Double bass balalaika: kuyini, ukwakheka, umlando indalo

I-balalaika iyinsimbi yabantu osekuyisikhathi eside ihlotshaniswa neRussia kuphela. Umlando ulethe izinguquko ezithile kuwo, namuhla umelelwa ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinhlanu sezizonke, okuthakazelisa kakhulu i-bass balalaika ephindwe kabili.

Incazelo yethuluzi

I-double bass balalaika iyinsimbi yomculo ehlutshiwe enezintambo ezintathu. Izinto zezintambo - insimbi, inayiloni, ipulasitiki. Ngaphandle, ihluke ku-balalaika evamile ngobukhulu bayo obumangalisayo: ifinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-1,5-1,7. Intamo inama-frets ayishumi nesikhombisa (akuvamile ukuba ishumi nesithupha).

Lena akuyona nje ikhophi enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ze-balalaikas, inomsindo onamandla kakhulu, ithoni ephansi, futhi idlala indima ye-bass. Ibalulekile ku-orchestra, iqoqo lezinsimbi zomculo zaseRussia.

Ukuzinza kwe-balalaika-double bass kunikezwa i-spire ekhethekile etholakala phansi komzimba.

Ubukhulu nesisindo

Ubukhulu obuphelele be-balalaika-double bass cishe bungokulandelayo:

• ubude: 1600-1700 cm;
• ububanzi besisekelo: 1060-1250 cm;
• ubukhulu bengxenye yokusebenza yentambo: 1100-1180 cm;
• ubude bomzimba: 790-820 cm.

Osayizi bezinsimbi zekhonsathi bavame ukuhluka kusukela ezingeni: abaculi abangochwepheshe babenza bahlele ukuze bafane nobude nomzimba wabo.

Isisindo se-balalaika-double bass siyashintshashintsha, sifinyelela ku-10-30 kg (izinto zokwenziwa, ubukhulu, nezinye izimo zidlala indima).

I-Balalaika-double bass ukwakhiwa

Ukwakhiwa kwethuluzi kulula kakhulu, izingxenye ezilandelayo zihlukaniswa:

• umzimba, kufaka phakathi i-soundboard (ngaphambili, ingxenye eqondile), ingxenye yangemuva (eyindilinga eyengeziwe, ehlanganisa izingxenye ezi-5-6 ezixhumene);
• intamo enamathele emzimbeni;
• izintambo (insimbi, ipulasitiki, inayiloni, abanye);
• ukuma (i-metal spire), evumela ukuthi ulungise ukuphakama kwezintambo, udale umphumela owengeziwe wokuzwakalayo, wenze umsindo ube ne-voluminous, ubude, i-viscous;
• ama-frets (amapheshana ensimbi afakwe emzimbeni);
• imbobo yeresonator ephakathi nendawo, esebenza ukukhipha umsindo.

Ingxenye ebalulekile ngumlamuleli - imininingwane ehlukile, ukungabi khona kwayo okungeke kuvumele ukuthi uqale ukudlala umculo. Abadlali abangochwepheshe baqoqa izinketho eziningi zokukhetha okuhlukile ngosayizi, impahla eyenziwe, i-engeli elolayo.

Inhloso yomlamuli ukukhipha imisindo. Iminwe ibuthakathaka kakhulu ukuthi ingakwazi ukulawula izintambo ezinamandla, ezisindayo zensimbi. Ukukhethwa okucebile kwabalamuli kuqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhipha imisindo ye-shades ehlukahlukene, ukujula, ubude besikhathi, amandla. Ziyisikhumba, i-carbon fiber, i-polyethylene, i-caprolact, ithambo. Amasayizi - amancane, amakhulu, aphakathi.

Umlando wokudala

Ubani, lapho kusungulwa i-balalaika, akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile. Ithuluzi libizwa ngokuthi abantu baseRussia, izimpande zokudala zilahlekile esikhathini esidlule. Ekuqaleni, leli thuluzi lasakazeka kuwo wonke amadolobhana namadolobhana. Wayenentshisekelo kuphela kubantu abafunda umlando, bedonsela ezimpandeni, bezama ukusondela kubantu.

Igagasi elilandelayo lokuthakasela intandokazi yabantu lishanele ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX. U-Dvoryanin VV Andreev, owayenothando lwe-balaikas futhi eyingcweti ye-virtuoso Play, wanquma ukuthuthukisa ithuluzi lakhe alithandayo, ukuze ayeke ukuba into yabaculi abayizimfundamakhwela, abe uchwepheshe, futhi athathe isikhundla esifanele ku-orchestra. U-Andreev wazama ubukhulu, izinto zokwakha. Ukushintsha kokubili amapharamitha kushintshe umsindo okhiqizwa i-balalaikas yesizukulwane esisha.

