Giuseppe Di Stefano |

UGiuseppe Di Stefano

Leoncavallo. "I-Pagliacs". "Vesti la giubba" (Giuseppe Di Stefano)

U-Di Stefano ungowomthala omangalisayo wabahlabeleli abavela ngesikhathi sangemva kwempi futhi waba ukuziqhenya kobuciko bezwi base-Italy. U-VV Timokhin uyaphawula: “Izithombe zika-Edgar (“Lucia di Lammermoor” kaDonizetti), u-Arthur no-Elvino (“The Puritani” kanye “neLa Sonnambula” kaBellini) ezakhiwe nguDi Stefano zamenza waduma emhlabeni wonke. Lapha umculi ubonakala ehlome ngokugcwele ngekhono lakhe: i-legato yakhe emnandi ngokumangalisayo, i-legato ebushelelezi, imisho eqoshiwe ecacile kanye ne-cantilena, egcwele umuzwa ovuthayo, oculwa ngomsindo "omnyama", ocebile ngokungavamile, owugqinsi, ozwakalayo.

Izazi-mlando eziningi zobuciko bezwi zithola u-Di Stefano umculi wezwi, isibonelo endimeni ka-Edgar, indlalifa efanelekayo ye-tenor enkulu yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, u-Giovanni Battista Rubini, owakha isithombe esingalibaleki sothandekayo kaLucia ku-opera kaDonizetti.

Omunye wabagxeki ekubuyekezeni ukuqoshwa kuka "Lucia" (noCallas noDi Stefano) wabhala ngokuqondile ukuthi, nakuba igama lomdlali ongcono kakhulu wendima ka-Edgar ekhulwini elidlule manje selizungezwe udumo oludumile, ngandlela-thile okunzima ukucabanga ukuthi angakhiqiza okungaphezulu kwabalaleli umbono kunoDi Stefano kulokhu okufakiwe. Umuntu akakwazi kodwa ukuvumelana nombono wombuyekezi: U-Edgar - Di Stefano ngempela ungomunye wamakhasi aphawuleka kakhulu obuciko bezwi bezinsuku zethu. Mhlawumbe, uma umculi eshiye leli rekhodi kuphela, khona-ke igama lakhe liyoba phakathi kwabaculi abakhulu besikhathi sethu.

UGiuseppe Di Stefano wazalelwa eCatania ngoJulayi 24, 1921 emndenini wezempi. Umfana naye ekuqaleni wayezoba isikhulu, ngaleso sikhathi zazingekho izimpawu zomsebenzi wakhe wokusebenza.

Kuphela eMilan, lapho afunda khona esikoleni sokufundela ubufundisi, omunye wabangane bakhe, umthandi omkhulu wobuciko bezwi, waphikelela ukuthi uGiuseppe aphendukele kothisha abanolwazi ukuze bathole iseluleko. Ngokuncoma kwabo, le nsizwa, ishiya isikole sobufundisi, yaqala ukutadisha izingoma. Abazali basekela indodana yabo baze bathuthela eMilan.

UDi Stefano wayefunda noLuigi Montesanto lapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe II. Wabuthelwa empini, kodwa akazange afike empini. Wasizwa elinye lamaphoyisa ebelithanda kakhulu izwi lensizwa yamasosha. Futhi ekwindla ka-1943, lapho ingxenye kaDi Stefano izoya eJalimane, wabalekela eSwitzerland. Lapha umculi wanikeza amakhonsathi akhe okuqala, uhlelo oluhlanganisa i-opera Arias ethandwayo nezingoma zase-Italy.

Ngemva kokuphela kwempi, ebuyela ezweni lakubo, waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eMontesanto. Ngo-Ephreli 1946, 1947, uGiuseppe wenza i-debut yakhe njengo-de Grieux ku-opera yaseMassenet ethi Manon e-Municipal Theater of Reggio Emilia. Ekupheleni konyaka, umculi unandisa eSwitzerland, futhi ngoMashi XNUMX wenza okokuqala ngqa esiteji seLa Scala yodumo.

Ekwindla ka-1947, u-Di Stefano wahlolwa ngumqondisi we-New York Metropolitan Opera, u-Edward Johnson, owayevakashele e-Italy. Kusukela emishwaneni yokuqala eculwa ngumculi, umqondisi waqaphela ukuthi phambi kwakhe kwakukhona i-lyrical tenor, eyayingekho isikhathi eside. “Kufanele acule ku-Met, futhi nakanjani ngesizini efanayo!” UJohnson wanquma.

