Umsebenzi womculo wezimfundamakhwela |

Umsebenzi womculo we-Amateur e-USSR ungumsebenzi wabantu abangazihlanganisi kwezobuciko. Muses. S. ihlanganisa ukusebenza komuntu ngamunye kanye neqoqo instr. futhi wok. umculo wezimfundamakhwela, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamamuse yibo. umkhiqizo. Njengomthetho, amalungu e-S. angamalungu eSamoed. amaqoqo, ama-studio, imibuthano, i-to-rye ihlelwe e-decomp. amabhizinisi, izikhungo, amayunithi ezempi, njll. izikhungo, amapulazi ahlangene, amapulazi kahulumeni, njll. Ngekhulu le-19. ngesinyathelo sabamele i-progressive intelligentsia kanye nokusekelwa kwezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi eRussia, imiphakathi yaqala ukuvela. cult.-clearance. izinhlangano, i-to-rye yasiza ukwakheka kwama-muses. S. ch. ar. abantu basedolobheni (amakhwaya abalimi athokozele ukwesekwa ngumphakathi). Ngokuvumelana. 19 - cela. Ikhulu lama-20 Imisebenzi yeRussian Choral Society (eMoscow, 1878-1915) kanye nePeople's Conservatories (eyaqala ngo-1906 yavulwa eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg, eSaratov, Kazan nakwamanye amadolobha) yayinamandla kakhulu. Kusuka ku-con. 70s kukhona umculo osebenzayo. S. (ngo-1876 ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zikaloliwe i-Kozlovsky esifundazweni saseTambov - ikhwaya ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-AD Kastalsky; ngeminyaka yama-90s embonini yokweluka iGold-weaving eMoscow, lapho u-KS Stanislavsky engomunye wabaqondisi - ikhorasi yabasebenzi, ke - ibhendi yethusi; ngo-1906 - i-choir ye-Prechistensky Courses eMoscow). Eminyakeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 kwadalwa abaningi. amakilabhu abasebenzi nabalimi, ikwaya. kanye nethiyetha. izinkomishi, uthando. amathuluzi omculo we-orchestra. (Ngo-February 1911 eMoscow, eHholo Elincane LoMhlangano Ophakeme, kwaba nekhonsathi iqembu labampofu lesifunda saseRyazan, iTula neVoronezh ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-ME Pyatnitsky, manje osekuyi-Pyatnitsky Russian Folk Choir.) Kusukela exukwini ukubonakaliswa komculo. Imikhosi yezingoma eBaltics yathatha indawo ebalulekile (yokuqala ngo-1869 e-Estonia).

Kuhle u-Oct. usocialist. uguquko lwavula inkathi entsha ekuthuthukisweni kwe-S., ezuza ububanzi obungakaze bubonwe. Kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala yeSoviet amandla omculo. C. umbuso uthunyelwa e-USSR. kanye nezinhlaka zeqembu, ezixhaswa uhulumeni nezinyunyana zabasebenzi, usizwa ngokudiliza. imiphakathi. izikhungo (izinyunyana zabaqambi, ikhwaya. mayelana-va, mayelana-ku-"Ulwazi", njll.). Nov Ngo-1917, umnyango wezemfundo yezepolitiki wasungulwa ku-People's Commissariat of Education (kusukela ngo-1920 - i-Main Political Clearance. Ikomidi le-RSFSR), umholi wabo unomphela okwaze kwaba ngu-1930 kwakunguN. KUYA. Krupskaya. Emthwalweni weMuses wakhe. umnyango wawuhlanganisa ukudalwa kwe-repertoire yamakhorasi amaningi, ubuholi bamaqembu ezempi kanye nenhlangano yezinhlobonhlobo. amaholide. Ngalesi sikhathi izidalwa. indima emculweni wenqwaba. UMuses udlale umsebenzi. Umnyango waseMoscow. Proletkult (1918), K. C. Alekseev, N. Ya Bryusova A. D. Kastalsky, B. B. Krasin, G. AP Lyubimov nabanye. Kusho umnikelo emsebenzini weTambov Proletcult wenziwe nguD. C. Vasiliev-Buglai. Mnu. amakhonsathi ahlelwe yiProletkult anikezwa ababambe iqhaza kwezobuciko. C. Kwavuka abaningi ezweni. kwavulwa amakhwaya ezisebenzi nama-orchestra, iziklabhu zabasebenzi namasosha. C. (ePetrograd, Kharkov, Kyiv, Odessa, njll.). Enye yezibonakaliso zokuqala ze-muses. C. bekudlalwa amakhwaya nama-orchestra ahlangene eProletkult kuvulwa icwecwe lesikhumbuzo elithi “Labo abawela emzabalazweni wokuthula nobuzalwane bezizwe” ngoNovemba 7. Ngo-1918 