Kamuva, u-Andreev wadala iqoqo labaculi abadlala i-balalaikas yonke imivimbo. Ukudlala kweqembu le-balalaika kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu, amakhonsathi aqhutshwa ngisho nakwamanye amazwe, abangela ukujabula kwangempela kwabangaphandle.

Icala lika-Andreev laqhubeka nomklami wenkantolo uFranz Paserbsky. Le ndoda yafinyelela ekuklanyweni kwawo wonke umndeni we-balaikas, yathuthukisa ububanzi, izici zomsindo, nezici zokuklama. Umdwebi wafinyeza intamo, washintsha umgodi ozwakalayo, wahlela ama-frets ngendlela ekhethekile. Ngokushesha, amamodeli amahlanu aziwa namuhla (i-prima, eyesibili, i-viola, i-bass, i-double bass) yaba isisekelo se-orchestra yama-orchestra abantu. U-Paserbsky unelungelo lobunikazi bomugqa we-balaikas, owenza ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni zezinsimbi zomdabu.

Manje i-balalaika-double bass iyilungu eliqhubekayo le-orchestra yezinsimbi zomculo zomdabu, ekwazi ukubonisa imisindo eminingi ngenxa yohlu olubanzi lwamathuba.

Izici zomsindo

Insimbi inohlu oluhloniphekile lwemisindo. I-double bass balalaika inama-octave amabili nama-semitones amathathu etholakalayo. Ngenxa yobukhulu baso, umdondoshiya unama-dynamics anamandla, ithoni ephansi kakhulu phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ze-balalaika.

Umsindo ukhishwa nge-pick enkulu yesikhumba, ngenxa yalokho iba ijulile, ithambile, ingena kakhulu, ifana nomsindo we-bass guitar, i-double bass, i-plucking. Ngezinye izikhathi imisindo eyenziwa yi-double bass balalaika iqhathaniswa nemisindo eyenziwa isitho.

Indaba

Isakhiwo se-double bass balalaika sifana ne-domra. Ukulandelana kwethoni kuthi:

• intambo yokuqala, ithoni ephakeme kakhulu - inothi Re ye-octave enkulu;
• intambo yesibili inothi La we-counteroctave;
• intambo yesithathu iyinothi le-Mi le-counteroctave.

Uhlelo lwesine ludalwa umsindo wezintambo ezivulekile. Amanothi e-balalaika-double bass abhalwe i-octave ephakeme kunomsindo wangempela.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-balalaika-double bass

Insimbi inzima ukuyisebenzisa, akuwona wonke umuntu ongakwazi ukudlala i-balalaika-double bass - isizathu salokhu isisindo, izintambo ezinamandla, eziwugqinsi, okungelula ukukhipha ngisho ne-plectrum enkulu. Umculi uzodinga, ngaphezu kolwazi lomculo, amakhono angokomzimba aphawulekayo. Kufanele wenze ngezandla ezimbili: ngeyodwa, izintambo zicindezelwe ngokuqinile ngokumelene ne-fretboard, kanti okwesibili zishaywa kusetshenziswa umlamuleli.

Ngokuvamile, i-balalaika yobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele izwakala ekubunjweni kwama-folk ensembles, ama-orchestra. Lokhu kuvumela umculi ukuthi aphumule ngezikhathi ezithile, athole amandla. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isithakazelo ezinsimbi zomculo zaseRussia siye sakhula ngokuphawulekayo, futhi ukwakhiwa okukhulu kutholakala kuma-duets, ama-virtuosos avele alungele ukusebenza yedwa.

Abaculi abasebenza nge-balalaika-double bass badlala bemile noma behlezi. Ngenxa yobukhulu bensimbi, kulula kakhulu ukukhipha umsindo umi eduze. Umuntu ocula yedwa uhlezi edlala emile. Ilungu le-orchestra, elingumnikazi webhesi ye-balalaika-double, lithatha indawo ehlezi.

Uthando lwezinsimbi zomculo wesintu alusoze lwaphela. Abantu bahlale bebuyela ezimpandeni, balwela ukufunda amasiko, amasiko, amasiko. I-Balalaika-double bass iyisihloko esithakazelisayo, esiyinkimbinkimbi, esifanele ukutadisha, ukutuswa, ukuziqhenya.