Ngo-February 1948, u-Di Stefano wenza i-debut yakhe ku-Metropolitan Opera njengoMbusi e-Rigoletto futhi waba umculi oyedwa wale thiyetha. Ubuciko bomculi abubonwanga kuphela izethameli, kodwa futhi nabagxeki bomculo.

Izinkathi ezinhlanu zilandelana, u-Di Stefano wacula eNew York, ikakhulukazi izingoma zezingoma ezifana neNemorino (“Love Potion”), de Grieux (“Manon” Massenet), Alfreda (“La Traviata”), Wilhelm (“Mignon” Thomas), Rinuccio (“Gianni Schicchi” by Puccini).

Umculi odumile u-Toti Dal Monte ukhumbule ukuthi akakwazanga ukuzibamba ekhala lapho elalele u-Di Stefano esiteji se-La Scala eMignon - ukudlala kwalo mculi kwakuthinta inhliziyo futhi kungokomoya.

Njengomculi we-soloist weMetropolitan, umculi wenza emazweni aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika - ngempumelelo ephelele. Iqiniso elilodwa kuphela: enkundleni yaseshashalazini yaseRio de Janeiro, okokuqala ngqa eminyakeni eminingi, umthetho wephulwa, owenqabela ama-encores ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Kusukela ngesizini ka-1952/53, u-Di Stefano ucula futhi eLa Scala, lapho enza khona ngobuhlakani izingxenye zikaRudolph no-Enzo (La Gioconda kaPonchielli). Ngesizini ka-1954/55, wenza izingxenye eziyisithupha ezimaphakathi ze-tenor, ngaleso sikhathi ezazibonisa ngokugcwele amakhono akhe kanye nemvelo yokusesha kwakhe kabusha: u-Alvaro, uTuriddu, uNemorino, uJose, uRudolf no-Alfred.

“Kuma-opera ka-Verdi nabaqambi be-verist,” kubhala u-VV Timokhin, – u-Di Stefano uvela phambi kwezithameli njengomculi onomoya ogqamile, ozwa kahle futhi edlulisa ngobuciko zonke izigigaba zedrama yengoma ye-Verdi-Verist, eheha abantu abacebile. , umsindo omkhulu, "ontantayo" ngokukhululekile, izinhlobonhlobo ezicashile zamathunzi ashukumisayo, izivuthondaba ezinamandla kanye "nokuqhuma" kwemizwa, imibala ye-timbre enothile. Lo mculi udume ngemishwana yakhe “yokubaza” egqamayo, imigqa yezwi kuma-opera ase-Verdi nama-verists, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-lava eshiswa ukushisa kwentshiseko noma ukukhanya, umoya omnandi womoya. Ngisho nasezingcaphunweni ze-opera ezaziwa kabanzi njengokuthi, “Isigcawu Emkhunjini” (“Manon Lescaut” kaPuccini), i-arias kaCalaf (“Turandot”), iculo lokugcina no-Mimi kusukela ku-“La Boheme”, “Farewell to Mother. ” (“Udumo Lwezwe”), i-arias ye-Cavaradossi evela esenzweni sokuqala nesesithathu se-“Tosca”, iciko lizuza ukusha kanye nesasasa elimangalisayo “lokuqala”, ukuvuleka kwemizwa.

Kusukela maphakathi nawo-50s, uhambo oluyimpumelelo luka-Di Stefano lokuzungeza amadolobha aseYurophu nase-USA lwaqhubeka. Ngo-1955, esiteji se-West Berlin City Opera, wabamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni i-opera kaDonizetti uLucia di Lammermoor. Kusukela ngo-1954, umculi usedlale njalo iminyaka eyisithupha eChicago Lyric Theatre.

Ngesizini ka-1955/56, uDi Stefano wabuyela esigabeni seMetropolitan Opera, lapho acula khona eCarmen, Rigoletto kanye neTosca. Umculi uvame ukwenza esiteji se-Rome Opera House.

Emzamweni wokwandisa uhla lwakhe lokudala, umculi wengeza indima ye-tenor emangalisayo ezingxenyeni zomculo. Ekuvulweni kwesizini ka-1956/57 eLa Scala, uDi Stefano wacula ingoma ethi Radamès e-Aida, kwathi ngesizini elandelayo e-Un ballo kumaschera wacula ingxenye kaRichard.

