Vibrato, vibration |

I-VIBRATO, ukudlidliza (i-Italian vibrato, i-Latin vibration - vibration).

1) Ukwamukelwa kokusebenza ezintanjeni. izinsimbi (ngentamo); ukudlidliza okufanayo komunwe wesandla sobunxele entanjeni ecindezelwe yikho, okwenza kube nezikhathi ezithile. shintsha phakathi kwemikhawulo emincane yephimbo, ivolumu kanye ne-timbre yomsindo. I-V. inikeza imisindo umbala okhethekile, ubumnandi, ikhulisa ukuvezwa kwayo, kanye namandla, ikakhulukazi ezimeni zokuhlushwa okuphezulu. izakhiwo. Ubunjalo be-V. nezindlela zokusetshenziswa kunqunywa umuntu ngamunye. isitayela sokuhumusha kanye nobuciko. isimo somdlali. Inombolo evamile yokudlidliza kwe-V. cishe. 6 ngomzuzwana. Ngenombolo encane yokudlidliza, ukunyakaza noma ukuthuthumela komsindo kuzwakala, okukhiqiza anti-art. umbono. Igama elithi "V". yavela ngekhulu le-19, kodwa abadlali be-lutenists nabadlali be-gambo basebenzisa le nqubo ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 nele-17. Encwadini ye-methodical Izincwadi zangaleso sikhathi zinikeza izincazelo zezindlela ezimbili zokudlala i-V.: ngomunwe owodwa (njengokusebenza kwesimanje) kanye nemibili, lapho omunye ecindezela intambo, kanti omunye uyithinta ngokushesha futhi kalula. Amagama asendulo. indlela yokuqala - isiFulentshi. verre cassé, engl. sting (for lute), fr. langueur, plainte (for viola da gamba); eyesibili isiFulentshi. ukushaya, i-pincé, i-flat-tement, kamuva - flatté, ibhalansi, ukuthuthumela, ukuthuthumela serré; English close shake; ital. i-tremolo, i-ondeggiamento; Phezu kwakhe. ulimi igama lazo zonke izinhlobo ze-V. - Bebung. Kusukela kwehla ubuciko be-solo lute ne-viola da gamba. Isicelo sika-V sixhunywe ngu-hl. ar. ngezinsimbi zokudlala zomndeni we-violin. Okunye okukhulunywa ngakho okokuqala nge-violinist. V. iqukethwe ku-“Universal Harmony” (“Harmonie universele …”, 1636) ka-M. Mersenne. Isikole sakudala se-violin esidlala ngekhulu le-18. kubhekwa u-V kuphela njengohlobo lobucwebe futhi bathi le nqubo yenziwa imihlobiso. J. Tartini encwadini yakhe ethi Treatise on Ornamentation (Trattato delle appogiatura, ca. 1723, ed. 1782) ubiza u-V. “tremolo” futhi ukubheka njengohlobo lwalokho okubizwa. imikhuba yomdlalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo, kanye neminye imihlobiso (i-trill, inothi lomusa, njll.), kwakuvunyelwe ezimeni “lapho uthando ludinga khona.” Ngokusho kukaTartini noL. Mozart ("Okuhlangenwe nakho Kwesikole Se-Violin Esiqinile" - "Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule", 1756), B. kungenzeka ku-cantilena, ngemisindo emide, eqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi "emishwana yokugcina yomculo". Ngezwi le-mezza - ukulingisa izwi lomuntu - V., ngokuphambene nalokho, "akumele kusetshenziswe." V. ihluke ngokufanayo inenensa, ishesha ngokufanayo futhi ishesha kancane kancane, eboniswa ngokulandelana kwemigqa yamagagasi ngenhla kwamanothi:

Esikhathini se-romanticism, u-V. kusukela "komhlobiso" uphenduka indlela yomculo. ukuzwakalisa, kuba esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zamakhono okwenza i-violinist. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwevayolini, okwaqalwa u-N. Paganini, ngokwemvelo kwalandelwa ekuchazeni imibala kwevayolini yi-Romantics. Ngekhulu le-19, ngokukhululwa kokusebenza komculo esiteji se-conc enkulu. ihholo, V. ifakwe ngokuqinile ekusebenzeni komdlalo. Naphezu kwalokhu, ngisho no-L. Spohr ku-"Violin School" yakhe ("Violinschule", 1831) ikuvumela ukuba wenze i-V. ingxenye kuphela. imisindo, i-to-rye uyimaka ngomugqa wamagagasi. Kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezishiwo ngenhla, i-Spohr iphinde yasebenzisa ukwehlisa ijubane le-V.

