Umculo okhanyayo, umculo onemibala |

IsiNgisi — umculo wombala, isiJalimane. - Farblichtmusik, isiFulentshi. - umculo des couleeur

Igama elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ohlotsheni lobuciko. kanye nezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. ukuhlolwa emkhakheni wokuhlanganiswa komculo nokukhanya. Umqondo "wombono" womculo uye waba nencazelo. ukuthuthukiswa okuhambisana nokuvela kwesayensi ye-art-ve. Uma izinkolelo-mbono zakuqala zika-S. qhubeka kusukela ekuqapheliseni ukunqunywa kusengaphambili okungaphezu komuntu kwemithetho yokuguqulwa komculo ube ukukhanya, okuqondwa njengohlobo oluthile lomzimba. inqubo, khona-ke emiqondweni elandelayo isici somuntu siqala ukunakwa ngokukhanga ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, bese kuba ubuhle. izici. Imibono yokuqala eyaziwa kakhulu (J. I-Arcimboldo e-Italy, A. Kircher eJalimane futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, u-L. B. Castel in France) zisekelwe esifisweni sokufinyelela "ukuhumusha" okucacile komculo ekukhanyeni ngesisekelo sesifaniso se-spectrum-octave esiphakanyiswe ngu-I. Newton ngaphansi kwethonya i-cosmology, umqondo "womculo wezinhlaka" (Pythagoras, I. I-Kepler). Le mibono yayidumile ngekhulu le-17-19. futhi itshalwe kuma-DOS amabili. okuhlukile: "umculo wombala" - ukuhambisana nomculo ngokulandelana kwemibala enqunywe isilinganiso esicacile sesikali - ububanzi bombala; “Umculo wombala” uwukushintsha okungenamsindo kwemibala eshintsha amathoni emculweni ngokuvumelana nesifaniso esifanayo. Phakathi kwabasekeli bemfundiso kaCastel (1688-1757) kukhona abaqambi besikhathi sakhe uJ. F. Rameau, G. Teleman, A. E. M. Gretry kanye nososayensi kamuva u-E. Darwin, D. I. Khmelnitsky nabanye. Phakathi kwabagxeki bakhe kukhona - abacabangi abanjengo-D. Diderot, J. d'Alembert, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire, G. E. Lessing, abaculi uW. Hogarth, P. Gonzago, kanye no-J. V. Goethe, J. Buffon, G Helmholtz, owakhomba ukungabi nasisekelo kokudluliselwa okuqondile kwemithetho yomculo (ukuzwa) emkhakheni wombono. Ukuhlaziywa okubucayi kwemibono kaCastel kwanikelwa ngo-1742 okukhethekile. umhlangano we-Russian Academy of Sciences. Kakade “izitho zokukhanya” zokuqala (B. Bishop, A. Rimington), eyavela ngemuva kokusungulwa kukagesi. imithombo ekhanyayo, beqiniseka ngamehlo abo ukuthi abagxeki bakaCastel baqinisile. Kodwa ukuntuleka komkhuba obanzi wokukhanya nokuhlanganiswa komculo kube nomthelela ekuhlolweni okuphindaphindiwe ekutholeni isifaniso phakathi kwesikali nokulandelana kombala (F. I. Yuryev; D. Kellogg e-USA, K. Löf eJalimane). Le mibono yemishini ayinabo ubuhle kokuqukethwe futhi imvelaphi yefilosofi yemvelo. Ukusesha imithetho yomculo wokukhanya. I-synthesis, i-to-rye izoqinisekisa ukuzuzwa kobunye bomculo nokukhanya, ekuqaleni kwakuhlotshaniswa nokuqonda ubunye (ukuvumelana) kuphela njenge-ontological. izigaba. Lokhu kondla inkolelo esibophweni kanye nethuba "lokuhumusha umculo embala", isifiso sokuqonda imithetho eshiwo njengesayensi yemvelo. imithetho. Ukubuyela emuva osekusondele kweCastellianism kuvezwa imizamo yososayensi nonjiniyela abathile ukuze kuzuzwe "ukuhumusha" komculo emhlabeni ngosizo lwe-automation kanye ne-cybernetics ngesisekelo sezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi nama-algorithms angaqondakali (ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlolwa. kwe K. L. Leontiev kanye laboratory umculo umbala Leningrad A. S.

