Umlando we-baritone

IBaritone – insimbi yomculo enezintambo ekhotheme yekilasi le-viol. Umehluko omkhulu kwezinye izinsimbi zalesi sigaba ukuthi i-baritone inezintambo ze-bourdon ezizwelayo. Inombolo yabo ingahluka - kusukela ku-9 kuya ku-24. Lezi zintambo zifakwe ngaphansi kwe-fretboard, njengokungathi zisesikhaleni. Lokhu kubekwa kusiza ukwandisa umsindo wezintambo eziyinhloko ngenkathi uzidlala ngomnsalo. Ungakwazi futhi ukudlala imisindo ngesithupha sakho se-pizzicato. Ngeshwa, umlando awukhumbuli okuncane ngaleli thuluzi.

Kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, yayidumile eYurophu. Inkosana yaseHungary u-Esterházy yayithanda ukudlala i-baritone; abaqambi abadumile uJoseph Haydn noLuigi Tomasini bambhalela umculo. Njengomthetho, izingoma zabo zabhalwa ukudlala izinsimbi ezintathu: i-baritone, i-cello ne-viola.

U-Tomasini wayengumculi we-violin kanye nomholi we-ochestra ye-chamber ka-Prince Estrehazy. Imisebenzi kaJoseph Haydn, naye owayesebenza ngaphansi kwenkontileka enkantolo yomndeni wakwa-Esterhazy, yayihlanganisa ukuqamba izingcezu zabaculi basenkantolo. Ekuqaleni, uHaydn waze wathola ukusolwa yisikhulu ngokunganikeli isikhathi esiningi ekubhaleni izingoma zensimbi entsha, ngemva kwalokho umqambi waqala ukusebenza ngenkuthalo. Njengomthetho, yonke imisebenzi kaHaydn yayinezingxenye ezintathu. Ingxenye yokuqala yadlalwa ngesigqi esinensayo, elandelayo ngokusheshisa, noma isigqi sashintshwa, indima eyinhloko yomsindo yawela ku-baritone. Kukholakala ukuthi inkosana ngokwayo yenza umculo we-baritone, uHaydn wadlala i-viola, futhi umculi wasenkantolo wadlala i-cello. Umsindo walezi zinsimbi ezintathu wawungavamile emculweni wegumbi. Kuyamangaza ukuthi izintambo zomnsalo ze-baritone zazixhunywe kanjani ne-viola kanye ne-cello, futhi izintambo ezihlutshiwe zizwakala njengokuphambene kuzo zonke izinto. Kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, eminye imisindo yahlanganiswa, futhi kwakunzima ukuhlukanisa insimbi ngayinye kulawa amathathu. UHaydn waklama zonke izingoma zakhe ngendlela yezincwadi ezi-5, leli fa laba yimpahla yesikhulu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isitayela sokudlala izinsimbi ezintathu sashintsha. Isizathu ukuthi inkosana yakhula ekhonweni layo lokudlala insimbi yomculo. Ekuqaleni, zonke izingoma zazikukhiye olula, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okhiye bashintsha. Ngokumangalisayo, ekupheleni kokubhala kukaHaydn ivolumu yesithathu, u-Esterhazy wayesekwazi ukudlala kokubili umnsalo kanye ne-pluck, ngesikhathi sokudlala washintsha ngokushesha esuka kwenye indlela eya kwenye. Kodwa ngokushesha inkosana yaba nesithakazelo ohlotsheni olusha lokusungula. Ngenxa yobunzima bokudlala i-baritone kanye nokuphazamiseka okuhlobene nokulungisa inani elikhulu lezintambo, baqala ukukhohlwa ngaye kancane kancane. Ukusebenza kokugcina nge-baritone kwaba ngo-1775. Ikhophi yensimbi isekhona enqabeni ye-Prince Estrehazy e-Eisenstadt.

Abanye abagxeki bakholelwa ukuthi zonke izingoma ezibhalelwe i-baritone zifana kakhulu komunye nomunye, abanye bathi uHaydn wabhala umculo wale nsimbi ngaphandle kokulindela ukuthi wenziwe ngaphandle kwesigodlo.