eRed Square phambi kuka-V. FUTHI. Lenin. E-Petrograd, kusukela ngo-1919, ukusebenza okuhlangene kweminyuziyamu. amaqoqo ayehlotshaniswa nezinsuku zokuguquguquka kanye nokuvulwa kweCongress of Soviets. Ukuze ugcwalise kabusha iqoqo lomculo. C. zazisetshenziswa kakhulu. imiculo, kuhl. kanye nezinguquko, ngemibhalo emisha. Phakathi neminyaka yeMpi Yombango ka-1918-20, ukunakwa okuyinhloko kwanikezwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Red Army S. Ama-Muses asebenza emikhawulweni, eminyangweni yezombangazwe yamayunithi ezempi kanye nokwakheka. izinkomishi (Chapaevskaya 25th Division, First Cavalry Army, njll.). Ehhashini. 1918 eMoscow, amalungu club at the Heavy Artillery Division kwaba iposi. (esimisweni sesiteji esigcwele) isenzo sokuqala se-opera ethi Faust kaGounod. Amasosha e-Red Army e-Reserve Rifle Battalion e-Khodynka ahlele izimfundamakhwela ezi-2. i-symphony orchestra. Kusukela ekwindla ka-1920, iminyango yezombangazwe yamayunithi ezempi yaqala ukwakha amakhwaya e-Red Army; kusukela ngo-1921 kwavulwa amakilabhu e-Red Army. Ku-20-ies. kwakhiwa izinhlobo ezintsha zobuciko. C. – “Live Newspapers” (ukulingisa izihloko zephephandaba kuhlanganiswe nomculo. amakamelo), kusukela ngo-1923 - elandela isibonelo eMoscow. I-Institute of Journalism - "Ama-Blue Blouses" (iyunifomu, lapho abahlanganyeli benza khona), emadolobhaneni - "Amahembe Abomvu". Ngo-1928, cishe. 7000 amaqembu afanayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni komculo. C. yayinencwadi evela ku-Central Committee ye-RCP(b) “On Proletcults” (1920), umbiko ka-V. FUTHI. Lenin "Inqubomgomo Entsha Yezomnotho kanye Nemisebenzi Yezemfundo Yezombangazwe" (1921), umbiko ngomsebenzi weMfundo Eyinhloko Yezombangazwe ku-10th Congress ye-RCP (b) (March 1921). KuKhongolose ye-13 ye-RCP(b) ngoMeyi 1924 kwaba nesikhundla. umsebenzi uwukuguqula amathimba abasebenzi abe yizikhungo zamaKhomanisi. imfundo yabantu abaningi. I-All-Union Conference of Cultural Workers, ebibanjwe ngoMbasa. 1926, ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okuqinisiwe kwamamyuziyamu wabasebenzi. C. emadolobheni ahlukene eSoviet Union (Baku, Kyiv, Odessa, Sverdlovsk, Kharkov, njll) futhi kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kobuciko bakhe. izinga (ku-Veliky Ustyug A. U-Ya Kolotilova wahlela i-choir ngo-1926. iqoqo labasebenzi basefekthri kanye nezindawo zokusebenzela zezandla, ezathola igama ngo-1938. I-Northern Nar. ikwaya futhi waba u-prof. iqembu). Isikhuthazo sokuthuthukisa izinhlobo zomculo. C. amalungiselelo okugubha iminyaka eyi-10 ka-Oct. i-revolution. Ngo-1927, i-Olympiad yokuqala eyimfundamakhwela yaqhutshelwa eLeningrad. isk-va – iculo elihlanganyelwe lamakhwaya asebenzayo nama-orchestra (nar. izinsimbi zomculo nethusi) nesamba se-approx. Abantu abangu-6000 (umhleli - umqhubi I. AT. Nemtsev). (Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ama-Olympiads (kamuva - imikhosi) asephenduke amaholide endabuko eminyuziyamu. C. emadolobheni aseSoviet Union.) Ngawo lowo nyaka emqhudelwaneni wezinyunyana zobuciko. imibuthano ibihanjelwe uSt. 20 amathuluzi okhestra. EMoscow, ngamabutho ezimfundamakhwela. imibuthano yayithunyelwe. I-Opera ethi "Breakthrough" kaPototsky (Center. ikilabhu yabasebenzi umsoco) kanye "Aleko" by Rachmaninov (Railroadmen's Club). E-Leningrad ngo-1928 kwakukhona isikhundla embonini ye-Red Triangle. I-opera ethi "Ruslan noLyudmila" kaGlinka. Ekuqaleni kuka-1928 kwakukhona iminyuziyamu engu-10. imibuthano emadolobheni kanye nama-30 ezindaweni zasemakhaya, cishe. 1 million abantu. Impumelelo eyinhloko yalesi sikhathi kwakungeyona nje kuphela ukufakwa okubanzi kwabahlanganyeli be-S., kodwa futhi nokujwayelana kwabo nobuciko obuphezulu. izinhlobo zomculo isk-va.

