Mattia Battistini (Mattia Battistini) |

Mattia Battistini

Umculi nomhlaziyi womculo u-S.Yu. U-Levik ube nenhlanhla yokubona nokuzwa umculi wase-Italy:

"U-Battistini wayecebile kakhulu ngama-overtones, aqhubeka ezwakala isikhathi eside ngemva kokuyeka ukucula. Ubonile ukuthi lo mculi uvale umlomo wakhe, kanti eminye imisindo isakugcina emandleni akhe. Leli zwi elithandekayo nelikhangayo ngokungavamile laliphulula isilaleli, njengokungathi limboza imfudumalo.

Izwi lika-Battistini lalingelona uhlobo, eliyingqayizivele phakathi kwama-baritones. Yayinayo yonke into ephawula izwi elivelele: okubili okugcwele, okugciniwe okuhle kwama-octave omsindo olinganayo, othambile ngokulinganayo kulo lonke uhla, eguquguqukayo, ehambayo, egcwele amandla ahloniphekile nokufudumala kwangaphakathi. Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthisha wakhe wokugcina u-Cotogni wenza iphutha "ngokwenza" u-Battistini i-baritone hhayi i-tenor, khona-ke leli phutha lalijabulisa. I-baritone, njengoba babehlekisa ngaleso sikhathi, yaphenduka "amaphesenti ayikhulu nangaphezulu." U-Saint-Saëns wake wathi umculo kufanele ube mnandi ngokwawo. Izwi likaBattistini lathwala ngokwalo kwalasha wokuthakazelisa: kwakuwumculo ngokwawo.

UMattia Battistini wazalelwa eRoma ngoFebhuwari 27, 1856. Indodana yabazali abahloniphekile, uBattistini wathola imfundo enhle kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, walandela ezinyathelweni zikayise futhi waphothula ubuhlakani bezokwelapha eNyuvesi yaseRoma. Kodwa-ke, efika entwasahlobo esuka eRoma eya eRieti, uMattia akazange aphazamise ubuchopho bakhe ngezincwadi zokufunda ngezomthetho, kodwa wayecula.

“Ngokushesha, naphezu kokuphikisa kwabazali bakhe,” kubhala uFrancesco Palmeggiani, “waziyeka ngokuphelele izifundo zakhe zaseyunivesithi futhi wazinikela ngokuphelele kwezobuciko. UMaestro Veneslao Persichini no-Eugenio Terziani, othisha abanolwazi nabashisekayo, bawazisa ngokugcwele amakhono avelele kaBattistini, bamthanda futhi bazama ukwenza konke okusemandleni ukuze afeze umgomo wakhe ayewufuna ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. KwakunguPersichini owamnika izwi kurejista ye-baritone. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, uBattistini wacula ku-tenor.

Futhi kwenzeka ukuthi uBattistini, eqale ukuba yilungu le-Roman Royal Academic Philharmonic, ngo-1877 wayephakathi kwabahlabeleli abahamba phambili abacula i-oratorio kaMendelssohn "Paul" ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Ettore Pinelli, futhi kamuva i-oratorio "Izinkathi Ezine" - omunye wemisebenzi emikhulu kaHaydn.

Ngo-August 1878, u-Battistini ekugcineni wathola injabulo enkulu: wenza okokuqala njengomuntu ocula yedwa esontweni lesonto ngesikhathi somkhosi omkhulu wenkolo wokuhlonipha i-Madonna del Assunta, ebigujwa e-Rieti kusukela kudala.

U-Battistini wacula izingoma ezimbalwa ngendlela encomekayo. Omunye wabo, womqambi uStame, obizwa ngokuthi “O Salutaris Ostia!” U-Battistini wayithanda kakhulu kangangokuthi kamuva wayicula ngisho phesheya, phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe wokunqoba.

Ngo-December 11, 1878, lo mculi osemusha wabhapathizwa esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini. Futhi izwi likaPalmejani:

I-opera kaDonizetti ethi The Favorite yadlalwa eTeatro Argentina eRome. U-Boccacci othile, umkhandi wezicathulo osemfashinini esikhathini esidlule, owanquma ukushintsha ubuciko bakhe ukuze enze umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu we-impresario yaseshashalazini, wayephethe yonke into. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi wenza kahle, ngoba wayenendlebe eyanele yokwenza ukukhetha okufanele phakathi kwabahlabeleli abadumile nabaqhubi.

Nokho, kulokhu, naphezu kokubamba iqhaza kwe-soprano edumile u-Isabella Galletti, omunye wabadlali abangcono kakhulu bendima kaLeonora ku-The Favorite, kanye ne-tenor ethandwayo uRosseti, isizini yaqala kabi. Futhi kuphela ngenxa yokuthi umphakathi usuvele uwanqabile ama-baritones amabili.

U-Boccacci wayejwayelene no-Battistini - wake wazethula kuye - bese kuba nombono ohlakaniphile futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, onesibindi. Ukudlala kwakusihlwa kwase kumenyezelwe lapho eyala umphakathi ukuthi waziswe ukuthi u-baritone, amchithe ngayizolo ethule cwaka, uyagula. Yena ngokwakhe waletha uBattistini osemusha kumqhubi uMaestro Luigi Mancinelli.

