948); ama-ensembles wezinsimbi zegumbi — 2 ama-sonata e-Skr. kanye fp. (1918, 1919), i-sonata ye-viola nepiyano. (1920), i-sonata ye-vlc. kanye fp. (1920), i-sonatina ye-2 Skr. (1920), i-sonatina ye-clarinet nepiyano. (1922), i-sonatina ye-Skr. kanye ne-VC. (1932), izintambo ezi-3. quartet (1917, 1935, 1937), Rhapsody for 2 imitshingo, clarinet kanye upiyano. (1917), Ihubo lezintambo ezingu-10 (1920), 3 counterpoints for piccolo, oboe, skr. kanye ne-VC. (1922), I-Prelude kanye ne-Blues ye-quartet yehabhu (1925); okwepiyano - Scherzo, Humoresque, Adagio expressivo (1910), Toccata and Variations (1916), 3 izingcezu (Prelude, Dedication to Ravel, Hommage a Ravel, Dance, 1919), 7 pieces (1920), Sarabande from the album "Six" ( 1920) , Swiss Notebook (Cahier Romand, 1923), Dedication to Roussel (Hommage a A. Rousell, 1928), Suite (for 2 fp., 1928), Prelude, arioso kanye nefughetta endikimbeni ye-BACH (1932), Partita ( okwe-2 fp., 1940), 2 imidwebo (1943), Memories of Chopin (Souvenir de Chopm, 1947); okwevayolini eyedwa - sonata (1940); okwesitho – fugue and chorale (1917), for flute – Dance of the goat (Danse de la chevre, 1919); ezothando nezingoma, kuhlanganise noG. Apollinaire olandelayo, P. Verlaine, F. Jammes, J. Cocteau, P. Claudel, J. Laforgue, R. Ronsard, A. Fontaine, A. Chobanian, P. Faure nabanye; umculo wemidlalo yeshashalazi - Inganekwane Yemidlalo Yomhlaba (P. Meralya, 1918), Umdanso Wokufa (C. Larronda, 1919), Abasanda Kushada e-Eiffel Tower (Cocteau, 1921), uSawule (A. Zhida, 1922), Antigone ( Sophocles – Cocteau, 1922) , Lilyuli (R. Rolland, 1923), Phaedra (G. D'Annunzio, 1926), July 14 (R. Rolland; kanye nabanye abaqambi, 1936), Silk slipper (Claudel, 1943), Karl the Bold (R Morax, 1944), Prometheus (Aeschylus – A. Bonnard, 1944), Hamlet (Shakespeare – Gide, 1946), Oedipus (Sophocles – A. Both, 1947), State of Siege (A. Camus, 1948) ), Ngothando abazenzi ihlaya (A. Musset, 1951), Oedipus the King (Sophocles – T. Molniera, 1952); umculo womsakazo - imivimbo engu-12 phakathi kwamabili (Les 12 coups de minuit, C. Larronda, radiomystery for choir and orc., 1933), Radio panorama (1935), Christopher Columbus (V. Age, radio oratorio, 1940), Beatings of the world ( Battements du monde, Age, 1944), The Golden Head (Tete d'or, Claudel, 1948), St. Francis of Assisi (Age, 1949), The Atonement of François Villon (J. Bruire, 1951); umculo wamafilimu (35), okuhlanganisa “Ubugebengu Nesijeziso” (ngokusho kwe-FM Dostoevsky), “Les Misérables” (ngokuka-V. Hugo), “Pygmalion” (ngokuka-B. Shaw), “Ukuthunjwa” (ngokuka-Sh. F. Ramyu), "uCaptain Fracas" (ngokusho T. Gauthier), "Napoleon", "Flight over the Atlantic".

Imisebenzi yemibhalo: I-incantation aux fossiles, i-Lausanne (1948); Je suis compositeur, (P., 1951) (Ukuhunyushwa kwesiRashiya - ngingumqambi, L., 1963); Nachklang. Schriften, Izithombe. Idokhumenti, Z., (1957).

References: UShneerson GM, umculo wesiFulentshi wekhulu lama-XX, M., 1964, 1970; Yarustovsky B., Symphony mayelana nempi nokuthula, M., 1966; Rappoport L., Arthur Honegger, L., 1967; wakhe, Ezinye Izici ze-A. Honegger's Harmony, ngo-Sat: Izinkinga Zemodi, M., 1972; Drumeva K., Dramatic oratorio ka-A. Honegger “Joan of Arc on the stake”, eqoqweni: Kusukela emlandweni womculo wangaphandle, M., 1971; Sysoeva E., Eminye imibuzo ye-symphonism ka-A. Honegger, eqoqweni: Kusukela emlandweni womculo wangaphandle, M., 1971; eyakhe, A. Onegger's Symphonies, M., 1975; I-Pavchinsky S, imisebenzi ye-Symphonic ka-A. Onegger, M., 1972; George A., A. Honegger, P., 1926; UGerard C, A. Honegger, (Brux., 1945); Bruyr J., Honegger et son oeuvre, P., (1947); Delannoy M., Honegger, P., (1953); Tappolet W., A. Honegger, Z., (1954), id. (Neucntel, 1957); Jourdan-Morhange H., Mes amis musiciens, P., 1955 Guilbert J., A. Honegger, P., (1966); Dumesnil R., Histoire de la musique, t. 1959- La première moitiè du XX-e sícle, P., 5 (Ukuhunyushwa kwesiRashiya kwezingcezu - Dumesnil R., Abaqambi besimanje besiFulentshi beqembu leSix, umhleli kanye nendatshana eyisingeniso M. Druskina, L., 1960); Peschotte J., A. Honegger. L'homme et son oeuvre, P., 1964.