Ngo-1928 no-1929 izingqungquthela ze-All-Union mayelana nobuciko obukhulu zabanjwa. sebenza entsheni yasemakhaya nakwezobuciko. umsebenzi wezinyunyana, ukunaka okukhulu ku-rykh kwakuqondiswe ekuqiniseni iminyuziyamu yasemaphandleni. C. Ngale njongo, kwaba nemincintiswano yabadlali ababehlala emabhantshini. amathuluzi. Ikakhulukazi ummeleli kwaba umncintiswano 2 (wesifundazwe) of accordionists kanye accordionists eMoscow (January 1-8, 1928; owokuqala senzeka Leningrad ngo-1, AK Glazunov wayengusihlalo wejaji). Ingqikithi yababambe iqhaza kulo mncintiswano ifinyelele kubantu abangu-1927. Ilungu lamajaji kwakungu-MM Ippolitov-Ivanov (prev.), AV Lunacharsky, NK Krupskaya, AA Davidenko nabanye. ikhonsathi (e-Bolshoy T-re) yayihanjelwe ngu-BV Geltser, AV Nezhdanova, NA Obukhova, lapho ama-accordionists ahambisana khona. Ngo-4000, kwaba nomncintiswano wabahlanganyeli emculweni e-Ukraine. imibuthano. Kumfundamakhwela wokuqala we-All-Union Olympiad. ubuciko kubantu base-USSR (eMoscow, ngoJuni 1932) umsebenzi wase-Ukraine, Armenian, Uzbek, Kazakh, Tat., Bashk. kwethulwa. nabanye abantu. Kusukela ngo-1930, ekuqaleni kweLeningrad, i-Olympiad yamaphayona wesikole yaqala. Ngo-1931, i-All-Union Committee for Arts yahlela i-All-Union Choral Olympiad ka-prof. futhi uzenzele wena. amaqoqo, amalungu awo ayengabameleli bezizwe ze-1936.

