Ayini ama-melismas emculweni

Umculo uwubuciko bobuhle bomsindo. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zomculo, iculo lihamba phambili ngaphezu kokuhambisana nalo. Ukuvezwa komugqa we-melodic, ubushelelezi noma i-spasmodicity, i-timbre - konke lokhu kusetha isimo sengqondo nesithombe sokubunjwa. I-Melismas isiza ukucebisa ingoma, iyenze ikhanye, igqanyiswe kakhudlwana futhi ibenhle kakhulu. Ayini ama-melismas nokuhlobisa? Avelaphi la magama? Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqoka i-melismas futhi zichazwa kanjani? Uzofunda ngakho kuleli khasi. 

Iyini imihlobiso nama-melismas?

Igama elithi ornamentation livela egameni lesiLatini elithi ornamentum. Igama lihunyushwa ngesiRashiya njengomhlobiso. Ngokwenza umculo, ukuhlobisa kuhlanganisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ezikuvumela ukuthi uhlobise ingoma ngosizo lwamathoni asizayo. Izibalo ezengeziwe zibizwa nge-ornamentation, lezi zihlanganisa:

• izifanekiso - indlela yokucubungula umbhalo wezinto zomculo, indlela eguquguqukayo yokuthuthukiswa;
• ama-fioritures (transl. flowering) - amavesi e-virtuoso anesikhathi esincane;
• amavesi - ukunyakaza kwesikali;
• i-tiraty iyiphaseji esebenza ngokushesha efana nesikali. Leli gama lijwayeleke kakhulu kwezobuciko bezwi, nakuba livame ukutholakala emculweni wezinsimbi okhokhelwayo.

I-Melismas yitemu lomculo lemihlobiso emincane yomculo. Lokhu kuqokwa kutholakala kokubili emculweni wezwi kanye nezinsimbi. I-Melismas iyahluka ngesikhathi somsindo, ebunzimeni bokusebenza.

I-melismas eyinhloko esetshenziswa emculweni we-classic ibhekwa njenge:

• inothi elifushane lomusa;
• inothi elide lomusa;
• i-modent;
• i-gruppetto;
• i-trill;
• i-arpeggio.

Umculo unolimi olungavamile, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi ama-melismas awuhlobo oluthile lwezifinyezo ezidinga ukuchazwa. Isidingo esinjalo sokudala izimpawu ezikhethekile savela ukuze wonge isikhathi. Ake sicabangele i-melismas ngayinye ngokwehlukana.

Inothi lomusa: notation, indlela yokudlala

Kuhunyushwe kusuka kusiJalimane njengesigqi ngaphambi kwenothi. Lo mhlobiso we-melodic ungase ube nomsindo owodwa noma eminingi. Inothi lomusa landulela omunye wemisindo yomculo. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ngokuphathelene nesigqi, i-melisma ifakiwe ku-akhawunti yesikhathi esifakwe kuso. Ngokuvamile, notation inothi elincane noma amanothi abekwe ngaphezu kwenothi lomculo noma iculo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesikhathi: esifushane neside. Ngokungafani nelifushane, ubude benothi elide lomusa cishe njalo lithatha ingxenye noma ingxenye yesithathu yenothi eliyinhloko. Kuyivelakancane kakhulu. Buka isithombe bese ulalela umsindo wenothi elifushane lomusa nomsindo wenothi elide lomusa.

Imithetho yegeyimu yomusa:

1. Dlala inothi lomusa ngokushesha.
2. Khetha uhlelo lokusebenza olulungile. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa iminwe eseduze.
3. Ukunyakaza kufanele kube bushelelezi, kushelelezi.
4. Kumelwe kugcizelelwe kunothi eliyinhloko.

UMORdent: notation, indlela yokudlala

I-Mordens ihlukaniswe yaba eyodwa noma kabili. Noma kunjalo, zingahlukaniswa noma zibe lula. Ikhonjiswe njengomugqa we-wavy ocijile.

I-single modent elula iwukucula komsindo omkhulu ovela phezulu. Kulokhu, ubude besikhathi buhlukaniswa. Izwa ukuthi lo mhlobiso uzwakala kanjani.

I-double morden inde ngokuphindwe kabili kune-single morden. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kwenziwe ngezindleko zenothi eliyinhloko, okungukuthi, akufanele kuthathe isikhathi esingaphezu kwesikhathi esibekiwe. Lalela ukuthi i-cross out kanye ne-double mordents elula izwakala kanjani.

I-Gruppetto ichazwa njengeqembu lamanothi, ahlanganisa ukucula okuqhubekayo komsindo oyinhloko. Ngakho-ke uma uphawu lwe-gruppetto lungaphezu kwenothi elithi “yenza”, luzochazwa ngokuthi “re”, “do”, “si”, “do”. Lapho u-re no-si kuzoba amathoni ezethulo. Lesi sibalo senziwa phakathi nesikhathi esiyinhloko.

