I-Ottorino Respighi (Ottorino Respighi) |

Ottorino Respighi

Emlandweni womculo wase-Italy engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. U-Respighi wangena njengombhali wohlelo olukhanyayo lwemisebenzi ye-symphonic (izinkondlo "Imithombo YaseRoma", "Izikhonkwane ZaseRoma").

Umqambi wesikhathi esizayo wazalelwa emndenini wabaculi. Umkhulu wakhe wayengumculi we-ogani, uyise engumdlali wopiyano, wayene-Respighi futhi wathatha izifundo zakhe zokuqala zopiyano. Ngo-1891-99. Izifundo ze-Respighi e-Music Lyceum e-Bologna: ukudlala ivayolin no-F. Sarti, i-counterpoint kanye ne-fugue no-Dall Olio, okuqanjwe no-L. Torqua kanye no-J. Martucci. Kusukela ngo-1899 uye wadlala emakhonsathini njengomdlali wevayolini. Ngo-1900 wabhala enye yezingoma zakhe zokuqala - "Symphonic Variations" ye-orchestra.

Ngo-1901, njengomdlali wevayolini eqenjini lomculo, uRespighi wafika eSt. Petersburg neqembu le-opera lase-Italy. Nansi umhlangano obalulekile no-N. Rimsky-Korsakov. Umqambi ohlonishwayo waseRussia wabingelela ngesivakashi esingasijwayele, kodwa ngemva kokubheka amaphuzu aso, waba nesithakazelo futhi wavuma ukufunda nale nsizwa yaseNtaliyane. Amakilasi athatha izinyanga ezi-5. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-Rimsky-Korsakov, u-Respighi wabhala i-Prelude, iChorale ne-Fugue ye-orchestra. Le ndaba yaba umsebenzi wakhe wokuthweswa iziqu e-Bologna Lyceum, futhi uthisha wakhe uMartucci waphawula: “URespighi akaseyena umfundi, kodwa useyingcweti.” Naphezu kwalokhu, umqambi waqhubeka ethuthuka: ngo-1902 wathatha izifundo zokuqamba ezivela ku-M. Bruch eBerlin. Ngemva konyaka, uRespighi uphinde wavakashela eRussia neqembu le-opera, uhlala eSt. Petersburg naseMoscow. Njengoba esekwazi kahle ulimi lwesiRashiya, ujwayelana nempilo yobuciko yala madolobha ngentshisekelo, ekwazisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-opera yaseMoscow ne-ballet enezindawo nezingubo zika-K. Korovin noL. Bakst. Ubudlelwano neRussia abumi ngisho nangemva kokubuyela ezweni lakubo. U-A. Lunacharsky wafunda eNyuvesi yase-Bologna, okwathi kamuva, eminyakeni engu-20, waveza isifiso sokuthi u-Respighi uzobuya eRussia futhi.

U-Respighi ungomunye wabaqambi bokuqala base-Italy ukuthola kabusha amakhasi omculo wase-Italy akhohlwe ingxenye yawo. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1900 udala i-orchestration entsha ye-"Ariadne's Lament" ka-C. Monteverdi, futhi ukwakheka kwenziwa ngempumelelo e-Berlin Philharmonic.

Ngo-1914, Respighi kakade umbhali opera ezintathu, kodwa ukusebenza kule ndawo akumlethi impumelelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusungulwa kwenkondlo ye-symphonic ethi The Fountains of Rome (1917) kwabeka umqambi phambili kubaculi base-Italy. Lena ingxenye yokuqala yohlobo lwe-symphonic trilogy: The Fountains of Rome, The Pines of Rome (1924) kanye neThe Feasts of Rome (1928). G. Puccini, owayemazi eduze umqambi futhi engumngane wakhe, wathi: “Ingabe uyazi ukuthi ubani oqala ukufunda amaphuzu kaRespighi? I. Kundlu yokushicilela yase-Ricordi ngithola ikhophi yokuqala yamaphuzu akhe amasha futhi ngincoma kakhulu ubuciko bakhe bokudlala izinsimbi obungenakuqhathaniswa.

Ukujwayelana no-I. Stravinsky, S. Diaghilev, M. Fokin noV. Nijinsky kwakubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini kaRespighi. Ngo-1919 iqembu lika-Diaghilev ladlala eLondon i-ballet yakhe ethi The Miracle Shop, esekelwe emculweni wezingcezu zepiyano ka-G. Rossini.

Kusukela ngo-1921, u-Respighi ubevame ukwenza njengomqhubi, enza izingoma zakhe, ehambela njengomdlali wopiyano eYurophu, e-USA naseBrazil. Kusukela ngo-1913 kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, wafundisa e-Academy of Santa Cecilia eRoma, nango-1924-26. ungumqondisi wayo.

Umsebenzi we-symphonic ka-Respighi uhlanganisa ngokukhethekile izindlela zokubhala zesimanje, i-orchestration emibalabala (i-symphonic trilogy eshiwo ngenhla, “Brazilian Impressions”), kanye nokuthambekela emculweni we-archaic, izinhlobo zasendulo, okungukuthi izici ze-neoclassicism. Inqwaba yemisebenzi yomqambi yayibhalwe ezindikimbeni zengoma kaGregory (“i-Gregorian Concerto” yevayolini, “Ikhonsathi ngemodi ye-Mixolydian” kanye namanduleli angu-3 emiculo kaGregory yepiyano, “Doria Quartet”). U-Respighi ungumnikazi wezinhlelo zamahhala zama-opera athi “I-Servant-Madam” ka-G. Pergolesi, “Amaqhinga Owesifazane” ka-D. Cimarosa, “Orpheus” ka-C. Monteverdi neminye imisebenzi yabaqambi basendulo base-Italy, i-orchestration ye-"Etudes-Paintings" emihlanu ngu-S. Rachmaninov, i-organ passacaglia ku-C minor JS Bach.

V. Ilyeva

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