Umlando wenkinobho ye-accordion

Bonke abantu emhlabeni banamathuluzi abo esizwe. KwabaseRussia, inkinobho ye-accordion ingabhekwa njengethuluzi elinjalo. Wathola ukusatshalaliswa okukhethekile emaphandleni aseRussia, lapho, mhlawumbe, hhayi umcimbi owodwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umshado, noma yimiphi imikhosi yabantu, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwayo.

Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi ukhokho we-accordion yenkinobho ethandekayo, yaba insimbi yomculo yasempumalanga "sheng". Isisekelo sokukhipha umsindo, njengoba ku-accordion yenkinobho, kwakuyisimiso somhlanga. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2000-3000 edlule yavela futhi yaqala ukusabalala eChina, eBurma, eLaos naseTibet. USheng wayengumzimba onamashubhu oqalo ezinhlangothini, ngaphakathi kwawo kukhona izilimi zethusi. ERussia Yasendulo, i-sheng yavela kanye nokuhlasela kwamaTatar-Mongol. Kusukela lapha yaqala ukusabalala kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

Amakhosi amaningi abe nesandla ekudaleni inkinobho ye-accordion ngendlela esijwayele ukuyibona ngayo ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Ngo-1787, inkosi yaseCzech Republic F. Kirchner yanquma ukudala insimbi yomculo, lapho umsindo uzovela khona ngenxa yokudlidliza kwepuleti yensimbi kukholomu yomoya, eyaphonswa ngekamelo elikhethekile loboya. U-Kirchner waze waklama amamodeli okuqala ensimbi yakhe. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, uF. Bushman waseJalimane wenza indlela yokulungisa izitho ayezisebenzela. Engxenyeni yesi-2 yekhulu le-19 e-Vienna, i-Austrian enezimpande zase-Armenia u-K. Demian, ethatha ukusungulwa kukaBushman njengesisekelo futhi wayilungisa, yakhiqiza i-prototype yokuqala ye-accordion yenkinobho. Ithuluzi lika-Demian lifaka phakathi amakhibhodi azimele angu-2 ane-bellows phakathi kwawo. Okhiye bekhibhodi engakwesokudla bekungowokudlala umculo, okhiye bekhibhodi yesokunxele bekungezebhesi. Izinsimbi zomculo ezifanayo (harmonics) zalethwa eMbusweni WaseRussia engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-19, lapho zathola khona ukuthandwa okukhulu nokusabalalisa. Ezweni lethu, ama-workshops aqala ukudalwa ngokushesha, ngisho nezimboni zonke zokukhiqiza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-harmonicas.

Ngo-1830, esifundazweni saseTula, kwelinye lama-fairs, u-master gunsmith I. Sizov wathenga insimbi yomculo yangaphandle yangaphandle - i-harmonica. Umqondo waseRussia othanda ukwazi awukwazanga ukumelana nokuhlakaza insimbi nokubona ukuthi usebenza kanjani. Ebona umklamo olula kakhulu, u-I. Sizov wanquma ukuhlanganisa inguqulo yakhe yensimbi yomculo, eyayibizwa ngokuthi "i-accordion".

Umdlali we-accordion we-Tula we-amateur N. Beloborodov wanquma ukudala insimbi yakhe enenani elikhulu lamathuba omculo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-accordion. Iphupho lakhe lagcwaliseka ngo-1871, lapho yena, kanye no-master P. Chulkov, baklama i-accordion enemigqa emibili. I-accordion yaba yimigqa emithathu ngo-1891, ngenxa yenkosi yaseJalimane uG. Mirwald. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-6, u-P. Chulkov wethula ithuluzi lakhe emphakathini nabaculi, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola ama-chords esenziwe ngomumo ngokucindezela okukodwa kokhiye. Ishintsha njalo futhi ithuthuka, i-accordion kancane kancane yaba i-accordion. Ngo-1907, umculi womculo u-Orlansky-Titorenko wenza i-oda ku-master P. Sterligov ekwenzeni insimbi yomculo enemigqa emine eyinkimbinkimbi. Ithuluzi laqanjwa ngokuthi "inkinobho ye-accordion" ukuhlonipha umxoxi wezinganekwane zasendulo zaseRussia. I-Bayan ithuthuke ngemva kweminyaka emi-2. U-P. Sterligov udala ithuluzi elinesistimu yokukhetha etholakala kukhibhodi yesokunxele.

Ezweni lanamuhla, inkinobho ye-accordion isiphenduke insimbi yomculo yendawo yonke. Lapho edlala kuyo, umculi angakwazi ukucula zombili izingoma zesintu nemisebenzi yomculo yakudala elotshwe kuye.