Lev Nikolayevich Revutsky |

Lev Revutsky

Isigaba esibalulekile emlandweni womculo wase-Ukraine waseSoviet sihlotshaniswa negama lika-L. Revutsky. Ifa lomqambi lincane – ama-symphonies angu-2, ikhonsathi yopiyano, i-sonata kanye nochungechunge lwezithombe ezincane ze-pianoforte, ama-cantatas angu-2 (“Iduku” elisekelwe enkondlweni ka-T. Shevchenko ethi “Angihambanga ngeSonto” kanye ne-vocal-symphonic inkondlo ethi “Ode to a Song” esekelwe emavesini ka-M. Rylsky) , amaculo, amakhwaya kanye nokucushwa kwezingoma zomdabu ezingaphezu kuka-120. Nokho, kunzima ukweqisa igalelo lomqambi esikweni lesizwe. Ikhonsathi yakhe yayiyisibonelo sokuqala salolu hlobo emculweni wochwepheshe wase-Ukraine, i-Symphony Yesibili yabeka izisekelo ze-symphony yase-Ukraine yaseSoviet. Amaqoqo akhe nemijikelezo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwathuthukisa kakhulu amasiko abekwe yizazi zendabuko ezifana no-N. Lysenko, K. Stetsenko, Ya. UStepova. U-Revutsky wayengumsunguli wokucutshungulwa kwezinganekwane zamaSoviet.

Impumelelo yomsebenzi womqambi yafika ngeminyaka yama-20s. futhi kwaqondana nenkathi yokukhula ngokushesha kobunikazi bezwe, ukutadisha okukhuthele komlando namasiko adlule. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunentshisekelo eyengeziwe kwezobuciko bekhulu le-1921, egcwele umoya wokulwa ne-serfdom. (ikakhulukazi emsebenzini kaT. Shevchenko, I. Franko, L. Ukrainka), kubuciko bomdabu. Ngo-1919, kwavulwa ihhovisi lomculo ne-ethnographic e-Kyiv e-Academy of Sciences ye-SSR yase-Ukraine, amaqoqo ezingoma zesintu nezifundo zezinganekwane yizazi ezihola phambili zezinganekwane u-K. Kvitka, G. Verevka, N. Leontovich, kwanyatheliswa kanye nomagazini bomculo. zashicilelwa. I-orchestra yokuqala ye-symphony ye-republic yavela (XNUMX), ama-ensembles ekamelo, kwavulwa izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi yomculo kazwelonke. Kwakuphakathi nale minyaka lapho i-aesthetics ye-Revutsky ekugcineni yasungulwa, cishe yonke imisebenzi yakhe engcono kakhulu yavela. Ugxile ekujuleni kobuciko bomdabu obucebe kakhulu, umculo ka-Revutsky wathatha isisho sakhe esikhethekile esiqotho nobubanzi obuyingqopha-mlando, ukukhanya kwemizwelo kanye nokukhalipha. Ubonakala ngokuvumelana kwe-classical, ukulingana, isimo sengqondo esikhanyayo.

U-Revutsky wazalelwa emndenini ohlakaniphile womculo. Amakhonsathi ayevame ukubanjelwa ekhaya, lapho kuzwakala khona umculo we-I, S. Bach, WA ​​Mozart, F. Schubert. Ekuseni kakhulu umfana wajwayela ingoma yesintu. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-5, Revutsky waqala ukufunda umculo nonina, bese kuba nothisha abahlukahlukene esifundazweni. Ngo-1903, wangena e-Kyiv School of Music and Drama, lapho uthisha wakhe wepiyano kwakungu-N. Lysenko, umqambi ovelele nomsunguli womculo wochwepheshe wase-Ukraine. Nokho, izithakazelo Revutsky ebusheni bakhe kwakungagcini nje umculo, futhi ngo-1908. wangena Faculty of Physics and Mathematics kanye Faculty of Law of Kyiv University. Ngokuhambisanayo, umqambi wakusasa uhambela izinkulumo eSikoleni Somculo se-RMO. Phakathi nale minyaka, bekuneqembu eliqinile le-opera e-Kyiv, elalidlala imidlalo yakudala yaseRussia neyaseNtshonalanga Yurophu; Amakhonsathi e-symphonic kanye ne-chamber aqhutshwa ngendlela ehlelekile, abadlali abavelele nabaqambi abafana no-S. Rachmaninov, A. Scriabin, V. Landovskaya, F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov bavakashela. Kancane kancane, impilo yomculo wedolobha iyamjabulisa uRevutsky, futhi, eqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eyunivesithi, ungena e-conservatory evuliwe ngesisekelo sesikole ekilasini likaR Gliere (1913). Nokho, impi nokukhishwa kwazo zonke izikhungo zemfundo ezihlobene nayo kwaphazamisa izifundo ezihleliwe. Ngo-1916, Revutsky waphothula enyuvesi kanye Conservatory ngesivinini esisheshayo (izingxenye ezimbili Symphony First kanye izingcezu upiyano eziningana wethulwa njengomsebenzi thesis). Ku-2, ugcina phambili eRiga. Kuphela ngemva kwe-Great October Socialist Revolution, ebuyela ekhaya e-Irzhavets, lapho umqambi ehileleke emsebenzini wokudala - wabhala ezothando, izingoma ezidumile, amaculo, kanye nezingoma zakhe ezihamba phambili, i-cantata The Handkerchief (1917).

