Umlando wamalutha

iluthi – insimbi yomculo enezintambo ezihlwithwayo enezimbobo entanyeni nomzimba omise okwepheya.

Umlando wesenzeko

Ilute ingenye yezinsimbi zomculo zasendulo, usuku oluqondile nendawo ebukeka ngayo okungaziwa ngokuqinisekile. Umdwebo wokuqala esibhebheni sobumba, ocishe ufane nelute, uhlelelwe maphakathi nenkulungwane yesibili BC. Imivubukulo ifakazela ukusetshenziswa kwaleli thuluzi eBulgaria, eGibhithe, eGrisi naseRoma.

Ngenxa yamaBulgaria, i-lute enentamo emfushane yaduma emazweni aseBalkan. Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX yanda emazweni ase-Asia, ikakhulukazi ePheresiya naseByzantium, kwathi ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX yalethwa amaMoors eSpain. Ngokushesha leli thuluzi liyaduma yonke indawo. Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX-XNUMX yadlalwa e-Italy, ePortugal naseJalimane.

ukubukeka

Njengoba insimbi isakazeka, ukubukeka nendlela yokuyidlala kwashintsha, kodwa izici ezivamile zahlala. Ukhuni lusetshenziswa ukwenza ilute. Ibhodi lomsindo limise okweqanda, elenziwe ngokhuni oluncane, ngokuvamile oluyisihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi, linerosette ewubukhazikhazi eyodwa noma kathathu kunembobo yomsindo. Umzimba wenziwe ngokhuni oluqinile: i-cherry, i-maple, i-rosewood. Ekwenziweni kwentamo ye-lute, kusetshenziswa isihlahla esilula. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwelute nezinye izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo ukuthi intamo ayilengi phezu kwebhodi lomsindo, kodwa ibekwe ezingeni elifanayo nalo.

Khuphuka ekudumeni kwelute

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, insimbi yayinezintambo ezibhanqiwe ezi-4 noma ezi-5. Bekudlalwa ngeplectrum. Ubukhulu bebuhluke kakhulu. Abaculi basebenzisa i-lute ukuze bahambisane nayo, eyayithuthukisiwe kakhulu. Isikhathi sishiye uphawu lwaso enanini lezintambo. Ekupheleni kweRenaissance, kwakukhona izintambo eziyishumi ezibhanqiwe, futhi abaculi be-baroque base bedlala kakade ngeshumi nane. Kwakukhona izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye.

Ikhulu lesi-XNUMX laba yigolide ku-lute. Isiphenduke enye yezinsimbi zomculo ezisakazeke kakhulu eYurophu. Emidwebeni eminingi yangaleso sikhathi, abadwebi babeveza abantu bedlala izinsimbi. Indlela yokudlala nayo isishintshile. Njengomthetho, kwakusetshenziselwa umlamuleli kanye neminwe ukuyidlala.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ngemuva kokushiywa kwe-plait, isibalo sabadlali be-lute sanda. Zingaphezu kuka-400 izingcezu ezibhalwe e-Europe zaleli thuluzi lomculo. Umnikelo obaluleke kakhulu wenziwa nguFrancesco Spinacino. Ukukhuphuka kwamathuba okuvezayo, ngenxa yemisebenzi kaJohn Dowland.

Ngezikhathi ezihlukene, abaqambi abanjengo-Antonio Vivaldi, uJohann Sebastian Bach, uVincento Capirola, uKarl Kohout nabanye abaningi babhala izingoma zabo zelute. Abaqambi besimanje - uVladimir Vavilov, uToekiko Sato, uMaxim Zvonarev, uDavid Nepomuk, nabo baziwa ngemisebenzi yabo.

Indawo yelute ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX

Ngekhulu lesi-1970, ilute yacishe yalibaleka. Zimbalwa kuphela izinhlobo zayo ezisele eJalimane, e-Ukraine nasemazweni aseNhlonhlweni yaseScandinavia. Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, abaculi abambalwa baseNgilandi banquma ukubuyisela ukuduma okulahlekile kwe-lute. I-lutenist yaseBrithani kanye nesazi somculo u-Arnold Dolmech waphumelela kakhulu kulokhu. Kakade kusukela ngo-XNUMX, abadlali ababodwa namaqembu omculo baqala ukuhlanganisa ukudlala i-lute ohlelweni lwabo lwekhonsathi. U-Lucas Harris, u-Istvan Shabo, u-Wendy Gillepsy basebenzisa izincwadi zeNkathi Ephakathi kanye ne-Baroque.