Ukwandiswa okwengeziwe kokusetshenziswa kwe-V. kuhlotshaniswa nokusebenza kuka-E. Isai futhi, ikakhulukazi, u-F. Kreisler. Lwela ukuthola imizwa. ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala namandla okusebenza, kanye nokusebenzisa i-V. njengendlela "yokucula", u-Kreisler wethula ukudlidliza lapho edlala amaphasishi asheshayo kanye ne-detach stroke (eyayinqatshelwe izikole zasendulo).

Lokhu kube nomthelela ekunqobeni "i-etude", ukoma komsindo wamavesi anjalo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-violin V. dec. izinhlobo nobuciko bakhe. izicelo zanikezwa u-K. Flesh emsebenzini wakhe othi “Ubuciko Bokudlala Ivayolin” (“Die Kunst des Violinspiels”, Bd 1-2, 1923-28).

2) Indlela yokwenza ku-clavichord, eyayisetshenziswa kakhulu nguye. abadlali bekhulu le-18; "umhlobiso" ocacile, ofana no-V. futhi ubizwa nangokuthi i-Bebung.

Ngosizo lokunyakaza okuqondile kwe-oscillatory komunwe kukhiye owehlisiwe, ngenxa yokuthi i-tangent yahlala ixhumene njalo nentambo, umphumela wokuguquguquka kwephimbo namandla omsindo wadalwa. Bekudingeka ukusebenzisa le ndlela emisindweni eqhubekayo, ethintekile (FE Bach, 1753) futhi, ikakhulukazi, emidlalweni yomlingiswa odabukisayo, odabukisayo (DG Türk, 1786). Amanothi athi:

3) Ukwamukela ukusebenza kwezinye izinsimbi zomoya; ukuvulwa kancane nokuvalwa kwama-valve, kuhlanganiswe nokushintsha komfutho wokukhipha umoya, kudala umphumela we-V. Sewusabalele phakathi kwabadlali be-jazz.

4) Ekuculeni - uhlobo olukhethekile lokudlidliza kwezintambo zezwi zomculi. Ngokusekelwe ku-wok yemvelo. V. ilele ngokungalingani (hhayi ukuvumelanisa okuphelele) kwezintambo zezwi. “Amabhithi” avela ngenxa yalokhu abangela ukuthi izwi linyakaze ngezikhathi ezithile, “lidlidlizele”. Izinga lezwi lomculi—izwi lakhe, imfudumalo, nokuveza okuthile—ngokwezinga elikhulu kuncike endaweni ka-V. idlulela kulokho okuthiwa. ukuthuthumela (ukushwiba) kwezwi, okulenza lizwakale lingajabulisi. Ukuthuthumela kungase futhi kube umphumela wok omubi. izikole.

References: I-Kazansky VS kanye ne-Rzhevsky SN, Ucwaningo lwe-timbre yomsindo wezwi nezinsimbi zomculo ezigobile, "Journal of Applied Physics", 1928, vol. 5, isiqephu 1; I-Rabinovich AV, indlela ye-Oscillographic yokuhlaziywa komculo, M., 1932; I-Struve BA, Vibration njengekhono lokudlala lokudlala izinsimbi ezikhotheme, L., 1933; I-Garbuzov HA, Indawo yemvelo yokuzwa kwe-pitch, M. - L., 1948; I-Agarkov OM, Vibrato njengendlela yokubonisa umculo ekudlaleni i-violin, M., 1956; I-Pars Yu., i-Vibrato kanye ne-pitch perception, ku: Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zocwaningo lwe-acoustic ku-musicology, M., 1964; UMirsenne M., Harmonie universelle…, v. 1-2, P., 1636, facsimile, v. 1-3, P., 1963; Rau F., Das Vibrato auf der Violine…, Lpz., 1922; Seashore, SE, The vibrato, Iowa, 1932 (University of Iowa. Studies in the psychology of music, v. 1); wakhe, I-Psychology ye-vibrato ngezwi nensimbi, i-Iowa, i-1936 (uchungechunge olufanayo, v. 3).

I-IM Yampolsky