Ngo-1930, ukuhlinzeka ngobuciko. usizo emaqenjini ezobuciko. S. ngesisekelo seNdlu Yezobuciko. VD Polenov eMoscow ihlelwe methodical. isikhungo - Centre. zenzele wena ekhaya. abamangalele. I-NK Krupskaya (TSEDISK; ngo-1936 yaguqulwa yaba yi-All-Union House of Folk Art eyaqanjwa ngo-NK Krupskaya). Ngo-1934, ngaphansi kwakhe, kwavulwa izifundo zokubhalelana abaholi nababambe iqhaza kwezobuciko. S. (ngo-1959 wahlelwa kabusha waba yi-Correspondence People's University of Arts). Ukuze con. Ubuciko bezindlu zedolobha nezifunda ze-30s zadalwa cishe kuwo wonke amaRiphabhulikhi eNyunyana. Kusukela ngo-1935, usizo olunzulu iminyuziyamu. S. abe ne-rep. izinyunyana zabaqambi; ngokubamba iqhaza kwabo ebudlelwaneni nasekugunyazweni. ama-republic ahleliwe nat. amakhwaya, amaculo nomdanso, ama-orchestra. Ukuze uthole impumelelo ehlelekile yezimfundamakhwela. i-art-va yezwe ngo-1935-38 eMoscow yadalwa i-Tr bunk. ubuhlakani (ikhanda. Comp. LK Knipper). Kusukela ngo-1936, umculo. I-S. iphinde ikhonjiswe eMinyakeni Eyishumi Yobuciko Kazwelonke. Ngokuvulwa koMbukiso wezoLimo we-All-Union unomphela eMoscow (Aug. 1, 1939), ukusebenza kwabacula yedwa abahamba phambili kanye namaqoqo e-S. nat. ama-republic enziwa ekupheleni kwawo. amasayithi. Ngonyaka wokuvula, amaqembu omculo abonise ubuciko bawo lapha. C. Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, RSFSR, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan. Ngo-1940, kwaba nokubuyekezwa komculo. S. izisebenzi zikaloliwe, ezabeka isisekelo sabahlanganyeli be-Olympiads of S., behlanganiswe ngobungcweti. Ngo-1940 kwase kunemibuthano yomculo engu-71 ezweni. S., lapho abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-500

Phakathi neminyaka ye-Great Fatherland. izimpi 1941-45 mn. izimfundamakhwela ezinkulu. amaqoqo ahlakazeka, amalungu awo aya phambili. Abanye bakha ama-brigades amancane, bakhuluma emibuthanweni ezindaweni zokusebenzela zezitshalo nezimboni, eziteshini zokuqasha, ezingxenyeni ze-Sov. Ibutho, izibhedlela. Kusukela kubahlanganyeli bebutho i-S., i-mobile conc. zahlelwa. ubuciko be-propaganda. ama-brigade akhuluma namasosha. Ngokuthuthukela phambili ukuya eNtshonalanga ezifundeni ezikhululiwe, amaqembu omculo amasha abuyiselwe ngokushesha noma adalwe. C. Amaqembu ezobuciko asephenduke amandla amakhulu esiyaluyalu ekusizeni abaphambili. S. ngemuva (eBashkiria, Gorky, Kalinin, Moscow, Ryazan, Sverdlovsk, Yaroslavl izifunda ze-RSFSR nakwamanye ama-republic aseSoviet). Ngo-1944 abahlanganyeli kwezobuciko. S. wanikwa cishe. Amakhonsathi angu-30 namakhonsathi angu-900, amakhonsathi angu-82 ezinkampanini; Izimali zamakhonsathi akhokhelwayo zadonswa esikhwameni sezokuvikela kanye nasesikhwameni sokusiza imindeni yamasosha aphambili. Iminyaka yempi yaba isiteji esisha ekuthuthukisweni kwezikhova. ingoma enkulu, inkulumo-ze yayo yakhuthazwa kakhulu yizimfundamakhwela. amaqembu. Ukubuyekezwa kwesifunda nesifunda kanye nama-olympiads aqhubekile ukubanjwa. Kusukela ku-27 Dec. 1942 kuya ku-5 Jan. 1943 eMoscow, iminyaka eyishumi yokubonisa ama-brigades amahle kakhulu kanye nemibuthano yama-muses yenzeka. S. Ngo-Ephreli-Juni 1943, ezimweni ezinzima zokuvinjelwa, ukubuyekezwa kweLeningrad kwenziwa. umculo wedolobha. amaqembu. (Iminyaka emi-3 yempi eLeningrad, amaqembu ayizimfundamakhwela anikeza amakhonsathi angaba ngu-15.) Ngo-000-1943, kwaba nokwenzeka ukubamba ukubuyekezwa komculo. S. ku-RSFSR, e-Ukraine, e-Kyrgyzstan nase-Estonia. Ngo-45, ukubuyekezwa kwezimfundamakhwela kwenzeka eMoscow. amakhwaya nabahlabeleli (amaqembu aphambili ngo-1945 kanye nabacula ngabodwana abangu-40) kanye nombukiso wobuciko. S. wezempi. izikhungo, izikhungo, izikhungo zemfundo, izikole kanye izingxenye amabutho eMoscow.

