Alexander Iosifovich Baturin |

Alexander Baturin

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo u-Alexander Iosifovich yidolobha lase-Oshmyany, eduze kwaseVilnius (Lithuania). Umculi wakusasa wayevela emndenini wothisha wasemaphandleni. Uyise washona lapho uBaturin enonyaka nje ubudala. Ezingalo zikamama, ngaphezu kukaSasha omncane, kwakukhona izingane ezintathu ezengeziwe, futhi impilo yomndeni yayidinga kakhulu. Ngo-1911, umndeni Baturin wathuthela Odessa, lapho eminyakeni embalwa kamuva umculi esizayo wangena auto umakhenikha izifundo. Ukuze asize umama wakhe, uqala ukusebenza egalaji futhi ashayele izimoto eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Ephumputha injini, umshayeli osemusha wayethanda ukucula. Ngolunye usuku, waphawula ukuthi ozakwabo emsebenzini babemzungezile, belalele iphimbo lakhe elihle elimnandi. Ngokuphikelela kwabangane, u-Alexander Iosifovich wenza kusihlwa se-amateur egalaji lakhe. Impumelelo yaba nkulu kangangokuthi abaculi abangochwepheshe bamenywa kusihlwa olulandelayo, abazisa kakhulu i-AI Baturin. Inyunyana yabasebenzi bezokuthutha, umculi wesikhathi esizayo uthola ukudluliselwa kokuyofunda ePetrograd Conservatory.

Ngemva kokulalela ingoma kaBaturin, u-Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov, owayengumphathi we-conservatory ngaleso sikhathi, wanikeza lesi siphetho esilandelayo: "I-Baturin inobuhle obuvelele, amandla kanye nevolumu yezwi elifudumele nelicebile ..." Ngemva kokuhlolwa kokungena, i umculi wamukelwa ekilasini likaProfessor I. Tartakov. UBaturin wafunda kahle ngaleso sikhathi futhi waze wathola nomfundaze kubo. I-Borodin. Ngo-1924, uBaturin wathweswa iziqu ePetrograd Conservatory. Esivivinyweni sokugcina, u-AK Glazunov wenza inothi: “Izwi elihle kakhulu le-timbre enhle, eqinile futhi enoju. Unekhono elimangalisayo. Sula isichazamazwi. Isimemezelo sePlastiki. 5+ (okuhlanganisa okuhlanu). I-People's Commissar for Education, esezijwayele lokhu kuhlolwa komqambi odumile, ithumela umculi osemusha eRoma ukuze athuthuke. Lapho, u-Alexander Iosifovich wangena eSanta Cecilia Academy of Music, lapho afunda khona ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaMattia Battistini odumile. KuLa Scala kaMilan, umculi osemusha ucula izingxenye zikaDon Basilio noPhilip II eDon Carlos, bese ecula ku-opera ethi Bastien noBastienne kaMozart noGluck's Knees. U-Baturin uphinde wavakashela amanye amadolobha ase-Italy, ebamba iqhaza ekusebenzeni kwe-Verdi's Requiem (Palermo), edlala kumakhonsathi e-symphony. Ngemva kokuphothula e-Academy of Rome, umculi uvakashela eYurophu, evakashela eFrance, eBelgium naseJalimane, bese ebuyela ezweni lakubo futhi ngo-1927 wabhaliswa soloist at Bolshoi Theatre.

Umdlalo wakhe wokuqala eMoscow kwaba njengoMelnik (Mermaid). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, u-Alexander Iosifovich uye wenza izindima eziningi esiteji seBolshoi. Ucula kokubili izingxenye ze-bass ne-baritone, ngoba ububanzi bezwi lakhe bukhulu ngokungavamile futhi bumvumela ukuba abhekane nezingxenye ze-Prince Igor no-Gremin, i-Escamillo ne-Ruslan, i-Demon ne-Mephistopheles. Ububanzi obunjalo buwumphumela wokuzikhandla komculi ekukhiqizeni izwi lakhe. Yiqiniso, isikole sezwi esihle kakhulu uBaturin adlula kuso, ikhono alithola lokusebenzisa amarejista ezwi ahlukahlukene, nokutadisha amasu esayensi yomsindo nakho kwaba nomthelela. Umculi usebenza ngokujulile ikakhulukazi ezithombeni ze-opera zaseRussia zakudala. Abalaleli nabagxeki ikakhulukazi baqaphela izithombe ezidalwe ngumculi we-Pimen e-Boris Godunov, u-Dosifei e-Khovanshchina, u-Tomsky ku-Queen of Spades.

