U-Eric Satie (Erik Satie) |

U-Erik Satie

Amafu anele, inkungu nama-aquariums, ama-nymphs amanzi kanye nephunga elimnandi ebusuku; sidinga umculo wasemhlabeni, umculo wempilo yansuku zonke!… J. Cocteau

U-E. Satie ungomunye wabaqambi besiFulentshi abayindida kakhulu. Wamangaza abantu besikhathi sakhe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngokukhuluma ngentshiseko ezimemezelweni zakhe zokudala ngokumelene nalokho ayekuvikele ngentshiseko kwaze kwaba muva nje. Ngawo-1890, ngemva kokuhlangana no-C. Debussy, u-Satie wamelana nokulingisa okuyimpumputhe kuka-R. Wagner, ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-impressionism yomculo esafufusa, eyayifanekisela ukuvuselelwa kobuciko besizwe saseFrance. Kamuva, umqambi wahlasela ama-epigones of impressionism, ephikisana nokungacacile kwayo nokucwengisiswa kwayo ngendlela ecacile, elula, futhi eqinile yokubhala ngomugqa. Abaqambi abasha be-"Six" bathonywe kakhulu nguSati. Umoya wokuhlubuka ongaphumuli wawuhlala kumqambi, ubiza ukuchithwa kwamasiko. U-Sati uhehe intsha ngenselelo enesibindi yokunambitha kwe-philistine, ngezinqumo zakhe ezizimele, zobuhle.

USati wazalelwa emndenini we-port broker. Phakathi kwezihlobo babengekho abaculi, futhi ukukhangwa komculo okwakubonakala ekuqaleni akuzange kubonakale. Kuphela lapho u-Eric eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala - umndeni wathuthela eParis - lapho kwaqala khona izifundo zomculo ezinzima. Lapho eneminyaka engu-18, uSati wangena eParis Conservatory, wafunda ukuvumelana nezinye izifundo zethiyori isikhathi esithile, futhi wathatha izifundo zepiyano. Kodwa enganelisekile ngokuqeqeshwa, ushiya amakilasi namavolontiya ebuthweni. Ebuyela eParis ngemva konyaka, usebenza njengomdlali wopiyano ezindaweni zokudlela ezincane eMontmartre, lapho ahlangana khona noC. Debussy, owaba nesithakazelo ekuzwaneni kwasekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa komdlali wopiyano osemncane waze wathatha nokucula umjikelezo wakhe wepiyano iGymnopédie. . Ukwazana kwaphenduka ubungane besikhathi eside. Ithonya likaSatie lasiza uDebussy ukuba anqobe ukuthatheka kwakhe kwasebusheni ngomsebenzi kaWagner.

Ngo-1898, uSatie wathuthela endaweni engaphansi kweParis yase-Arcay. Wazinza ekamelweni eliphansi esitezi sesibili ngaphezu kwekhefi elincane, futhi akekho noyedwa kubangane bakhe owayekwazi ukungena kulesi siphephelo somqambi. Ku-Sati, isiteketiso esithi "Arkey hermit" saqiniswa. Wayehlala yedwa, egwema abamemezeli, egwema ukunikezwa imali eningi yaseshashalazini. Ngezikhathi ezithile wabonakala eParis ngomsebenzi omusha. Wonke umculo waseParis waphinda ubuhlakani buka-Sati, ama-aphorisms akhe ahloswe kahle, ahlekisayo mayelana nobuciko, mayelana nabaqambi abakanye naye.

Ngo-1905-08. eneminyaka engu-39, uSatie wangena ku-Schola cantorum, lapho afunda khona i-counterpoint kanye nokwakheka no-O. Serrier no-A. Roussel. Izingoma zokuqala zika-Sati zihlehlela emuva ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s nama-90s: Ama-Gymnopedia angu-3, ​​IMisa Labampofu lekhwaya ne-ogani, Izingcezu Ezibandayo zepiyano.

Eminyakeni yama-20s. waqala ukushicilela amaqoqo ezingcezu zepiyano, ngendlela engavamile, enezihloko eziwubukhazikhazi: “Izingcezu Ezintathu Ezisesimweni Sepheya”, “Esikhumbeni Sehhashi”, “Izincazelo Ezizenzakalelayo”, “Imibungu Eyomile”. Izingoma eziningi ezimangalisayo ze-melodic-waltzes, ezisheshe zaduma, nazo zingezasikhathi esifanayo. Ngo-1915, u-Satie wasondelana nembongi, umbhali wemidlalo kanye nomhlaziyi womculo u-J. Cocteau, owammema, ngokubambisana no-P. Picasso, ukuba abhale i-ballet yeqembu lika-S. Diaghilev. I-premiere ye-ballet "Parade" yenzeka ngo-1917 ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka-E. Ansermet.

I-primitivism ngamabomu futhi igcizelele ukunganakwa kobuhle bomsindo, ukwethulwa kwemisindo yama-siren emoto kumaphuzu, ukutshiyoza komshini wokubhala neminye imisindo kubangele umsindo onomsindo emphakathini nokuhlaselwa kwabagxeki, okungazange kumthene amandla umqambi futhi. abangani bakhe. Emculweni weParade, u-Sati udale kabusha umoya wehholo lomculo, amaphimbo nezigqi zemiculo yansuku zonke yasemgwaqweni.

Eyabhalwa ngo-1918, umculo "wedrama ye-symphonic ngokucula kukaSocrates" embhalweni wezingxoxo zangempela zikaPlato, ngokuphambene nalokho, uhlukaniswa ngokucaca, ukuzibamba, ngisho nokuqina, kanye nokungabikho kwemiphumela yangaphandle. Lokhu kuphambene ncamashi ne "Parade", naphezu kokuthi le misebenzi ihlukaniswe unyaka kuphela. Ngemva kokuqeda uSocrates, u-Satie waqala ukusebenzisa umqondo wokunikeza umculo, omelela, njengokungathi, isizinda esizwakalayo sokuphila kwansuku zonke.

USati wachitha iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe eyedwa, ehlala e-Arkay. Wahlukana nabo bonke ubuhlobo "Nesithupha" futhi wabutha iqembu elisha labaqambi, elibizwa ngokuthi "isikole se-Arkey". (Yayihlanganisa abaqambi uM. Jacob, A. Cliquet-Pleyel, A. Sauge, umbhidisi uR. Desormières). Isimiso esiyinhloko sobuhle bale nyunyana yokudala kwakuyisifiso sobuciko obusha bentando yeningi. Ukufa kukaSati kwadlula kungazelelwe. Kuphela ekupheleni 50s. kukhona ukwanda kwentshisekelo kumagugu akhe okudala, kukhona okurekhodiwe kwepiyano yakhe nezingoma zakhe.

V. Ilyeva