Ukunakwa okukhulu ngesikhathi sempi kukhokhwa ekugcwaliseni kabusha kwe-S. ngamabutho amancane, ekuthuthukiseni ama-muses. S. emfundweni ephakeme nephakeme. ezikhungweni, emakamu amaphayona, phakathi kwezingane eziphuma emakhaya ezintandane. Ngokuvumelana. 1942 eMoscow. izintaba Endlini yamaphayona, kwahlelwa i-Song and Dance Ensemble yaseMoscow. izingane zesikole (ephethwe VS Loktev). Izinhlelo zomculo zaba njalo. C. izinqolobane zabasebenzi (kusukela ngo-1943).

Ekupheleni kwempi, kakade ngo-3 Oct. 1945, ukubuyekezwa kwe-All-Union yekwaya kwenziwa. C. abasebenzi nabasebenzi abakhombise izindlela. ukwanda kwenani labazisebenzayo. amakhwaya. Ngo-1946, kwakunemibuthano esebenzayo engama-69 ku-RSFSR iyodwa (kuhlanganise namakhwaya angama-900 kanye nemibuthano yomculo engama-23), okuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-100/5600 kunenkathi yangaphambi kwempi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwavela amaqembu amakhulu eLeningrad futhi akhula aba amaqembu amakhulu: i-Leningrad Choir. un-ta, Leningrad choir. Isigodlo Samasiko. SM Kirov, iqembu lomculo we Vyborg Palace of Culture, nabanye abaningi. Eminyakeni ye-11st post-war. izinhlelo zeminyaka emihlanu inyunyana yabasebenzi kanye nezinhlangano zeKomsomol, Houses of Nar. ubuciko ngokusekelwa okusebenzayo kwezinhlangano zeqembu kwaqala umsebenzi wokubuyisela okwakukhona ngaphambili kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaqembu amasha eminyuziyamu. S., ukuhlonza amathalente phakathi kwabantu ababanzi. wt. Izikhungo zokuzisebenzela ngokweMethodical. art-va abe House of Arts. S. izinyunyana zabasebenzi (zakhiwe kusukela ngeminyaka yesi-2). Kakade ku-1 emculweni. S. wezwe, kwakunama-symphony angu-1950. ama-orchestra, ama-orchestra abantu angu-1950. izinsimbi kanye 112 zethusi, 12 instr. ama-ensembles, ama-bayan angu-266 nama-accordion club, ama-bunk angu-6354. amakhwaya, 4139 805 amakhwaya axubile, 18 wok. ama-ensembles, amaqoqo ezingoma namadansa angama-411, amaqembu e-propaganda angama-270 205 namaqembu e-pop. amaqembu. Ngama-6200s. amathiyetha omculo ayizimfundamakhwela ayathuthukiswa. izitudiyo, kuhl. eLeningrad - isitudiyo somculo. amahlaya eSigodlweni Samasiko. Uhlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lweminyaka engu-1667 kanye ne-Opera ne-Ballet Studio eSigodlweni Samasiko. CM. I-Kirov (imikhiqizo yama-opera ethi The Tsar's Bride, La Traviata, Sorochinskaya Fair, Quiet Flows the Don ifakazela ukuvuthwa kwabaculi. S. kanye namakhono aphezulu abahlanganyeli).

Ukukhula kokucula kwabantu abaningi kuye kwaholela ekwandeni kwenani lemikhosi yezingoma nemidanso. Zazibanjelwe ezindaweni eziningi ze-RSFSR, eBelarus nase-Ukraine, kuma-republic aseBaltic, kusukela ngo-1952 seziphenduke zendabuko eKyrgyzstan naseKazakhstan. Izinhlelo zomculo seziqalile futhi. S. e-All-Union Agricultural Exhibition eMoscow (kusukela ngo-1958 - Umbukiso Wezimpumelelo Zomnotho Kazwelonke we-USSR); Abahlanganyeli be-S. baphinde babonise ubuciko babo emibukisweni efanayo kwamanye ama-republic.

