Umlando wesiginci

Isiginci iyinsimbi yomculo ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Namuhla, alikho nekhonsathi elilodwa lomculo obukhoma elingenza ngaphandle kwalo. Yingakho sifuna ukukutshela ngomlando wesiginci. Kuhle kokubili njengengxenye ye-orchestra, ibhendi noma iqembu lomculo, futhi ekuzilolongeni okukodwa, lapho umculi engajabulela ngisho nokudlala yedwa.

Ithuluzi selilokhu liya enkazimulweni enjalo isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu elilodwa.

Okuningi mayelana nesiginci

Ngomqondo obanzi, noma yisiphi isiginci siyi-chordophone, umsindo utholakala ngenxa yokudlidliza kwentambo enwetshiwe phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili. Imikhiqizo enjalo yaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Base bevele beyimpucuko yaseGibhithe lasendulo futhi ngisho nangaphambili - emasikweni ezolimo aseMedithera enkathi yethusi neyethusi. Izazi-mlando ze-guitar zezinsimbi zomculo ziyingxenye yomndeni we-lute, ngoba ayinawo umzimba kuphela, kodwa futhi i-fretboard, lapho izintambo ziboshwe ngeminwe.

Umlando wensimbi yomculo

Abanduleli besiginci bayizinsimbi ezihlutshiwe, ngaleso sikhathi ezazingakabi nayo intamo: i-cithara ne-zither. Zadlalwa eGibhithe lasendulo naseGrisi lasendulo, futhi kamuva eRoma. Ngokufika kwentamo ende emincane, isidingo se-resonator eqinile savela. Ekuqaleni, yayenziwe ngezikebhe ezingenalutho nezinye izinto ezinamandla: igobolondo lofudu, izithelo zamathanga omisiwe, noma izingcezu zeziqu zokhuni ezivalekile. Ikesi lokhuni, elakhiwe ngamabhodi awo omsindo aphezulu naphansi kanye nezindonga eziseceleni (amagobolondo), lasungulwa eShayina yasendulo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka AD.

Ukusuka lapho, lo mbono wathuthela emazweni ase-Arab, ahlanganiswe nesiginci samaMoor, futhi ngekhulu lesi-8-9 lafika eYurophu.

Umsuka wegama

Isiginci siqanjwe ngolimi lwesiLatini njengoba lwaluvame ukwamukelwa phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi. Igama lesiGreki elithi “cithara”, abantu abambalwa baseYurophu ababekwazi ukulifunda ngemva kokuwa koMbuso WamaRoma WaseNtshonalanga, ngenxa yalokho lahunyushwa kwelesiLatini elithi cithara. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isiLatini saphinde saba nezinguquko - igama lalinefomu elithi quitaire, futhi ezilimini zesi-Romano-Germanic zaqala ukuzwakala njengesiginci.

Ngokomlando, izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo zihehe inani elikhulu labalandeli ngenxa yobulula bazo kanye ne-euphony. Futhi yisiginci esithatha indawo yokuqala ngokufanelekile. Ngokokuqala ngqa, isiginci, ngomqondo ojwayelekile, savela eSpain, phakathi nekhulu lesi-6, kwakuyisiginci esibizwa ngokuthi isiLatini. Izazi-mlando zithi umsuka wesiginci sakudala uya eMpumalanga Ephakathi, njengethuluzi elihlobene nelute. Igama elithi "isiginci" ngokwalo livela ekuhlanganisweni kwamagama amabili asendulo: "sangita" - umculo kanye "netiyela" - intambo. Izinkomba zokuqala ezibhaliwe zalesi sisetshenziswa somculo ngaphansi kwegama elithi "isiginci" zavela ngekhulu le-13. Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, inguquko ende yomculo isiqalile, ithuluzi esilijwayele kangaka kithi.

EYurophu, kuze kube sekupheleni kweRenaissance, kwakuyizibonelo ezinezintambo ezingu-4 ezazibusa phakathi kweziginci. Isiginci esinezintambo ezi-5 saqala ukubonakala e-Italy ngesikhathi esifanayo. Iziginci ezifanayo zazinokusuka ku-8 kuye kwayi-10. Kodwa ekuthuthukisweni kokwakhiwa kwesiginci, inani leziginci ezisetshenziswayo lapho lidlalwa landa lafinyelela ku-10, lase lifinyelela ku-12. Nokho, iziginci ezinezintambo eziyisithupha zavela ekhulwini lesi-7 kuphela, futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 kuphela lapho isiginci thola uhlobo lwaso olujwayelekile.

Izitayela ezihlukahlukene zomculo, izinto ezahlukene zokwakha kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha kuholele ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zeziginci zanamuhla. Ngesitayela ngasinye, kunethuluzi elihlangabezana nezidingo ezishiwo. Ezweni lanamuhla, ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zalesi sisetshenziswa, akunzima ukuthenga isiginci.

Uhlobo lokuqala futhi cishe oluvame kakhulu lwesiginci yilona lwakudala. Akuyona ize ukuthi isiginci esinjalo sabizwa ngokuthi "i-classical", ngoba ukubonakala kwayo, ukuhlelwa kwayo kanye nomklamo kuhlala kungashintshile ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka. Isiginci esinjalo sinentamo ebanzi, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ibanga eliphakathi kwezintambo, elikuvumela ukuthi wenze izingxenye zomculo zemfundo kalula. I-timbre ethambile yaleli thuluzi ingena kahle esikalini se-orchestral iyonke, futhi ukujiya kwentamo kukuvumela ukuthi wenze isilungiselelo esifanele sesandla sobunxele lapho udlala.