U-Maestro walalela u-Battistini ophiyano, ephakamisa ukuthi acule i-aria evela ku-Act III “A tanto amor”, futhi wamangala kakhulu. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ekugcineni avume ukushintshwa okunjalo, wanquma, uma kwenzeka, ukubonisana noGalletti - ngemva kwakho konke, kwakufanele bacule ndawonye. Phambi komculi odumile, uBattistini wayelahlekelwe ngokuphelele futhi akazange alinge ukucula. Kodwa uMaestro Mancinelli wamncenga ukuze ekugcineni abe nesibindi sokuvula umlomo wakhe futhi wazama ukwenza i-duet noGalletti.

Ngemva kwama-bar okuqala, u-Galletti wavula amehlo akhe kakhulu futhi wabheka ngokumangala uMaestro Mancinelli. U-Battistini, owayembhekile ekhoneni leso lakhe, wajabula futhi, efihla konke ukwesaba, ngokuzethemba waletha i-duet ekupheleni.

“Ngazizwa sengathi nginamaphiko akhula!” - kamuva watshela, echaza lesi siqephu esijabulisayo. U-Galletti wamlalela ngesithakazelo esikhulu nokunaka okukhulu, eqaphela yonke imininingwane, futhi ekugcineni akakwazanga ukuzibamba kodwa wanga u-Battistini. Wathi: “Ngangicabanga ukuthi phambi kwami ​​kunomdlali onamahloni, futhi kungazelelwe ngabona umdwebi owazi kahle umsebenzi wakhe!”

Lapho inhlolokhono iphela, uGalletti watshela uBattistini ngentshiseko: “Ngizocula nawe ngentokozo enkulu!”

Ngakho-ke uBattistini wenza i-debut yakhe njengeNkosi u-Alfonso XI waseCastile. Ngemuva komdlalo, uMattia wamangala ngempumelelo abengayilindele. UGalletti wamsunduza ngemva kwamakhethini wamemeza emlandela: “Phuma! Ngena esiteji! Bakushayela ihlombe!” Lo mculi osemusha wayejabule futhi edidekile kangangokuthi, efuna ukubonga izilaleli ezididekile, njengoba uFracassini ekhumbula, wakhumula isigqoko sakhe sobukhosi ngezandla zombili!

Ngezwi elinjalo nekhono elinjalo njengoba uBattistini ayenalo, akakwazanga ukuhlala isikhathi eside e-Italy, futhi umculi ushiya izwe lakubo ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala komsebenzi wakhe. U-Battistini wacula eRussia izinkathi ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha zilandelana, kusukela ngo-1888 kuya ku-1914. Wabuye wavakashela eSpain, Austria, Germany, Scandinavia, England, Belgium, Holland. Futhi yonke indawo wayephelezelwa ukutuswa nezindumiso ezivela kubagxeki abavelele baseYurophu, abamvuza ngezingoma ezithophayo, njengokuthi: "Maestro yazo zonke izikhulu zase-Italy bel canto", "Living perfection", "Vocal miracle", "King of baritones". ” nezinye izihloko eziningi ezihlekisayo!

Ngesinye isikhathi uBattistini wavakashela eNingizimu Melika. NgoJulayi-August 1889, wenza uhambo olude e-Argentina, eBrazil nase-Uruguay. Kamuva, umculi wenqaba ukuya eMelika: ukuhamba ngaphesheya kolwandle kwamlethela inkathazo enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wagula kakhulu eNingizimu Melika ngenxa ye-yellow fever. “Ngingaqwala intaba ephakeme kunawo wonke,” kusho uBattistini, “ngingehlela khona kanye esiswini somhlaba, kodwa angisoze ngaluphinda uhambo olude olwandle!”

I-Russia ibilokhu ingelinye lamazwe ayintandokazi ka-Battistini. Wahlangana lapho oshiseka kakhulu, ejabule, omunye angase athi ukwamukela okuphithizelayo. Umculi wayevame ukusho ngokuncokola ukuthi "iRussia ayikaze ibe izwe elibandayo kuye." Uzakwabo ocishe ahlale njalo kaBattistini eRussia uSigrid Arnoldson, owayebizwa ngokuthi “i-nightingale yaseSweden.” Iminyaka eminingi uphinde wacula no-Adelina Patti, Isabella Galletti, Marcella Sembrich, Olimpia Boronat, Luisa Tetrazzini, Giannina Russ, Juanita Capella, Gemma Bellinchoni noLina Cavalieri. Kubaculi, umngane wakhe omkhulu u-Antonio Cotogni, kanye noFrancesco Marconi, uGiuliano Gaillard, uFrancesco Tamagno, u-Angelo Masini, uRoberto Stagno, u-Enrico Caruso ovame ukucula naye.

Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa umculi wasePoland u-J. Wajda-Korolevich wacula noBattistini; Nakhu akukhumbulayo:

“Ubengumculi osezingeni eliphezulu. Angikaze ngizwe izwi elithambile kangaka empilweni yami. Wacula ngokukhululeka okungavamile, egcina kuwo wonke amarejista ukuthakazelisa komlingo we-timbre yakhe, wayehlala ecula ngokulinganayo futhi ehlala kahle - wayevele engakwazi ukucula kabi. Kufanele uzalwe unomsindo onjalo, umbala onjalo wezwi nokulingana komsindo walo lonke uhla akukwazi ukuzuzwa nganoma yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa!

NjengoFigaro ku-Barber yaseSeville, wayengenakuqhathaniswa. I-aria yokuqala, enzima kakhulu ngokwezwi nesivinini sokuphimisela, wayenza ngokumamatheka futhi ngokukhululeka kangangokuthi wayebonakala ecula ngokuhlekisa. Wayezazi zonke izingxenye ze-opera, futhi uma omunye wabaculi ephuzile nge-recitative, wayemculela. Wayephakela umgundi wakhe ngamancoko anobuqili - kwakubonakala ukuthi wayezijabulisa futhi ngokuthanda kwakhe wayeshaya le misindo eyinkulungwane emangalisayo.

Wayemuhle kakhulu – emude, eyakhiwe ngendlela emangalisayo, emomotheka okuthakazelisayo namehlo amakhulu amnyama omuntu waseningizimu. Lokhu, vele, kube nomthelela empumelelweni yakhe.

Ubuye waba yinhle kuDon Giovanni (ngacula naye uZerlina). U-Battistini wayehlala ejabule, ehleka futhi encokola. Wayethanda ukucula nami, ethanda izwi lami. Ngisasigcina isithombe sakhe sinombhalo othi: “Alia piu bella voce sul mondo”.

Phakathi nenye yezinkathi zokunqoba eMoscow, ngo-August 1912, lapho kudlalwa i-opera ethi "Rigoletto", izilaleli eziningi zavutha kakhulu, zithukuthele futhi zabiza i-encore, kangangokuthi uBattistini kwadingeka aphinde - futhi lokhu akulona ihaba. - yonke i-opera kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni. Umdlalo, owaqala ngehora lesishiyagalombili ebusuku, wawuphela ngehora lesithathu ekuseni kuphela!

INobility yayiyinto evamile kuBattistini. UGino Monaldi, isazi-mlando sezobuciko esaziwayo, uthi: “Ngasayina isivumelwano noBattistini mayelana nokukhiqizwa kanokusho kwe-opera kaVerdi ethi Simon Boccanegra eCostanzi Theatre eRome. Abadlali beshashalazi abadala bamkhumbula kahle kakhulu. Izinto azizange zingihambele kahle kakhulu, kangangokuthi ekuseni ngesikhathi sokudlala angizange ngibe nenani elidingekayo ukuze ngikhokhele i-orchestra kanye noBattistini ngokwakhe kusihlwa. Ngafika kumculi ngisadidekile ngaqala ngaxolisa ngokwehluleka kwami. Kodwa uBattistini weza kimi wathi: “Uma kuyilokhu kuphela, ngithemba ukuthi ngizokuqinisekisa ngokushesha. Udinga malini?” “Kufanele ngikhokhele i-orchestra, futhi ngikukweleta ama-lire angamakhulu ayishumi nanhlanu. Amalitha ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu namakhulu amahlanu kuphela.” “Awu,” esho, engixhawula, “nanka ama-lire ayizinkulungwane ezine eqembu le-orchestra. Imali yami uzoyibuyisela uma usukwazi.” Wayenjalo uBattistini!

Kuze kube ngu-1925, u-Battistini wacula ezisiteji zezindlu ze-opera ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kusukela ngo-1926, okungukuthi, lapho eseneminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa ubudala, ngokuyinhloko waqala ukucula emakhonsathini. Wayesenezwi elifanayo elihlanzekile, ukuzethemba okufanayo, ububele nomphefumulo ophanayo, kanye nempilo nokulula. Abalaleli eVienna, Berlin, Munich, Stockholm, London, Bucharest, Paris nasePrague bangaqiniseka ngalokhu.

Maphakathi nawo-20s, umculi waba nezimpawu zokuqala ezicacile zokugula kokuqala, kodwa uBattistini, ngesibindi esimangalisayo, waphendula odokotela abameluleka ukuba bakhansele ikhonsathi: "Makhosi ami, nginezinketho ezimbili kuphela - ukucula. noma ufa! Ngifuna ukucula!”

Futhi waqhubeka ecula ngokumangalisayo, futhi i-soprano u-Arnoldson nodokotela babehlezi ezihlalweni ngasesiteji, belungele ngokushesha, uma kudingekile, ukunikeza umjovo we-morphine.

Ngo-October 17, 1927, uBattistini wenza ikhonsathi yakhe yokugcina eGraz. ULudwig Prien, umqondisi weqembu le-opera eGraz, uyakhumbula: “Ebuyela emuva esiteji, wadiyazela, engakwazi nokuma ngezinyawo. Kodwa lapho ihholo limbiza, waphinda waphuma ukuyophendula imikhonzo, waqonda, waqoqa wonke amandla akhe futhi waphuma ephindelela ... "

Esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka kamuva, ngo-November 7, 1928, uBattistini wafa.