Ekubuyekezweni Kwezinyunyana Zonke Zomculo. S. ngo-1956 eMoscow, ikhono eliphezulu laboniswa ikhwaya yesilisa yeTallinn House of Culture (ephethwe uYu. Ya. Variste) kanye nekwaya yaseMoscow. un-ta (ephethwe ngu-SV Popov). I-rally yokuqala ye-bunk yayibaluleke kakhulu. abaculi - ababhali besimanje. izingoma (Voronezh, 1950), wabeka isisekelo semihlangano-semina kwamanye amadolobha. Lokhu kwasiza ekuhlonzeni ababambiqhaza bamamyuziyamu. C. inani labaqambi abanekhono (AR Lebedeva, AM Olenicheva, nabanye). Ubuciko. ukukhula komculo S. kube nesandla esinqumweni seKomidi lezimangalo ngaphansi koMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe base-USSR (1950) sokunamathisela u-prof. abasebenzi bafaka izicelo ku-amateurs. amaqoqo (ngomqondo obanzi, owahlanganisa amasiko e-CK USSR), kanye nokudalwa kwe-All-Russian Choral Society (1959) kanye nemiphakathi efanayo e-Ukraine, Belarus, Armenia, Georgia, nakwamanye ama-rep.

Ngama-60s. isici sokuthuthukiswa komculo. I-S. bekuyizinhlobo nezinhlobo zama-amateurs. icala, ukukhula okuphawulekayo kuzokwenza. ikhono. Ukuba namasiko esikhathi eside nobuciko obuphezulu. impumelelo yezimfundamakhwela. ama-t-frames omculo, ama-orchestra, amakhwaya, amaqoqo ezingoma nomdanso, njll., kusukela ngo-1959 baqala ukuklonyeliswa ngesihloko seqembu labantu (ngo-1975 kwakukhona abangaphezu kuka-4,5 1963). Isibonelo esicacile sokuthuthukisa ezobuciko. izinga lomculo. S. yaba inani elandayo lemikhiqizo ye-opera, eyenziwa amabutho abahlanganyeli bayo eVladivostok, Voroshilovgrad, Kyiv, Kutaisi, Klaipeda, Leningrad, Moscow, Nikolaev, Novocherkassk, Taganrog, Tashkent, Ufa, Cherepovets, njll., njengasezindaweni zasemaphandleni (p. Zalesyanka, isifunda saseSaratov, isigodi saseBalyasnoye, isifunda sasePoltava, njll.). Kusukela ngo-1961, kwavela imiphakathi yabantu ye-philharmonic, ihlela amakhonsathi omculo. C. Enye yezindlela zokuqeqesha abaholi beminyuziyamu. S. waba uNar. Conservatory (ngokokuqala ngqa eLeningrad, 1928; iminyango - umbhidisi-kwaya, izinsimbi zomculo zaseRussia, wok., upiyano, i-orc.), lapho ukufundisa kuqhutshwa ngokuzithandela. EMoscow. umculo-pedagogical. kubo. Gnessins, eSaratov Conservatory nabanye bahlelwa ngokukhethekile. iminyango yokuqeqesha abaholi be-nar. amakhwaya. Abaphathi bezingoma nar. S. balungiselela isikhungo samasiko, umculo. kanye nenkolo.-clearance. isikole. Ekuthuthukiseni izingane S. izindlela. iqhaza elibanjwe yi-Institute of Arts. imfundo APN yase-USSR. Inqubo yokuthuthukisa umculo. S. kubonakala kokukhethekile. omagazini: “Umculo Wesixuku” (“Umculo Wesixuku”, Kharkov, 30-1931), “Art for the Mass” (eMoscow, 1932, ngo-1933-1933 - “Amateur Art”), “Amateur Musical” ( Moscow, 36-1940) , "Umsebenzi Wezamasiko Nezemfundo" (eMoscow, 1951-), "Club" (Moscow, 1964 -; kusukela ngo-XNUMX - ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Club and Amateur performances"), kanye nomculo. kanye nezenhlalo nezombusazwe. okushicilelwe ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ngama-70s. inani lemibuthano yomculo namalungu omculo. I-S. yanda, i-wok-instr yanda. ama-ensembles, njll. namabhande ethusi. Kusukela ngo-1971, ngesinqumo se-All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions kanye neCollegium yoMnyango Wezamasiko wase-USSR, iSikhungo sasungulwa ngaphansi kweKomidi Eliyinhloko leNyunyana Yezohwebo Yabasebenzi Bezamasiko. ikhomishana yomsebenzi wamasiko kanye nokusekela emaphandleni, eyayiphethwe yi-bunk. ubuciko. U-Ulyanov wase-USSR. Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zomsebenzi wayo ukubandakanyeka kwamakhosi u-prof. claim-va ukusiza ezobuciko. S., kuhl. okomculo. Umsebenzi womculo nokufundisa nezingane wenziwa kabanzi, amakhwaya ezingane ahlelwa. kanye nomculo. amaqoqo, ukubaluleka okukhulu kunamathele emikhosini yezingoma zezingane, ukubuyekezwa kanye nemikhosi yekhwaya. umculo. Amaqembu wobuciko minyaka yonke. Amazwe ase-S. anikeza amakhonsathi nemidlalo yase-St. 1 million, eqoqa izethameli ezifika ezigidini ezingu-280. Amalungu ekhwaya. kanye nomculo. S. ukuheha imikhiqizo. ubuqhawe-izwe, umsindo womphakathi, kanye nabantu. izingoma nezingoma, i-lyric. izingoma. Ububanzi bokuzenzela ngokwamazwe ngamazwe. I-art-va yabantu base-USSR yaboniswa ngo-1977 (yaqala yonke indawo ngo-1975) Umkhosi wokuqala we-All-Union wezimfundamakhwela. ubuciko. ubuhlakani babasebenzi, abazinikele. 60th Anniversary Oct. revolution of 1917. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-15 babambe iqhaza kuwo. Ifestiveli yanothisa ingoma ka-S. izindikimba, ezikhombisa izehlakalo ezinkulu ezenzeka ezweni, zibe nomthelela ekujwayelaneni nezimfundamakhwela. isimangalo sobuningi babantu abasebenzayo, ukuhlonzwa okuphelele kwamakhono abantu. Kwanqunywa ukuba kubanjwe umkhosi we-All-Union of St.

Ubuciko. S., kuhl. zomculo, kuwo wonke umlando wezikhova. i-state-va ihlale igcwalisa abasebenzi baka-prof. ubuciko. Ekuzisebenzeleni. umqhubi KK Ivanov, abaculi - IK Arkhipov, ML Bieshu, MN Zvezdina, IS Kozlovsky, S. Ya. Lemeshev, ES Miroshnichenko, AP Ognivtsev, II Petrov, TA Sorokina, VI Firsova nabanye, umsebenzi wokudala. uphrof. amaqoqo - Russian Nar. bahlabelele. UPyatnitsky, Severny, Omsk, Volzhsky, Voronezh namanye amakhwaya, Ingoma Nomdanso Wezikhova Ensemble. Army, Russian Folk Orchestra. NP Osipova nabanye. Amathiyetha we-opera ne-ballet Kazakh. SSR, Kirg. SSR, Turkmen. SSR, Taj. I-SSR nokunye. ezinye zivame ukugcwaliswa ngabadlali abavela kuma-muses. KUSUKA.

Muses. I-S. USSR yazuza ukuqashelwa okubanzi phesheya. Amaqembu amahle kakhulu nabacula ngabodwana bomculo. S. babambe iqhaza kweyamazwe ngamazwe. imikhosi nemincintiswano. Phakathi kwabaphumelele emikhosini yemincintiswano yamazwe ngamazwe - Ikhwaya yaseChelyabinsk Tractor Plant (ephethwe nguSN Ozerov noVG Sokolov, 1947, Prague), Ikhwaya yaseMoscow. imboni yezimoto (eholwa ngu-AV Rybnov no-VG Sokolov, 1949, Budapest), Ikhwaya Yezisebenzi Ezincane zaseLeningrad (eholwa ngu-II Poltavtsev, 1951, Berlin), Ikhwaya yaseMoscow. abafundi (eholwa VG Sokolov, 1953, Bucharest), Leningrad Choir. un-ta (eholwa nguGM Sandler, 1957, Moscow), Ikhwaya labafundi base-Odessa (ephethwe ngu-KK Pigrov, 1957, eMoscow), Ikhwaya yabafundi base-Ural University (ephethwe ngu-VV Serebrovsky, 1959 , Vienna), I-Choir mosk. Isigodlo Samasiko. Gorbunov (ephethwe nguYu. M. Ulanov, 1961, Debrecen, Hungary). Emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe ngamazwe yama-polyphonic. kanye noNar. umculo e-Italy (Arezzo) Indawo yokuqala ithathwe yi-Lithuanian Male Choir. SSR "Varpas" ("Bell"; umqondisi A. Krogertas, 1), Tallinn Chamber Choir (umqondisi A. Ratassepp, 1969), Riga Choir "Ave Sol" (umqondisi I. Kokars, 1971); emiqhudelwaneni yamakhwaya yamazwe ngamazwe eBulgaria - eMoscow. ikhwaya yentsha nabafundi eChoir. mayelana-ve (inhloko. BG Tevlin, 1974, Varna), eCzechoslovakia - Academic. kwaya eMoscow. un-ta (ikhanda. SV Popov, 1975, Pardubice), bona. B. Bartok e-Hungary – I-Youth Choir ye-House of Culture No 1975 yedolobha lase-Yerevan (ephethwe ngu-SS Ter-Ghazaryan, 3, Debrecen), e-Netherlands – Ikhwaya Yabesifazane Yothisha “Dzintar” Latv. I-SSR (ephethwe ngu-AR Derkevitsa kanye ne-IO Tsepitis, 1976, The Hague). Ukubamba iqhaza kwezimfundamakhwela. amaqoqo nabacula ngabodwana kanye nochwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe. imincintiswano ifakazela ukusho. ukukhula ngekhwalithi yobuciko. S. futhi ikhuthaza ukuthuthuka kwayo okuqhubekayo.