I-Trill: notation ukuthi idlalwa kanjani

Ngokwesu lokusebenza, i-trill ingenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu neziyinkimbinkimbi. Kushintshaniswa ngokushesha kwamanothi aseduze, okukhumbuza ama-nightingale trill. Ikhonjiswe njengenhlanganisela yezinhlamvu “tr” ngenhla kwenothi eliyinhloko. Lalela ukuthi lo mhlobiso uzwakala kanjani:

I-trill kufanele idlalwe kanje:

1. Asikho isidingo sokujaha lapho udlala ukulandelana kwamanothi ku-trill okokuqala ngqa.
2. Shifta isisindo sakho usuka komunye umunwe uye komunye;
3. Gcina umkhondo wokulingana komsindo;
4. Dlala kancane uze uzizwe ukhululekile ukunyakaza;
5. Khulisa kancane kancane ijubane uze ulethe ngesivinini esidingekayo.

Kubalulekile ukuthi i-trill ilingane futhi ingaphazamisi isigqi semitha yonke ekubunjweni kwayo.

Arpeggio: notation indlela ukudlala

Le nqubo ijwayelekile ngokuyinhloko ekusebenzeni kwamachords, kancane ngezikhathi ezithile. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinsimbini ezifana nepiyano, ihabhu, isiginci, noma iqembu lezintambo zezinsimbi. Kuboniswa umugqa oqondile ogoqekile kuyo yonke imisindo. Imisindo idlalwa kusukela phansi kuya phezulu ngokunyakaza okulandelanayo okusheshayo. Lalela ukuthi iculo lizwakala kanjani uma lidlalwa nge-arpeggio.

Ungafunda kanjani ukudlala i-arpeggios:

1. Khetha i-fingering elula;
2. Dlala kancane ukulandelana komsindo we-chord;
3. Qaphela ukulingana kwesigqi;
4. Kancane kancane, ijubane lingakhuphuka;
5. Qinisekisa ukuthi amahlombe awavuki, njengoba lokhu kubonisa ama-clamps.
6. Ukunyakaza kufanele kusheshe futhi kusheshise.

Kubalulekile ukuthi isandla singaboshiwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ibhulashi kufanele libe mahhala, kufanele lijwayele umsindo ongaphezulu we-chord.

Umlando wokuhlobisa

Lapho umculo uzalwa, khona-ke kwakukhona isifiso sokwenza isisusa sihluke kakhulu ngosizo lokuphenduka okuthakazelisayo. Kancane kancane, lapho kuqalwa ukuqanjwa komculo, lapho ubuciko bomculo buthathwa njengobungcwele, khona-ke ukubala phansi kwaqala emlandweni wokuhlobisa. Iqiniso liwukuthi izinguquko eziningi azizange zibe yingxenye yokuthuthukiswa kuphela, kodwa futhi nezimpawu ezithile ezazivame ukubhalwa ngabaqambi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-melismas kumculo wezinsimbi nowomculo kwathola ukuthandwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi seBaroque. Umculo kusukela ngekhulu le-16-18 wawugcwele imihlobiso emihle. Emisebenzini eminingi kaBach, ama-mordens nama-trill angatholakala. 

Ngalezo zinsuku, uhlobo “lwekhonsathi” lwaludlangile. Izici ezingavamile zohlobo zifaka isikhathi sokuncintisana, ku-cadence eyedwa umculi kwakudingeka abonise hhayi kuphela ubuhle kanye nomyalo ohlakaniphile wensimbi, kodwa futhi nesitayela somculo ngasinye. Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-melismas kusize ekwengezeni ubungqabavu nomlingiswa emculweni, futhi kubonise ikhono lomculi lokuthuthuka ngobuchule.

Emculweni wezwi, ikakhulukazi ku-opera yase-Italy, ukuhlobisa kwanikezwa ukubaluleka okukhulu. Abaculi kumele ngabe sebewazi kahle amasu asiza ukucula izingoma ezimnandi kalula.  

Imisebenzi eminingi yokuhlobisa kanye nenhle kakhulu ingatholakala enkathini yeRococo. Ukuchichima kwama-melismas kuyaphumelela emsebenzini wabashayi bamahabhu baseFrance uFrancois Couperin noJean Philippe Rameau.

Emculweni we-romanticism, i-melismatics nayo yathola ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo. Ezithombeni ezincane zepiyano zikaFranz Liszt, uFrederic Chopin, i-melismas yasiza ukufaka umbala kumculo, iyenze isuka enhliziyweni futhi ithinteke.

I-Melismas ingazwakala nasemculweni wesimanje. Ngakho ku-jazz ne-blues, abaculi bavame ukusebenzisa amanothi omusa nama-trill. Le mihlobiso iyisici ikakhulukazi sokuthuthukiswa.