Ngo-1924, u-Revutsky wathuthela e-Kyiv futhi waqala ukufundisa e-Music and Drama Institute, futhi ngemva kokuhlukaniswa kwayo eyunivesithi yaseshashalazini kanye ne-conservatory, wathuthela emnyangweni wokwakhiwa kwe-Conservatory, lapho, iminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi, wonke. umlaza wabaqambi abanekhono base-Ukraine bashiya ikilasi lakhe - uP noG. Mayboroda, A. Filippenko, G. Zhukovsky, V. Kireyko, A. Kolomiets. Imibono yokuqamba yomqambi ihlukaniswa ngobubanzi nokuhlukahluka. Kodwa indawo eyinhloko kuzo ingeyamalungiselelo ezingoma zomdabu - ezihlekisayo nezomlando, ezomculo nezingokwesiko. Yavela kanje imijikelezo ethi “Ilanga, Izingoma ZaseGalician” kanye neqoqo elithi “Cossack Songs”, elibambe indawo ebalulekile efeni lomqambi. Ukunotha kwe-folklore ejulile yolimi ebunyeni bezinto eziphilayo kanye namasiko aphikisiwe obuciko besimanjemanje, ukucaca komculo oseduze nezingoma zomdabu, kanye nezinkondlo kube yizimpawu zombhalo wesandla ka-Revutsky. Isibonelo esigqama kakhulu sokucatshangelwa kabusha kobuciko okunjalo kwenganekwane kwakuyi-Second Symphony (1927), i-Piano Concerto (1936) kanye nokuhluka kwe-symphonic ye-Cossack.

Ngama-30s. umqambi ubhala amakhwaya ezingane, umculo wefilimu nemidlalo yaseshashalazini, izingoma zezinsimbi (“i-Ballad” ye-cello, “i-Moldavian lullaby” ye-oboe ne-string orchestra). Kusukela ngo-1936 kuya ku-1955 u-Revutsky uhlanganyela ekuphothuleni nasekuhleleni indalo ephezulu kathisha wakhe - i-opera ka-N. Lysenko ethi "Taras Bulba". Lapho kugqashuka impi, Revutsky wathuthela Tashkent futhi wasebenza Conservatory. Indawo ehamba phambili emsebenzini wakhe manje isithathwe ingoma yokushisekela izwe.

Ngo-1944 Revutsky wabuyela e-Kyiv. Kuthatha umqambi umzamo omkhulu kanye nesikhathi ukubuyisela izikolo zama-symphonies amabili kanye nekhonsathi eyalahleka phakathi nempi - ubhala phansi cishe ngekhanda, enze izinguquko. Phakathi kwemisebenzi emisha kukhona ethi “Ode to a Song” kanye “Nengoma Yeqembu”, ebhalwe njengengxenye yeqoqo le-cantata. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, Revutsky wahola Union of Composers of the Ukraine SSR, futhi wenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokuhlela imisebenzi eqoqwe Lysenko. Kwaze kwaba sezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe, Revutsky wasebenza njengothisha, izihloko eshicilelwe, futhi wasebenza njengomphikisi ekuvikeleni dissertations.

… Ngesinye isikhathi, eseqashelwa njengomdala womculo wase-Ukraine, u-Lev Nikolayevich wazama ukuhlola indlela yakhe yokudala kwezobuciko futhi wacasulwa inani elincane lama-opuses ngenxa yokubuyekezwa, ukubuyekezwa kwezingoma eziqediwe. Yini eyamenza waphikelela kanjalo ephindelela kulokho ayekubhalile? Ukulwela ukupheleliswa, ukuthola iqiniso nobuhle, ukunemba kanye nesimo sengqondo sokungayekethisi ekuhloleni umsebenzi womuntu siqu. Lokhu kuye kwanquma njalo i-credo yokudala ye-Revutsky, futhi ekugcineni, impilo yakhe yonke.

O. Dashevskaya