Ngekhulu lama-20 kwavela izingoma zokuqala zokukhanya nomculo, ukudalwa kwakho okuhambisana nobuhle bangempela. izidingo. Okokuqala, lokhu kuwumqondo "we-symphony elula" ku-AN Scriabin's "Prometheus" (1910), lapho kutholakala khona okokuqala emculweni womhlaba. umkhuba by umqambi ngokwakhe wethula ekhethekile. iyunithi yezinhlamvu ethi “Luce” (ukukhanya), ebhalwe ngamanothi avamile ensimbi ethi “tastiera per luce” (“light clavier”). Ingxenye yokukhanyisa enezingxenye ezimbili ingumbala “wokubona ngeso lengqondo” uhlelo lwethoni lomsebenzi. Elinye lamazwi, iselula, lilandela izinguquko zokuvumelana (okuhunyushwa umqambi njengezinguquko kuzinkinobho). Enye, engasebenzi, ibonakala ilungisa okhiye bereferensi futhi iqukethe amanothi ayisikhombisa kuphela, elandela isikali sethoni yonke ukusuka ku-Fis kuya ku-Fis, ifanekisela uhlelo lwefilosofi elithi “Prometheus” ngomfanekiso wombala (ukuthuthukiswa “komoya” kanye “nodaba” ). Azikho izinkomba zokuthi yimiphi imibala ehambelana namanothi omculo ku-“Luce”. Naphezu kokuhlolwa kokuhlukana kwalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, kusukela ngo-1915 "i-Prometheus" iye yenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuhambisana nokukhanya.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi yabanye abaqambi abadumile kukhona i-Schoenberg's Lucky Hand (1913), i-VV Shcherbachev ethi Nonet (1919), i-Stravinsky's Black Concerto (1946), i-Y. Xenakis' Polytope (1967), i-Poetoria Shchedrin (1968), "Isenzo sokuqala" (esekelwe kumidwebo ka-AN Skryabin, AP Nemtin, 1972). Bonke lobu buciko. ukuhlolwa, okufana ne-Scriabin's "Prometheus", kwakuhlotshaniswa nesikhalazo sokulalelwa kombala, ngokuqonda ubunye bomsindo nokukhanya, noma kunalokho, okuzwakalayo nokubonakala njengengqondo yengqondo. ukwenzeka. Imayelana nokuqwashisa nge-epistemological. ubunjalo balesi simo, kwavela ukuthambekela ekufinyeleleni ubunye obungokomfanekiso ekuhlanganiseni komculo okhanyayo, okwavela ukuthi kudingekile ukusebenzisa amasu e-polyphony ezwakalayo ebonwayo (u-Skryabin ezinhlelweni zakhe ze- "Preliminary Action" kanye "Nemfihlakalo". ”, LL Sabaneev, VV Kandinsky, SM Eisenstein, BM Galeev, Yu. A. Pravdyuk nabanye); ngemva kwalokho kwaba nokwenzeka ukukhuluma ngomculo olula njengobuciko, nakuba ukuzimela kwawo kubonakala kuyinkinga kwabanye abacwaningi (KD Balmont, VV Vanslov, F. Popper).

Ebanjwe ngokuhlolwa kwekhulu lama-20 "ngomdwebo wokukhanya oshukumisayo" (GI Gidoni, VD Baranov-Rossine, Z. Peshanek, F. Malina, SM Zorin), "i-cinema ephelele" (G. Richter, O. Fischinger, N . McLaren) , “i-instrumental choreography” (F. Boehme, O. Pine, N. Schaeffer) baphoqeleka ukuba banake okuqondile. izici zokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ku-S., ezingavamile futhi ngokuvamile ezingenakufinyeleleka ekusebenzeni. ukulinganisa ngabaculi (ch. arr. ngenkinga yenhlangano yendawo yokukhanya). I-S. ihlobene eduze namasiko ahlobene. isimangalo ngawe. Kanye nomsindo, isebenzisa izinto ezinemibala ekhanyayo (ukuxhumana nomdwebo), ehlelwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho yama-muses. logic nomculo. amafomu (ukuxhumana nomculo), axhunywe ngokungaqondile “nezithonjana” zokunyakaza kwezinto zemvelo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, isenzo somuntu (ukuxhumana ne-choreography). Le nto ingathuthukiswa ngokukhululekile ngokubandakanyeka kwamathuba wokuhlela, ukushintsha usayizi wepulani, i-angle, njll. (ukuxhumana ne-cinema). Hlukanisa i-S. yamakhonti. ukusebenza, okukhiqizwe kabusha ngosizo lomculo. nezinsimbi zokukhanyisa; amafilimu alula nawomculo adalwe ngosizo lobuchwepheshe befilimu; ukukhanya okuzenzakalelayo nokufakwa komculo ngezinjongo ezisetshenzisiwe, okuyingxenye yesistimu engokomfanekiso yokuhlobisa nokuklama. icala.

Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo, kusukela ekuqaleni. Kwenziwa ucwaningo lwekhulu lama-20. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yangaphambi kwempi - ukuhlolwa kukaLL Sabaneev, GM Rimsky-Korsakov, LS Termen, PP Kondratsky - e-USSR; A. Klein, T. Wilfred, A. Laszlo, F. Bentham - phesheya. Ngama-60-70s. Ikhulu lama-20 amakhonsathi akhanyayo we-design Bureau "Prometheus" e-Kazan Aviation Institute adumile. kulawo mahholo omculo olula eKharkov naseMoscow. I-Museum ye-AN Scriabin, ikhonsathi yefilimu. amahholo "Okthoba" eLeningrad, "Russia" eMoscow - e-USSR; I-Amer. "I-Light Music Ensemble" eNew York, intl. Philips, njll. - phesheya. Ububanzi bezindlela ezisetshenziselwa lokhu buhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bakamuva. impumelelo kuze kufike kuma-lasers namakhompyutha. Kulandela amafilimu okuhlola "Prometheus" kanye "Perpetual motion" (design bureau "Prometheus"), "Music and color" (Kyiv film studio esiqanjwe ngo-AP Dovzhenko), "Space - Earth - Space" ("Mosfilm") siqala ukukhishwa ukukhanya -amafilimu omculo azosatshalaliswa (i-Little Triptych emculweni ka-GV Sviridov, i-Kazan Film Studio, 1975; amafilimu i-Horizontal Line ka-N. McLaren kanye ne-Optical Poem ka-O. Fischinger - phesheya). Izakhi ze-S zisetshenziswa kakhulu emculweni. t-re, kumafilimu afakiwe. Zisetshenziswa emidlalweni yaseshashalazini njengokuthi "Umsindo Nokukhanya", ebanjwe ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwabalingisi endaweni evulekile. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kokukhanya kokuhlobisa kanye nokufakwa komculo komklamo wangaphakathi kuthuthukiswa kabanzi. Izikwele namapaki aseYerevan, Batumi, Kirov, Sochi, Krivoy Rog, Dnepropetrovsk, eMoscow ahlotshiswe ngemithombo yokukhanya nomculo "edansa" emculweni. Inkinga yokukhanya nokuhlanganiswa komculo okunikezelwe. uchwepheshe. i-symposia yesayensi. Abamele kakhulu kwakuyizingqungquthela ze-"Farbe-Ton-Forschungen" eJalimane (1927 no-1930) kanye nezingqungquthela ze-All-Union "Ukukhanya Nomculo" e-USSR (1967, 1969, 1975).

References: Izinkulumo ezafundwa eqoqweni lomphakathi le-Imperial Academy of Sciences ngo-April 29, 1742, eSt. Petersburg, 1744; Sabaneev L., Skryabin, M.-Pg., 1917; U-Rimsky-Korsakov GM, Ucacisa umugqa okhanyayo we-"Prometheus" ka-Scriabin, eqoqweni: U-Vremennik woMnyango Wethiyori Nomlando Womculo Wezwe. I-Institute of Art History, vol. 1923, L., 2; Gidoni GI, The Art of Light and Color, L., 1926; Leontiev K., Umculo nombala, M., 1930; eyakhe, Umbala kaPrometheus, M., 1961; Galeev B., Scriabin kanye nokuthuthukiswa komqondo womculo obonakalayo, ku: Music and Modernity, vol. 1965, M., 6; eyakhe, ukuhlolwa kobuciko kanye nobuchwepheshe be-SLE "Prometheus", Kazan, 1969; eyakhe, Umculo okhanyayo: ukwakheka kanye nengqikithi yobuciko obusha, Kazan, 1974; Inkomfa "Ukukhanya Nomculo" (izifinyezo nezichasiselo), i-Kazan, i-1976; Rags Yu., Nazaikinsky E., Ngamathuba obuciko okuhlanganiswa komculo nemibala, ku: Ubuciko Bomculo Nesayensi, vol. 1969, M., 1; I-Yuryev FI, Umculo Wokukhanya, K., 1970; I-Vanechkina IL, Emibonweni ekhanyayo yomculo we-AN Scriabin, kokuthi: Imibuzo yomlando, ithiyori yomculo nemfundo yomculo, Sat. 1971, Kazan, 2; eyakhe, Ingxenye “Luce” njengesihluthulelo sokuvumelana sekwephuzile kukaScriabin, “SM”, 1972, No 1977; I-Galeev BM, i-Andreev SA, Izimiso zokuklama zamadivayisi okukhanya nomculo, M., 4; Dzyubenko AG, Umbala womculo, M., 1973; Ubuciko bemisindo ekhazimulayo. Sat. Art., Kazan, 1973; Izinto ze-All-Union School of Young Scientists enkingeni ethi "Ukukhanya Nomculo". (Ingqungquthela yesithathu), eKazan, ngo-1973; Vanslov VV, Ubuciko obubonakalayo nomculo. Izindatshana, L., 1975.

BM Galeev