Uhlobo olulandelayo lwesiginci yisiginci se-acoustic, noma nje “ama-acoustics”. Ngokulandelana, emhlabeni akekho umuntu okungenani kanye ongazange abambe ama-acoustics ezandleni zakhe. Lesi siginci sisetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwabaculi bazo zonke izinhlobo zomculo - kusukela kunsimbi kuya ku-hip-hop. Ukusabalala okunjalo kwalolu hlobo lwesiginci kungenxa yokuguquguquka nokubalula, ivolumu kanye nokuba lula kwensimbi. Lesi siginci sihlanganisa i-resonance enhle kakhulu namandla okuguquguquka kalula kanye nokwenza izinto eziningi. Ayikho imikhawulo yesiginci esinjalo - singasetshenziselwa ukucula izingoma ze-bard eduze komlilo, ukucula ezinkundleni zezemidlalo zezinkulungwane eziningi, noma ukuqamba okuhambisanayo kokuqoshwa okulandelayo.

Umlando wesiginci sikagesi

I-niche enkulu phakathi kwazo zonke iziginci ihlala iziginci zikagesi. Lezi zihlanganisa ama-bass guitar. Ngokokuqala ngqa emakethe ebanzi, igitala lalolu hlobo lavela ngo-1931, elaklanywa ngu-Adolf Rickenbacker. Ama-guitar kagesi athola igama lawo endleleni akhiqiza ngayo umsindo - ukudlidliza kwezintambo kudluliselwa kumagnethi (okubizwa ngokuthi ama-pickups), bese kuba ku-amplifier, okwenza umsindo wokugcina. Le ndlela ivula amathuba angapheli ekusebenziseni isiginci. Kusukela kulolu suku kuqala isikhathi eside, esigcwele amagama amakhulu, indlela yama-guitar kagesi.

Noma yimuphi umculi uyazi izinhlobo ezinjalo zeziginci zikagesi njengokuthi "Gibson" kanye "Fender". Yilezi zinkampani ezabeka ithoni evamile ekwakheni isiginci, ezithatha izikhundla eziphezulu kuze kube namuhla. Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60, uGibson ukhiqize imodeli ye-Les Paul, eqanjwe ngomklami wayo. Le modeli inethoni ebonakalayo futhi isetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo, kusukela ku-blues kuya kwensimbi yesimanje.

Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngokuthuthukiswa kweziginci kanye nemishini yazo, izinhlobo ezintsha ziye zavela ezidinga izixazululo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Ukuvela kohlobo oludumile lwe-rock ne-roll kwandise iziginci zikagesi futhi kwazisungula njengamathuluzi akwazi ukuqopha umsindo onamandla futhi ohlabayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo, abadlali besiginci baqala ukukhetha amamodeli ahlukene weziginci zikagesi, njengokungathi babeka ithoni yawo wonke ukugeleza komculo. Ngokwesibonelo, ekupheleni 80s ekhulwini lamashumi amabili kwavela okuthiwa "metal guitar".

Isiginci sensimbi sibonakala ngentamo encane e-ergonomic, ama-electronics anamandla, izinkuni eziqinile kanye nedizayini enolaka. Iziginci eziholayo zensimbi zivame ukuhlonyiswa ngamasistimu e-tremolo ahlukene kabili ukuze anwebe uhla lomculo lomdlali. Futhi, ezinhlotsheni ezinzima kakhulu, amathuluzi anenombolo engajwayelekile yezintambo asetshenziswa - kusuka ku-7 kuya ku-10. Mayelana nokuklama, abakhiqizi abaningi baya ekuhloleni okunesibindi, benza ama-guitar ayingqayizivele ngempela, ngokubukeka kwawo, asevele ekhuluma ngokubaluleka kwezinhloso. kanye nevolumu yomdlali.

Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo Nge-Guitar

1. Ngawo-1950, isisebenzi sikaGibson u-Les Paul wenza i-hybrid - isiginci sikagesi esinomzimba ozwakalayo ozwakalayo, okwenza kube lula ukudlala ngaphandle kwamandla kagesi. Abaphathi babengenantshisekelo kulo mbono, futhi umbono wanikezwa umsunguli uLeo Fender.
2. Ukuma okulungile kokudlala isiginci se-classical (kumuntu ophethe ngesandla sokudla) ingemuva liqondile, umlenze wesobunxele usendaweni ekhethekile, isiginci silala ngokugoba komzimba ethangeni lomlenze wesobunxele. Intamo iphakanyisiwe kuze kufike ku-45 °. Kwaziwa abaningi, ukuma edolweni elingakwesokudla ngebha ehambisana nomhlabathi kubhekwa njengokungezona ezemfundo, "igceke".
3. Abashayi besiginci be-Virtuoso, abavame ukudlala ngezitayela nokhiye abahlukene ngesikhathi sengoma efanayo, ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa iziginci ezinentamo emibili noma emithathu, ngayinye enezintambo ezihlukene .

Umlando wesiginci kuvidiyo