Grzegorz Fitlberg |

Grzegorz Fitelberg

Lo mculi ungeyenye yezindawo ezigqame kakhulu esikweni lomculo lasePoland lekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Umculo wasePoland ukweleta okukhulu ku-Grzegorz Fitelberg ngokuqashelwa kwawo, ukungena kwawo ezigabeni zekhonsathi zomhlaba wonke.

Ubaba womculi wesikhathi esizayo - u-Grzegorz Fitelberg Sr. - wayengumqhubi wezempi futhi, lapho ethole ithalenta elingavamile endodaneni yakhe, wamthumela e-Warsaw Music Institute eneminyaka eyishumi nambili. UFitelberg waphumelela ngo-1896 ekilasini le-violin lika-S. Bartsevich nasekilasini lokuqamba lika-3. U-Noskovsky, ethole umklomelo we-I. Paderevsky we-violin sonata yakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho, waba umphathi wekhonsathi ye-Warsaw Opera House Orchestra, futhi kamuva waba yiPhilharmonic. Nalaba bamuva, waqala ukucula njengomqhubi ngo-1904, futhi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva waqala umsebenzi womqhubi ovamile.

Ngalesi sikhathi, uFitelberg wayesezuze udumo njengomqambi othakazelisayo, umbhali wama-symphonies amabili, izinkondlo ze-symphonic (kuhlanganise nezingoma eziphathelene ne-Falcon ka-M. Gorky), i-chamber kanye nezingoma zezwi. Kanye nabaculi basePoland abathuthukayo - M. Karlovich, K. Shimanovsky, L. Ruzhitsky, A. Sheluta - wayengumhleli womphakathi we-Young Poland, owawuhlose ukukhuthaza umculo omusha wezwe. Futhi ngokushesha uFitelberg ekugcineni ushiya ukwakheka ukuze asebenze le njongo ngobuciko bakhe bokuqhuba.

Kakade eshumini lesibili leminyaka lekhulu lethu, umqhubi weFitelberg uthola ukuqashelwa. Wenza uhambo lwakhe lokuqala nge-Warsaw Philharmonic, uqhuba e-Vienna Court Opera nasemakhonsathini we-Society of Friends of Music, unikeza inani lamakhonsathi emkhosini wokuqala womculo wasePoland eKrakow. Umculi uchitha isikhathi eside eRussia - kusukela ngo-1914 kuya ku-1921. Wenza amakhonsathi esiteshini sesitimela sasePavlovsky, wahola i-State Symphony Orchestra, wahola ama-performance at the Mariinsky and Bolshoi theatre.

UFitelberg ubesebenza ngesasasa nomfutho kusukela ebuyele ezweni lakubo. Ngo-1925-1934, wahola i-Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra, wabe esehlela iqembu lakhe - i-Polish Radio Orchestra, kakade ngo-1927 yaklonyeliswa ngendondo yegolide e-World Exhibition eParis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculi uhlala enza e-Warsaw Opera, wenza izinkambo ezinde zaseYurophu, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, lapho enganikezi amakhonsathi kuphela, kodwa futhi uqhuba i-opera ne-ballet. Ngakho, ngo-1924, wema endaweni yesikhulumi se-Russian Ballet ka-S. Diaghilev, futhi ngo-1922 wabamba umbukiso wokuqala we-Stravinsky's Mavra e-Grand Opera eParis. UFitelberg wavakashela e-USSR ngokuphindaphindiwe, lapho ubuciko bakhe bajabulela uthando olukhulu lwabalaleli. “Yonke imihlangano emisha naye ijabulisa ngendlela entsha. Lona umpetha wokuziphatha okuhle, nakuba ezithibe, umhleli okhaliphile we-orchestra, okwazi ukuyibeka ngaphansi kohlelo lwakhe lokudlala olucabangelayo nolujulile,” u-A. Goldenweiser wabhala ngaye.

Umculi wokuqala wezingoma eziningi zabangane bakhe emphakathini we-Young Poland, futhi wanikeza inqwaba yamakhonsathi phesheya, izinhlelo zazo ezaqanjwa kuphela yimisebenzi kaSzymanowski, uKarlovich, uRuzhitsky, kanye nababhali abancane - Wojtowicz, Maklakevich. , Palester, Perkovsky, Kondratsky nabanye. Udumo luka-Szymanowski emhlabeni wonke lwalubangelwa kakhulu wumculo wakhe ogqugquzelwe futhi ongenakuqhathaniswa owenziwa yiFitelberg. Ngaso leso sikhathi, uFitelberg wazenza waziwa njengomhumushi ohamba phambili wemisebenzi yabaqambi abakhulu bengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lesi-XNUMX - uRavel, uRoussel, uHindemith, uMilhaud, uHonegger nabanye. Ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, umqhubi waphinde wenza njalo umculo waseRussia, ikakhulukazi uScriabin, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Myaskovsky; ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, i-First Symphony ka-D. Shostakovich yenziwa okokuqala ePoland.

Kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, uFitelberg wanikela lonke ithalenta lakhe ekukhonzeni ubuciko bakhe bomdabu. Kuphela phakathi neminyaka yokubusa kwamaNazi waphoqeleka ukuba ahambe ePoland futhi wanikeza amakhonsathi eNetherlands, eNgilandi, ePortugal, e-USA naseNingizimu Melika. Lapho ebuyela ezweni lakubo ngo-1947, lo mculi wahola i-Polish Radio Grand Symphony Orchestra eKatowice, efundisa eWarsaw Conservatory, wasebenza kakhulu namaqembu omculo wezimfundamakhwela, futhi wabamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni eziningi zomphakathi. I-Fitelberg yaklonyeliswa ngezindondo nemiklomelo ephakeme kakhulu ye-Polish People's Republic.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek