UMax Reger |

UMax Reger

I-Reger iwuphawu lwenkathi, ibhuloho phakathi kwamakhulu eminyaka. E. Otto

Impilo emfushane yokudala yomculi waseJalimane ovelele - umqambi, umdlali wopiyano, umqhubi we-ogani, uthisha kanye nombhali wemibono - uM. Reger yenzeka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX. Ngemva kokuqala umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko obuhambisana nokuthandana kwakamuva, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwethonya lesitayela se-Wagnerian, u-Reger kusukela ekuqaleni wathola eminye imibono yakudala - ngokuyinhloko emlandweni ka-JS Bach. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemizwa yothando nokuncika okuqinile kokwakhayo, okucacile, nobuhlakani ingqikithi yobuciko bukaReger, isikhundla sakhe sobuciko esithuthukayo, eduze nabaculi bekhulu lesi-XNUMX. "I-neoclassicist yaseJalimane enkulu kunazo zonke" yabizwa ngokuthi umqambi ngumqambi wakhe oshisekayo, umgxeki ophawulekayo waseRussia u-V. Karatygin, kuyilapho ephawula ukuthi "uReger ungumntwana wesimanje, ukhangwa yizo zonke izinhlupheko nezilingo zanamuhla."

Esabela ngokuzwela ezenzakalweni zomphakathi eziqhubekayo, ukungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalakahle, u-Reger kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, uhlelo lwemfundo lwaluhlotshaniswa namasiko kazwelonke - izimiso zabo eziphakeme, inkolo yobuciko obuchwepheshile, isithakazelo ku-ogani, i-chamber instrumental kanye nomculo wamakhwaya. Wamkhulisa kanje uyise, uthisha edolobheni elincane laseBavaria, i-Weiden, yile ndlela umculi wesonto wase-Weiden u-A. Lindner kanye nomfundisi omkhulu waseJalimane u-G. Riemann afundisa ngayo, owagxilisa kuReger uthando lwama-classics aseJalimane. Ngo-Riemann, umculo ka-I. Brahms wangena unomphela engqondweni yomqambi osemusha, emsebenzini wakhe ukuhlanganiswa kwe-classical kanye nezothando kwaqala ukubonwa. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi uReger wanquma ukuthumela umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala obalulekile - i-organ suite "In Memory of Bach" (1895). Lo mculi osemusha wabheka impendulo eyatholwa ngaphambi nje kokufa kukaBrahms njengesibusiso, izwi lokuvalelisa elivela kunkosi enkulu, iziyalezo zakhe zobuciko azenza ngokucophelela ekuphileni kwakhe.

U-Reger wathola ikhono lakhe lokuqala lomculo kubazali bakhe (uyise wamfundisa ithiyori, ukudlala i-organ, i-violin ne-cello, unina wayedlala upiyano). Amakhono ayembulwe ekuqaleni avumela umfana ukuba athathe isikhundla sikathisha wakhe uLindner esontweni iminyaka engu-13, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe aqala ukuqamba. Ngo-1890-93. U-Reger upholisha amakhono akhe okuqamba nawokwenza ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Riemann. Khona-ke, eWiesbaden, waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa, owathatha impilo yakhe yonke, eRoyal Academy of Music eMunich (1905-06), eLeipzig Conservatory (1907-16). E-Leipzig, uReger wayebuye abe ngumqondisi womculo wale nyuvesi. Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kukhona abaculi abaningi abavelele - I. Khas, O. Shek, E. Tokh, nabanye. UReger uphinde waba negalelo elikhulu kwezobuciko obudlalwayo, evame ukucula njengomdlali wopiyano nomdlali we-ogani. Ngo-1911-14 iminyaka. wahola inkundla yesonto le-symphony ye-Duke of Meiningen, wakha kuyo i-orchestra emangalisayo eyanqoba lonke iJalimane ngekhono layo.

Nokho, umsebenzi wokuqamba kaReger awuzange uthole ukuqashelwa ngokushesha ezweni lakubo. Imiboniso yokuqala ayiphumelelanga, futhi ngemva kwenhlekelele enzima, ngo-1898, waphinde wazithola esesimweni esizuzisayo sekhaya labazali bakhe, umqambi ungena enkathini yokuchuma. Iminyaka emi-3 udala imisebenzi eminingi - op. 20-59; phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-chamber ensembles, izingcezu zepiyano, izingoma zezwi, kodwa imisebenzi yezitho igqama ikakhulukazi - amaphupho ayi-7 ezindikimba zamakhwaya, i-Fantasia ne-fugue endikimbeni ethi BACH (1900). Ukuvuthwa kuza kuReger, umbono wakhe womhlaba, imibono kwezobuciko ekugcineni yakhiwe. Engakaze awele ekukholelweni egodini, uReger walandela isiqubulo ukuphila kwakhe konke: “Akukho ukuvumelana emculweni!” Ukuziphatha komqambi kwabonakala ikakhulukazi eMunich, lapho ahlaselwa khona kabuhlungu abaphikisi bakhe bomculo.

Inkulu ngenani (ama-opus angu-146), ifa likaReger lihluke kakhulu - kokubili ohlotsheni (awanalo kuphela isiteji), kanye nemithombo yesitayela - kusukela enkathini yangaphambi kwe-Bahov kuya ku-Schumann, Wagner, Brahms. Kodwa umqambi wayenezinkanuko zakhe ezikhethekile. Lawa ama-chamber ensembles (ama-opuses angama-70 ezinhlobonhlobo zezingoma) nomculo wezitho (cishe izingoma ezingama-200). Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi kukule ndawo lapho ubudlelwano bukaReger no-Bach, ukukhangwa kwakhe ku-polyphony, ezinhlotsheni zezinsimbi zasendulo, kuzwakala kakhulu. Ukuvuma izono komqambi kuyisici: “Abanye benza amafugue, ngingahlala kuwo kuphela.” Isikhumbuzo sokuqanjwa kwesitho sikaReger sitholakala kakhulu ekuqanjweni kwakhe kwe-orchestral kanye nopiyano, okuthi phakathi kwawo, esikhundleni se-sonatas evamile nama-symphonies, imijikelezo eyandisiwe yokuhlukahluka kwe-polyphonic ivelele - Ukuhlukahluka kwe-symphonic kanye ne-fugues ezindikimbeni zika-J. Hiller kanye no-WA Mozart (1907) , 1914), Ukwahluka kanye namafugues wepiyano kumatimu ka-JS Bach, GF Telemann, L. Beethoven (1904, 1914, 1904). Kodwa umqambi wabuye wanaka izinhlobo zothando (i-orchestral Four Poems after A. Becklin – 1913, Romantic Suite after J. Eichendorff – 1912; imijikelezo yepiyano kanye nezincane zezwi). Ubuye washiya izibonelo ezivelele ezinhlotsheni zamakhwaya - kusukela kumakhwaya e-cappella kuya kuma-cantata kanye neHubo 100 - 1909 elihle kakhulu.

Ekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, uReger waduma, ngo-1910 kwahlelwa umkhosi womculo wakhe eDortmund. Elinye lamazwe okuqala ukuqaphela ithalente lenkosi yaseJalimane kwakuyiRussia, lapho enza khona ngempumelelo ngo-1906 nalapho abingelelwa khona isizukulwane esisha sabaculi baseRussia esasiholwa nguN. Myaskovsky noS. Prokofiev.

G. Zhdanova