Izingoma zeziboshwa zezombangazwe: ukusuka eVarshavyanka kuya e-Kolyma

Abavukeli, "iziboshwa zikanembeza", abaphikisayo, "izitha zabantu" - iziboshwa zezombangazwe zibizwe ngendlela efanayo emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Nokho, ingabe konke kumayelana negama? Phela, umuntu ocabangayo, ocabangelayo cishe uyobe engathandwa yinoma yimuphi uhulumeni, noma yimuphi umbuso. Njengoba u-Alexander Solzhenitsyn aphawula ngokufanelekile, “iziphathimandla azibesabi labo abamelene nazo, kodwa labo abaphezu kwazo.”

Iziphathimandla zingabhekana nabaphikisi ngokwesimiso sokwesaba ngokuphelele - "ihlathi liyagawulwa, ama-chips ayandiza", noma benza ngokukhetha, bezama "ukuhlukanisa, kodwa ukulondoloza." Futhi indlela ekhethiwe yokuzihlukanisa iwukuboshwa noma ikamu. Kwakukhona isikhathi lapho abantu abaningi abathakazelisayo babuthana emakamu nasezindaweni. Bekukhona nezimbongi nabaculi phakathi kwabo. Zaqala kanjalo-ke ukuzalwa izingoma zeziboshwa zezombangazwe.

Futhi akunandaba ukuthi kusuka ePoland…

Omunye wobuciko bokuqala boguquko bomsuka wejele udumile "Warshavyanka". Igama alikho ngengozi – ngempela, amagama oqobo engoma adabuka e-Polish futhi ngezikaVaclav Svenicki. Naye, wayethembele ku-"March of the Zouave" (okuthiwa amasosha aseFrance alwa e-Algeria).

Varshavyanka

Umbhalo uhunyushelwe olimini lwesi-Russian “ngochwepheshe benguquko” kanye neqabane lika-Lenin, u-Gleb Krzhizhanovsky. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi esejele laseButyrka, ngo-1897. Eminyakeni eyisithupha kamuva, umbhalo wanyatheliswa. Ingoma, njengokusho kwabo, yaya kubantu: yabiza ukulwa, emigoqweni. Kwaculwa ngenjabulo kwaze kwaphela impi yombango.

Ukusuka ejele kuya enkululekweni yaphakade

Umbuso wama-tsarist waphatha abaguquli ngokukhululekile: ukudingiselwa ukuhlala eSiberia, izigwebo ezimfushane zasejele, kwakungavamile ukulengiswa noma kudutshulwe noma ubani ngaphandle kwamalungu kaNarodnaya Volya namaphekula. Lapho, phela, iziboshwa zezombangazwe zishona noma zibona amaqabane azo awile ohambweni lwazo lokugcina olulusizi, zacula imashi yomngcwabo. “Ube yisisulu emzabalazweni obulalayo”. Umbhali wombhalo ngu-Anton Amosov, owanyathelisa ngaphansi kwegama-mbumbulu elithi Arkady Arkhangelsky. Isisekelo somculo sibekwe inkondlo yembongi eyimpumputhe yekhulu le-19, owayephila ngesikhathi sikaPushkin, u-Ivan Kozlov, "Isigubhu asizange sishaye ngaphambi kwebutho elikhathazekile ...". Yayiculwa ngumqambi u-A. Varlamov.

Ube yisisulu emzabalazweni obulalayo

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi elinye lala mavesi libhekisela endabeni yeBhayibheli yenkosi uBelishasari, ongazange alalele isibikezelo esesabekayo esiyimfihlakalo ngokufa kwayo kanye nalo lonke iBabiloni. Kodwa-ke, lesi sikhumbuzo asizange sikhathaze muntu - phela, ngokuqhubekayo embhalweni wengoma yeziboshwa zezombangazwe kwakukhona isikhumbuzo esesabekayo kubashiqela banamuhla ukuthi ubugovu babo buzowa ngokushesha noma kamuva, futhi abantu babeyoba "bakhulu, banamandla, bakhululekile. .” Leli culo lalidume kakhulu kangangokuthi iminyaka eyishumi nengxenye, kusukela ngo-1919 kuya ku-1932. ingoma yalo yayiculwa ngokuzwakalayo kweSpasskaya Tower yaseMoscow Kremlin lapho kufika phakathi kwamabili.

Leli culo laduma naphakathi kweziboshwa zezombusazwe “Wahlukunyezwa ngokugqilazwa kanzima” – ukukhalela umlingani owile. Isizathu sokudalwa kwayo kwakuwumngcwabo womfundi uPavel Chernyshev, owabulawa isifo sofuba ejele, okwaholela embukisweni omkhulu. Umbhali wezinkondlo uthathwa njengo-GA Machtet, nakuba ubunikazi bakhe bungakaze bubhalwe phansi - kwakucatshangwa nje ukuthi kungenzeka. Kunenganekwane yokuthi le ngoma yaculwa ngaphambi kokubulawa yi-Young Guard eKrasnodon ebusika buka-1942.

Uhlukunyezwe ubugqila obunzima

Lapho kungekho okuzolahleka...

Izingoma zeziboshwa zezombusazwe zesikhathi se-Stalinist esisekupheleni, okokuqala, "Ngikhumbula leya port Vanino" и “Ngaphesheya kweTundra”. Ichweba laseVanino lalisogwini loLwandlekazi iPacific. Isebenze njengendawo yokudlulisa; izitimela ezineziboshwa zazilethwa lapha futhi zilayishwe kabusha emikhunjini. Futhi-ke - iMagadan, iKolyma, iDalstroy neSevvostlag. Uma sibheka ukuthi ichweba leVanino laqala ukusebenza ehlobo lika-1945, ingoma yabhalwa ngaphambi kwalolu suku.

Ngikhumbula lelo chweba laseVanino

Noma ubani oqanjwe njengababhali bombhalo - izimbongi ezidumile u-Boris Ruchev, u-Boris Kornilov, u-Nikolai Zabolotsky, futhi ongaziwa emphakathini jikelele uFyodor Demin-Blagoveshchensky, uKonstantin Sarakhanov, uGrigory Alexandrov. Cishe ubunikazi bokugcina - kukhona i-autograph evela ku-1951. Yiqiniso, ingoma yahlukana nomlobi, yaba yindabuko futhi yathola ukuhlukahluka okuningi kombhalo. Yebo, umbhalo awuhlangene nakancane namasela akudala; phambi kwethu kukhona izinkondlo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Mayelana neculo elithi “Train Vorkuta-Leningrad” (elinye igama elithi “Ngaphesheya kweTundra”), ingoma yalo ikhumbuza kakhulu ingoma yasegcekeni ekhala izinyembezi, yothando ethi “Indodakazi Yomshushisi”. I-copyright isanda kufakazelwa futhi yabhaliswa nguGrigory Shurmak. Ukweqa emakamu kwakungavamile kakhulu - ababaleki babengakwazi ukuzibamba kodwa baqonde ukuthi babezokufa noma babulawe sekwephuzile. Futhi, noma kunjalo, leli culo libongela isifiso saphakade seziboshwa senkululeko futhi ligcwele inzondo yonogada. Umqondisi u-Eldar Ryazanov wabeka le ngoma emlonyeni wamaqhawe efilimu ethi "Izulu Elithenjisiwe". Ngakho izingoma zeziboshwa zezombangazwe zisaqhubeka zikhona nanamuhla.

Nge-tundra, ngesitimela…