References: I-Sharp, I-Olympiad Yomculo, "Impilo Yobuciko", 1927, No 26, p. ishumi nanye; I-Olympiad Yokuqala Yezobuciko Zabantu base-USSR, "Ngomculo WamaProletarian", 11, No 1930, p. 4-3, 4; U-Korev S., Ubhekene nemidlalo yomculo we-amateur, "Imfundo Yobuciko", 15, No 1931, 4; Dovzhenko V., Ukuncintisana kwemibuthano yomculo yaseKharkov, "Ngomculo we-proletarian", 6, No 1932-4, p. 5-12; Abaqambi emapulazini ahlangene, "SM", 15, No 1936; Knipper L., Theatre of Folk Art, ibid., No 3; Vasiliev-Buglai D., Theatre of Folk Art, ibid., No 5; Kuznetsov K., All-Union Choral Olympiad, ibid., No. 7; U-Aleksandrov M., Ubuciko bentsha esebenzayo, ibid., 8, No 1948; UMassalitinov K., Abadali bengoma yabantu baseSoviet, ibid., 8, No. 1950; Tikhomirov R., Mayelana namakhonsathi ayimfundamakhwela omculo, ibid., 8, No 1951; Ishumi leminyaka le-Pioneer Ensemble, ibid., 9, No 1952; I-Vorobyov G., i-Opera esiteji sepulazi elihlangene, ibid., 7, No 1952; I-Opera edlalwa yiqembu lezimfundamakhwela, ibid., 4, No 1953; Umsebenzi obalulekile, ibid., 8, No. 1953; I-Kalugina N., I-Amateur Art Festival, ibid., 5, No 1956; Abramsky A., Izindlela zokwenza umculo we-amateur, ibid., 5, No 1959; I-Koroleva E., I-Children's Folk Philharmonic, "MF", 5, No 1963; U-Ryumin P., ama-Miss amateur performances, "I-Communist", 19, No 1964; "I-Collective Farm Philharmonic", "MF", 18, No 1964; Jaunzem Irma, Kukhona into okufanele siziqhenye ngayo, kukhona okumele sikulwele, "Umsebenzi wamasiko nokufundisa", 21, No 1965; Ilungu lePhalamende laseMazuritsky, ubuciko be-Amateur ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu Yezwe, "Uch. uhlelo lokusebenza. Moscow Institute of Culture", 5, no. 1966, p. 13-169; I-Rutovskaya O., i-Opera eyenziwa yizingane zesikole, "MF", 91 No 1969; Kukshanov V., Kusukela emlandweni wobuciko be-amateur baseSoviet ngeminyaka yama-19s, "Imisebenzi yesayensi ye-Sverdlovsk Pedagogical Institute", 20, Sat. 1972, p. 166-93; Alekseeva L., Kusukela emibuthanweni yabasebenzi kuya emaqenjini abantu, M., 109; "MF", 1973, No. 1977, p. 20-20; Zemlyannikova LA, Ukudala kwezigidi, Pravda, 21, 1977 Oct.; Striganov VM, Imiphumela namathemba, "Umsebenzi Wezamasiko nezemfundo", 2, No 1977.

MP Leonov