Ngomuzwa ofudumele, u-Alexander Iosifovich wakhumbula NS Golovanov, ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe walungisa izingxenye zeNkosana Igor, uPimen, uRuslan noTomsky. Ibanga lokudala lomculi landiswa ukwazana kwakhe nenganekwane yaseRussia. U-AI Baturin ucule ngomphefumulo wonke izingoma zomdabu zaseRussia. Njengoba abagxeki baleyo minyaka baphawula: "Hhayi, ake sehle" futhi "Along the Piterskaya" baphumelele ngokukhethekile ... "NgeMpi Yezwe Enkulu, lapho iBolshoi Theatre ikhishwa eKuibyshev (Samara), ukukhiqizwa kwe-opera. J. Rossini “William Tshela”. U-Alexander Iosifovich, owadlala indima yesihloko, wakhuluma ngalo msebenzi kanje: "Ngangifuna ukwakha isithombe esicacile somuntu onesibindi ngokumelene nabacindezeli babantu bakhe, evikela izwe lakubo. Ngafunda indaba isikhathi eside, ngazama ukuzwa umoya wangaleso sikhathi ukuze ngidwebe isithombe esingokoqobo seqhawe lesintu elihloniphekile. Yebo, umsebenzi wokucabangela uye wathela izithelo.

U-Baturin unake kakhulu ukusebenza ku-repertoire yekamelo. Ngomdlandla, umculi wenza imisebenzi yabaqambi besimanje. Waba ngumdlali wokuqala wezothando eziyisithupha ezinikezelwe kuye nguDD Shostakovich. I-AI Baturin nayo ibambe iqhaza kumakhonsathi e-symphony. Phakathi kwempumelelo yomculi, abantu besikhathi sakhe bathi ukusebenza kwakhe kwezingxenye eziyedwa ku-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony kanye ne-symphony-cantata kaShaporin ethi "Ensimini yaseKulikovo". U-Alexander Iosifovich uphinde wadlala amafilimu amathathu: "Icala Elilula", "Concert Waltz" kanye "noMhlaba".

Ngemva kwempi, u-AI Baturin wafundisa ikilasi lokucula yedwa e-Moscow Conservatory (N. Gyaurov wayephakathi kwabafundi bakhe). Wabuye walungiselela umsebenzi wesayensi kanye nendlela yokwenza "Isikole Sokucula", lapho ayefuna ukuhlela ulwazi lwakhe olucebile futhi anikeze incazelo eningiliziwe yezindlela zokufundisa ukucula. Ngokuhlanganyela kwakhe, ifilimu ekhethekile yadalwa, lapho izindaba ze-vocal theory kanye nokusebenza zihlanganiswa kabanzi. Kwaphela isikhathi eside e-Bolshoi Theatre, uBaturin wasebenza njengothisha ongumxhumanisi.

I-Discography ye-AI Baturin:

1. I-Queen of Spades, ukuqoshwa kokuqala okuphelele kwe-opera ngo-1937, indima kaTomsky, ikhwaya kanye ne-orchestra yeBolshoi Theatre, umqhubi - SA Samosud, ehlangene no-K. Derzhinskaya, N. Khanaev, N. Obukhova, P. Selivanov, F. Petrova nabanye. (Okwamanje lokhu okuqoshiwe kukhishwe phesheya kwezilwandle nge-CD)

2. I-Queen of Spades, ukuqoshwa kwesibili okuphelele kwe-opera, ngo-1939, ingxenye ye-Tomsky, i-choir ne-orchestra ye-Bolshoi Theatre, umqhubi - SA Samosud, ehlangene no-K. Derzhinskaya, N. Khanaev, M. Maksakova, P. Nortsov, B. Zlatogorova nokunye.

3. "Iolanta", ukuqoshwa kokuqala okuphelele kwe-opera ka-1940, ingxenye kadokotela u-Ebn-Khakiya, ikhwaya kanye ne-orchestra yeBolshoi Theatre, umqhubi - SA Samosud, ehlangene noG. Zhukovskaya, A. Bolshakov, P. Nortsov , B. Bugaisky, V. Levina nabanye. (Okokugcina lokhu okuqoshiwe kurekhodiwe kaMelodiya kwakungo-1983)

4. "Prince Igor", ukuqoshwa kokuqala okuphelele kwe-1941, ingxenye ye-Prince Igor, i-choir kanye ne-orchestra ye-State Opera House, umqhubi - A. Sh. UMelik-Pashaev, ehlangene no-S. Panovoy, N. Obukhovoi, I. Kozlovsky, M. Mikhailov, A. Pirogov nabanye. (Okwamanje lokhu okuqoshiwe kuphinde kwakhishwa ku-CD eRussia naphesheya)

5. "U-Alexander Baturin uyacula" (irekhodi legramophone lenkampani yaseMelodiya). U-Arias ovela kuma-operas "Prince Igor", "Iolanta", "Queen of Spades" (izingcezu zokuqoshwa okuphelele kwalawa ma-opera), i-Kochubey's arioso ("Mazeppa"), ama-couplets ka-Escamillo ("Carmen"), imibhangqwana kaMephistopheles (" Faust”), “Field battle” kaGurilev, “Flea” kaMussorgsky, izingoma ezimbili zomdabu zaseRussia: “Ah, Nastasya”, “Along the Piterskaya”.