Futhi ezindimeni zohlelo olumangalisayo, umculi waba yimpumelelo enkulu nezilaleli. Ku-opera ethi "Carmen" ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50, u-Di Stefano wayelindele ukunqoba kwangempela esiteji se-Vienna State Opera. Omunye wabagxeki waze wabhala: kubonakala kungakholeki kuye ukuthi uCarmen angala kanjani uJose onomlilo, omnene, oshisekayo futhi othinta inhliziyo.

Iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, u-Di Stefano wayecula njalo e-Vienna State Opera. Isibonelo, ngo-1964 kuphela wacula lapha kuma-opera ayisikhombisa: i-Un ballo ku-maschera, uCarmen, uPagliacci, uMadama Butterfly, u-Andre Chenier, uLa Traviata no-Love Potion.

NgoJanuwari 1965, eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, uDi Stefano waphinda wacula eMetropolitan Opera. Ngemva kokudlala indawo kaHoffmann kuTales of Hoffmann ka-Offenbach, akabange esakwazi ukunqoba ubunzima bale ngxenye.

Kwalandela ngonyaka ofanayo eColon Theatre eBuenos Aires. U-Di Stefano udlale e-Tosca kuphela, kanti ukudlala kwe-Un ballo e-maschera kwadingeka kukhanselwe. Futhi nakuba, njengoba abagxeki babhala, kwezinye iziqephu izwi lomculi lalizwakala kahle kakhulu, futhi pianissimo yakhe yemilingo ku-duet kaMario noTosca kusukela esenzweni sesithathu kwavusa injabulo yabalaleli, kwacaca ukuthi iminyaka engcono kakhulu yomculi yayisemva kwakhe. .

Embukisweni Womhlaba eMontreal "EXPO-67" uchungechunge lwemidlalo ethi "Land of Smiles" kaLehár ngokubamba iqhaza kukaDi Stefano. Isicelo somculi ku-operetta sibe yimpumelelo. Umculi wabhekana kalula nengxenye yakhe. Ngo-November 1967, ku-operetta efanayo, wenza esiteji se-Vienna Theatre an der Wien. NgoMeyi 1971, uDi Stefano wacula ingxenye ka-Orpheus ku-Operetta Orpheus in Hell ka-Offenbach esiteji se-Rome Opera.

Umculi nokho ubuyele esiteji se-opera. Ekuqaleni kuka-1970 wenza ingxenye kaLoris eFedora eLiceu yaseBarcelona kanye naseRudolf eLa bohème eMunich National Theatre.

Omunye wemidlalo yokugcina kaDi Stefano yenzeka ngesizini ka-1970/71 eLa Scala. I-tenor edumile yacula ingxenye kaRudolf. Izwi lomculi, ngokusho kwabagxeki, lalizwakala kahle kulo lonke uhla, lithambile futhi linomphefumulo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi wayehluleka ukulawula izwi lakhe futhi wayebukeka ekhathele kakhulu esenzweni sokugcina.

Uqale ukudlala ngo-1946 (uReggio nel Emilia, ingxenye yeDe Grieux eManon kaMassenet). Kusukela ngo-1947 eLa Scala. Ngo-1948-65 wacula eMetropolitan Opera (waqala njengoDuke). Ngo-1950, emcimbini we-Arena di Verona, wenza ingxenye kaNadir ku-Bizet ethi The Pearl Seekers. Ngo-1954 wenza esiteji seGrand Opera njengoFaust. Ucule kuMkhosi we-Edinburgh (1957) ingxenye ye-Nemorino (I-Love Potion kaDonizetti). E-Covent Garden ngo-1961 eCavaradossi. Uzakwethu ovamile kaDi Stefano esiteji nakumarekhodi kwakunguMaria Callas. Naye, wathatha uhambo olukhulu lwekhonsathi ngo-1973. U-Di Stefano ungumculi ovelele engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. I-repertoire yakhe ebanzi yayihlanganisa izingxenye zika-Alfred, uJosé, uCanio, uCalaf, uWerther, uRudolf, uRadames, uRichard ku-Un ballo e-maschera, uLensky nabanye. Phakathi kokurekhodiwe komculi, umjikelezo wonke wama-opera aqoshwe kwa-EMI kanye noCallas uyagqama: Puritani kaBellini (Arthur), Lucia di Lammermoor (Edgar), Love Potion (Nemorino), La bohème (Rudolf), Tosca (Cavaradossi), " Troubadour” (Manrico) nabanye. Wadlala emafilimini.

E. Tsodokov