Isistimu ye-Chromatic |

Isistimu ye-Chromatic - isistimu yezinyathelo eziyishumi nambili, ithonilithi enwetshiwe, - uhlelo lokuvumelana kwethoni oluvumela, ngaphakathi kwethonility enikeziwe, ingoma yanoma yisiphi isakhiwo esinyathelweni ngasinye kweziyishumi nambili zesikali sechromatic.

Specific for X. nge. ziyizinyathelo ezingafakiwe kuzinhlelo ze-diatonic noma ezinkulu-ezincane (bona i-Diatonic, Major-minor) futhi ezingezona ukuvumelana kwezinhlelo ezingaphansi (ukuchezuka) kuzo; esibonelweni amakwe ngamanothi amnyama:

Ukusetshenziswa okuyisampula kokuvumelana okuvela ku-X. nge:

SS Prokofiev. “I-Betrothal in a Monastery” (“Duenna”), isigcawu 1. (I-Chord X. s. n II isebenza esikhundleni se-DV lapha ngokomgomo wokushintsha i-tritone.)

Harmony X. s. ube nokukhanya okukhulu nokucwebezela komsindo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo ze-X. c. - ngokulondolozwa kwesisekelo se-mono-mode (i-chromatic enkulu noma i-chromatic encane; emisebenzini ye-SS Prokofiev) kanye nokwenqatshwa kwayo (i-chromatic tonality ngaphandle kokucacisa imodi; ngu-P. Hindemith). Amasistimu azo zombili izinhlobo asetshenziswa kokubili nesikhungo ngesimo sekhonsoni. ungwaqa (bona isibonelo ngenhla; futhi i-fugue ku-C isuka ku-Hindemith's Ludus tonalis), kanye ne-dissonance. isikhungo (ingqikithi eyinhloko ye-"Great Sacred Dance" evela ku-"The Rite of Spring" ka-IF Stravinsky; itimu eyinhloko yengxenye yesi-2 ye-"Lyrical Suite" kaBerg). UMnyango. ukubonakaliswa kwe-X. nge. kakade itholakala emculweni wekhulu le-19. (I-AP Borodin, i-cadence yokuvala ye-"Polovtsian Dances" evela ku-opera ethi "Prince Igor": HV-I), kodwa ijwayeleke kakhulu emculweni we-tonal wekhulu lama-20. (DD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturyan, TN Khrennikov, DB Kabalevsky, RK Shchedrin, A. Ya. Eshpay, RS Ledenev, B Bartok, A. Schoenberg, A. Webern nabanye).

Embonweni wesayensi yomculo u-X. nge. yabekwa phambili nguSI Taneev (1880, 1909) noBL Yavorsky (1908). Igama elithi "chromatic tonality" lasetshenziswa nguSchoenberg (1911). Incazelo yesimanje X. s. inikezwe ngu-VM Belyaev (1930). Ngokuningiliziwe ithiyori ye-X nge. yathuthukiswa ngeminyaka yama-60s. Ikhulu lama-20 (M. Skorik, SM Slonimsky, ME Tarakanov, njll.).

References: Taneev SI, Incwadi eya ku-PI Tchaikovsky yango-Agasti 6, 1880, encwadini: PI Tchaikovsky - SI Taneev, Izincwadi, (M.), 1951; eyakhe, i-Movable counterpoint yokubhala ngokuqinile, Leipzig, 1909, M., 1959; Yavorsky B., Isakhiwo senkulumo yomculo, ingxenye 1, M., 1908; I-Catuar GL, Inkambo yethiyori yokuvumelana, izingxenye 1-2, M., 1924-1925; Belyaev VM, "Boris Godunov" nguMussorgsky. Isipiliyoni sokuhlaziywa kwetimu kanye nethiyori, encwadini: Mussorgsky, Articles and research, vol. 1, M., 1930; Ogolevets AS, Isingeniso sokucabanga komculo wesimanje, M.-L., 1946; I-Skorik MM, i-Prokofiev ne-Schoenberg, "SM", 1962, No 1; eyakhe, uhlelo lweLadovaya S. Prokofiev, K., 1969; Slonimsky SM, Prokofiev sika Symphonies. Isipiliyoni socwaningo, M.-L., 1964; Tiftikidi N., Chromatic system, “Musicology”, vol. 3, Alma-Ata, 1967; Tarakanov ME, Isitayela sama-symphonies kaProkofiev, M., 1968; Schoenberg A., Harmonielehre, W., 1911; Hindemith P., Unterweisung im Tonsatz, Bd 1, Mainz, 1937; Kohoutek S., Novodobé skladebné smery v hudbe, Praha, 1965 (Ukuhunyushwa kwesiRashiya - Kohoutek Ts., Indlela yokuqamba emculweni wekhulu le-1976, M., XNUMX).

Yu. N. Kholopov