I-Marimba: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umsindo, ukusetshenziswa, indlela yokudlala

Ukuchichima komculo kwalesi sisho se-Afro-Ecuadorian okuthakazelisayo, kunomthelela wokulutha. Eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2000 XNUMX edlule, abomdabu basezwenikazi lase-Afrika basungula i-marimba besebenzisa isihlahla kanye nokhamba kuphela. Namuhla, leli thuluzi lomculo elishaywayo lisetshenziswa emculweni wesimanje, lihambisana nemisebenzi edumile, nemisindo ezingomeni zezinhlanga.

Yini marimba

Insimbi iwuhlobo lwexylophone. Kusatshalaliswe kabanzi eMelika, eMexico, e-Indonesia. Ingasetshenziswa yodwa, ivame ukusetshenziswa ku-ensemble. Ngenxa yomsindo othulile, akuvamile ukufakwa ku-orchestra. Imarimba ibekwe phansi. Umdlali udlala ngokushaya ngezinti ngenjoloba noma amathiphu asonge ngentambo.

Umehluko ku-xylophone

Zombili izinsimbi zingezomndeni wokushaywa, kodwa zinokuhluka kwesakhiwo. Ixylophone iqukethe amabha anobude obuhlukene ahlelwe umugqa owodwa. I-marimba inama-lattice afana nepiyano, ngakho-ke ububanzi kanye ne-timbre kubanzi.

Umehluko phakathi kwexylophone ne-idiophone yase-Afrika usebudeni bama-resonators. Umsebenzi wabo phambilini wenziwa ngamathanga omisiwe. Namuhla amashubhu ahlabayo enziwe ngensimbi nangokhuni. Ixylophone mfishane. I-spectrum yomsindo we-marimba isuka kuma-octave amathathu kuya kwamahlanu, ixylophone ikhiqiza umsindo wamanothi phakathi kwama-octave amabili kuya kwamane.

Idivayisi yethuluzi

I-Marimba iqukethe ifremu lapho uhlaka lwamabhulokhi okhuni lukhona. I-Rosewood isetshenziswa ngokwesiko. I-Acousticist kanye nomenzi wezinsimbi u-John C. Deegan wake wafakazela ukuthi ukhuni lwesihlahla saseHonduran luyi-conductor engcono kakhulu yomsindo. Amabha ahlelwe njengokhiye bepiyano. Zimisiwe futhi. Ngaphansi kwawo kukhona ama-resonators. U-Deegan washintsha ama-resonator enziwe ngokhuni wafaka awensimbi.

Abashayi basetshenziselwa ukudlala imarimba. Amathiphu abo aboshwe ngentambo kakotini noma yewuli.

I-spectrum yomsindo incike ekukhethweni okufanele kwezishayayo. Ingafana nexylophone, ibukhali, icofe noma idonse isitho.

Umlando wesenzeko

Umdwebi u-Manuel Paz ubonise insimbi yomculo efana ne-marimba komunye wemidwebo yakhe. Eseyili, oyedwa wayedlala, omunye elalele umculo. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi kakade emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka edlule i-idiophone yase-Afrika yayidumile eNyakatho Melika.

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi umlando wokuvela kwayo wawungaphambi kwalokho. Yayidlalwa ngabamele isizwe sakwaMandigo, besebenzisa ukushaywa kwezinkuni ngokuzijabulisa, amasiko, ngesikhathi sokungcwatshwa kwezizwe zakubo. ENyakatho yeTransvaal, abantu baseBantu beza nombono wokubeka amabhulokhi okhuni ku-arc, futhi ngaphansi kwawo balenga amashubhu okhuni ngendlela "amasoseji".

ENingizimu Afrika, kunenganekwane ethi unkulunkulukazi uMarimba azijabulisa ngayo ngokudlala insimbi emangalisayo. Walengisa izingodo, wabeka amathanga omisiwe ngaphansi kwazo. Abantu base-Afrika bayithatha njengethuluzi labo lendabuko. Esikhathini esidlule, izakhamuzi zezwekazi zazijatshuliswa ama-marimbiero azulazulayo. I-Ecuador inomdanso kazwelonke onegama elifanayo. Kukholakala ukuthi ngesikhathi sokudansa, abadlali babonisa uthando lwenkululeko kanye nokuvela kwabantu.

Ukusebenzisa

Ngemva kokuhlolwa kuka-John C. Deegan, amathuba omculo we-marimba anda. Insimbi yangena ekukhiqizeni okuningi, yaqala ukusetshenziswa ngama-ensembles, ama-orchestra. Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, weza eJapane. Izakhamuzi zaseZweni laseKuphakameni zakhangwa umsindo womsindo ongajwayelekile. Bekunezikole zokufunda ukudlala kuyona.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, i-marimba yayigxilile esikweni lomculo laseYurophu. Namuhla kukhona ama-specimens ahlukile anebanga lomsindo elingafika kuma-octave ayisithupha. Abadlali basebenzisa izinti ezihlukahlukene ukuze banwebe, baguqule, futhi benze umsindo ucace kakhudlwana.

Izingoma zomculo zibhalelwe imarimba. Abaqambi u-Olivier Messiaen, uKaren Tanaka, uSteve Reich, u-Andrey Doinikov bayisebenzise ezingomeni zabo. Babonisa ukuthi insimbi yomculo yase-Afrika ingazwakala kanjani ihlangene ne-bassoon, i-violin, i-cello, upiyano.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi abantu abaningi bafaka amaringithoni aqoshwe kumarimba emafonini abo, bengasoli nokuthi hlobo luni lwensimbi ezwakalayo ngesikhathi socingo. Ungakuzwa ezingomeni ze-ABBA, Qween, Rolling Stones.

Dlala indlela

Phakathi kwezinye izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo, i-marimba ibhekwa njengezinzima kakhulu ukuzazi. Ingadlalwa umuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu. Umculi akumele azi nje kuphela ukwakheka nesakhiwo se-idiophone, kodwa futhi ngobuhlakani izinti ezine ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ubabambe ngezandla zombili, babambe ababili ngamunye. Izishayi zingabekwa entendeni yesandla sakho, ziphambana. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi "i-crossover". Noma ubanjwe phakathi kweminwe - indlela ye-Messer.

Abadlali abadumile

Ngama-70s L.Kh. UStevens ube negalelo elikhulu ekuguquleni marimba emculweni wezemfundo. Wenza imisebenzi eminingi, wabhala izindlela zokudlala insimbi. Abaculi abadumile bahlanganisa umqambi waseJapan uKeiko Abe. Ku-marimba, wenza umculo we-classical nowesintu, wahamba emhlabeni wonke, futhi wabamba iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngo-2016 wanikeza ikhonsathi ehholo Mariinsky Theatre. Abanye abaculi abacula ngale nsimbi kubalwa uRobert Van Size, uMartin Grubinger, uBogdan Bocanu, uGordon Stout.

I-Marimbu ingeyokuqala, umsindo wayo uyakwazi ukuthakazelisa, futhi ukunyakaza kwabashayayo kudala umuzwa ofana nokuluthwa. Njengoba sekudlule amakhulu eminyaka, i-idiophone yase-Afrika izuze impumelelo enkulu emculweni wezemfundo, isetshenziselwa ukwenza izingoma zesiLatini, i-jazz, i-pop ne-rock.