Michal Kleofas Ogiński (Michał Kleofas Ogiński) |
UMichał Kleofas Ogiński
Indlela yokuphila yomqambi wasePoland uM. Oginsky ifana nendaba ethakazelisayo, egcwele ukusonteka okungazelelwe kwesiphetho, ehlobene eduze nesiphetho esibuhlungu sezwe lakubo. Igama lomqambi lalizungezwe i-halo yothando, ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe kwavela izinganekwane eziningi ngaye (isibonelo, "wafunda" ngokufa kwakhe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa). Umculo we-Oginsky, obonisa ngokuzwela isimo sangaleso sikhathi, wandisa kakhulu isithakazelo kubuntu bombhali wawo. Umqambi naye wayenethalente lokubhala, ungumbhali wencwadi ethi Memoirs about Poland and Poles, izihloko ezikhuluma ngomculo, nezinkondlo.
U-Oginsky wakhulela emndenini ophakeme ofunde kakhulu. Umalume wakhe uMichal Kazimierz Ogiński, i-Great Hetman yaseLithuania, wayengumculi nembongi, edlala izinsimbi eziningana, eqamba ama-opera, ama-polonaise, ama-mazurkas, nezingoma. Wathuthukisa ihabhu futhi wabhala isihloko mayelana naleli thuluzi ku-Diderot's Encyclopedia. Endaweni yakhe yokuhlala i-Slonim (manje insimu yaseBelarus), lapho u-Oginsky osemusha evame ukufika khona, kwakukhona inkundla yemidlalo ye-opera, i-ballet ne-drama, i-orchestra, i-opera yasePoland, isiNtaliyane, isiFulentshi nesiJalimane. Isibalo sangempela Sokukhanyiselwa, uMichal Kazimierz wahlela isikole sezingane zendawo. Indawo enjalo yakha indawo evundile yokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ahlukahlukene ka-Oginsky. Uthisha wakhe wokuqala womculo kwakungu-O. Kozlovsky owayesemusha ngaleso sikhathi (owasebenza njengomculi wasenkantolo we-Oginskys), kamuva waba umqambi ovelele owaba neqhaza elikhulu esikweni lomculo lasePoland nelaseRussia (umbhali we-polonaise edumile ethi "Thunder of winning, umsindo"). U-Oginsky wafunda i-violin no-I. Yarnovich, wabe esethuthuka e-Italy no-G. Viotti no-P. Baio.
Ngo-1789, umsebenzi wezombangazwe ka-Oginsky uqala, uyinxusa lasePoland eNetherlands (1790), eNgilandi (1791); ebuyela eWarsaw, ubambe isikhundla sokuba ngumgcinimafa waseLithuania (1793-94). Akukho okwakubonakala kusibekela umsebenzi owawuqale kahle. Kodwa ngo-1794, kwaqubuka ukuvukela kukaT. Kosciuszko ukuze kubuyiselwe inkululeko yezwe (umbuso wasePoland-Lithuanian weCommonwealth wahlukaniswa phakathi kwePrussia, Austria kanye noMbuso WaseRussia). Njengoba i-patriot eshisekayo, u-Oginsky ujoyina amavukela-mbuso futhi uhlanganyela ngenkuthalo emzabalazweni, futhi unikeza yonke impahla yakhe "njengesipho ezweni lomama." Amamashi nezingoma zempi ezakhiwa umqambi phakathi nale minyaka zaduma kakhulu futhi zaduma phakathi kwamavukela-mbuso. U-Oginsky uhlonishwa ngengoma ethi "iPoland ayikakafi" (umbhali wayo akakasungulwa ngokunembile), okwathi kamuva yaba iculo lesizwe.
Ukunqotshwa kwalokhu kuvukela kwabangela isidingo sokushiya izwe lakubo. EConstantinople (1796) u-Oginsky uba ngumuntu osebenzayo phakathi kwama-patriots asePoland afuduka. Manje amehlo amaPoles asethe njo kuNapoleon, owabe esebonwa abaningi “njengojenene woguquko” (L. Beethoven wayehlose ukunikezela kuye “i-Heroic Symphony”). Ukukhazinyuliswa kukaNapoleon kuxhumene nokuvela kwe-opera ka-Oginsky kuphela ethi Zelida noValcour, noma iBonaparte eCairo (1799). Iminyaka eyachithwa sihambela eYurophu (Italy, France) kancane kancane yalenza laba buthaka ithemba lokuvuselelwa kwePoland ezimele. Ushwele ka-Alexander I (kuhlanganise nokubuyiselwa kwezindawo) wavumela umqambi ukuba eze eRussia futhi ahlale eSt. Petersburg (1802). Kodwa ngisho nasezimweni ezintsha (kusukela ngo-1802 u-Oginsky wayenguSenator woMbuso WaseRussia), imisebenzi yakhe yayihloselwe ukuthuthukisa isimo sezwe.
Ukuhlanganyela ngentshiseko empilweni yezombangazwe, u-Oginsky akakwazanga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ekuhlanganiseni umculo. Ngaphezu kwe-opera, izingoma ze-karate kanye nezothando ezimbalwa, ingxenye eyinhloko yefa lakhe elincane izingcezu zepiyano: imidanso yasePoland - ama-polonaise nama-mazurkas, kanye namamashi, ama-minuets, ama-waltzes. U-Oginsky waduma kakhulu ngamapholoni akhe (ngaphezu kwama-20). Ube ngowokuqala ukuhumusha lolu hlobo hhayi njengohlobo lomdanso kuphela, kodwa njengenkondlo enama-lyrical, ucezu lwepiyano oluzimele encazelweni yalo ecacile. Umoya wokulwa oqinile useduze no-Oginsky ngezithombe zokudabuka, ukudangala, okubonisa imizwa, imizwa yangaphambi kothando entanta emoyeni yangaleso sikhathi. Isigqi esicacile, esinwebekayo sepolonaise sihlanganiswe nokuzwakalisa kwezwi okushelelayo kwe-romance-elegy. Amanye amapholoni anamagama ohlelo: “Farewell, Partition of Poland.” I-polonaise "Farewell to the Motherland" (1831) isathandwa kakhulu kuze kube yilolu suku, ngokushesha, kusukela kumanothi okuqala, idala isimo sokukhuluma okuyimfihlo. Umdanso wasePoland ohaya izinkondlo, u-Oginsky uvulela u-F. Chopin omkhulu indlela. Izincwadi zakhe zanyatheliswa futhi zenziwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu - eParis naseSt. ).
Impilo enyakaziswayo yaphoqa u-Oginsky ukuba ashiye iSt. Petersburg futhi achithe iminyaka eyi-10 yokuphila kwakhe e-Italy, eFlorence. Kwaphela kanjalo-ke ukuphila komqambi, ocebile ezenzakalweni ezihlukahlukene, owama emsuka we-romanticism yasePoland.
K. Zenkin
