Izikhawu ezikhulayo nezinciphile: zingakhiwa kanjani?
Okuqukethwe
Uyazi ukuthi izikhawu zihlanzekile, zincane futhi zinkulu, kodwa zingaphinde zengezwe futhi zehliswe, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho - ziphindwe kabili futhi ziphindwe kabili. Kodwa kanjani ukuthola izikhawu ezinjalo, kanjani ukwakha futhi ukuchaza kubo? Yilokhu esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla.
Izihloko ezibalulekile ezedlule:
ZIYINI IZIKHATHI FUTHI ZINJANI - FUNDA LAPHA
INANI ELIMLINGANISO KANYE NELINGANISO LESIKHATHI – FUNDA LAPHA
Yiziphi izikhawu ezinwetshiwe nezincishisiwe?
Izikhawu ezinwetshiwe zitholwa ngokungeza i-semitone esikhaleni esimsulwa noma esikhulu, okungukuthi, uma inani lekhwalithi lishintshwa kancane. Ungangeza zonke izikhawu - ukusuka ku-prima kuye kuma-octave. Indlela efingqiwe yokubeka izikhawu ezinjalo ithi “uv”.
Ake siqhathanise etafuleni elilandelayo inani lamathoni nama-semitones ngezikhathi ezivamile, okungukuthi, ezihlanzekile nezinkulu, futhi ezikhulisiwe.
Ithebula – Inani lekhwalithi yezikhawu ezihlanzekile, ezinkulu nezikhulisiwe
| isikhawu sangempela | Mangakhi amathoni | Isikhawu esikhulisiwe | Mangakhi amathoni |
| okuyingxenye 1 | Into ye-0 | uv.1 | Into ye-0,5 |
| p.2 | Into ye-1 | uv.2 | Into ye-1,5 |
| p.3 | Into ye-2 | uv.3 | Into ye-2,5 |
| okuyingxenye 4 | Into ye-2,5 | uv.4 | Into ye-3 |
| okuyingxenye 5 | Into ye-3,5 | uv.5 | Into ye-4 |
| p.6 | Into ye-4,5 | uv.6 | Into ye-5 |
| p.7 | Into ye-5,5 | uv.7 | Into ye-6 |
| okuyingxenye 8 | Into ye-6 | uv.8 | Into ye-6,5 |
Izikhawu ezincishisiwe, ngokuphambene nalokho, ziphakama lapho izikhawu ezihlanzekile nezincane zincishiswa, okungukuthi, lapho inani lazo lekhwalithi lehla ngethoni yesigamu. Nciphisa noma yisiphi isikhawu, ngaphandle kwe-prima emsulwa. Iqiniso liwukuthi ekuqaleni kukhona amathoni angu-zero, ongeke ukwazi ukususa noma yini enye. Izikhawu ezincishisiwe ezifushanisiwe zibhalwa ngokuthi "ingqondo".
Ukuze kube nokucaciswa okwengeziwe, sizophinde sakhe ithebula elinamanani yenani lekhwalithi yezikhawu ezikhuphukile kanye nama-prototypes azo: okumsulwa nezincane.
Ithebula – Inani lekhwalithi yezikhawu ezimsulwa, ezincane nezincishisiwe
| isikhawu sangempela | Mangakhi amathoni | Isikhawu esincishisiwe | Mangakhi amathoni |
| okuyingxenye 1 | Into ye-0 | cha | cha |
| m. 2 | Into ye-0,5 | okungenani 2 | Into ye-0 |
| m. 3 | Into ye-1,5 | okungenani 3 | Into ye-1 |
| okuyingxenye 4 | Into ye-2,5 | okungenani 4 | Into ye-2 |
| okuyingxenye 5 | Into ye-3,5 | okungenani 5 | Into ye-3 |
| m. 6 | Into ye-4 | okungenani 6 | Into ye-3,5 |
| m. 7 | Into ye-5 | okungenani 7 | Into ye-4,5 |
| okuyingxenye 8 | Into ye-6 | okungenani 8 | Into ye-5,5 |
Indlela yokwakha izikhawu ezandisiwe nezinciphile?
Ukwakha noma yisiphi isikhawu esikhulisiwe nesincishisiwe, indlela elula iwukuba ucabange “umthombo” wawo, okungukuthi, isikhawu esikhulu, esincane noma esimsulwa, futhi umane uguqule okuthile kuwo (uwunciphise noma uwunwebe).
Singanwetshwa kanjani isikhawu? Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungaphakamisa umsindo wayo ongenhla ngethoni ebukhali ngesigamu, noma wehlise umsindo wayo ophansi ngesicaba. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile uma sithatha isikhawu kukhibhodi yepiyano. Ake sithathe ingxenye yesihlanu emsulwa ye-D-LA njengesibonelo futhi sibone ukuthi inganyuswa kanjani:
Iyini imiphumela? Okwesihlanu okungeziwe kokumsulwa koqobo kungaba i-D kanye ne-A SHARP, noma i-D FLAT kanye no-A, kuye ngokuthi yimuphi umsindo esikhethe ukuwushintsha. Ngendlela, uma sishintsha imisindo yomibili ngesikhathi esisodwa, eyesihlanu izoba kabili, okungukuthi, izokhula ngama-semitones amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Bona ukuthi le miphumela ibukeka kanjani ekuphawuleni komculo:
Ungasinciphisa kanjani isikhawu? Udinga ukwenza okuphambene, okungukuthi, ukukuguqula ngaphakathi. Ukwenza lokhu, sinciphisa umsindo ongaphezulu ngesigamu sesinyathelo, noma, uma silawula umsindo ophansi, siyawukhulisa, siwuphakamise kancane. Njengesibonelo, cabangela ingxenye yesihlanu efanayo ye-RE-LA bese uzama ukuyinciphisa, okungukuthi, ukuyinciphisa.
Yini esiyizuzile? Kube khona ingxenye yesihlanu emsulwa ye-D-LA, sithole izinketho ezimbili kweyesihlanu encishisiwe: RE kanye ne-A-FLAT, i-D-SHARP ne-LA. Uma ushintsha yomibili imisindo yesihlanu ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuzophuma ingxenye yesihlanu encishiswe kabili ye-D-SHARP kanye ne-A-FLAT. Ake sibheke isibonelo somculo:
Bona ukuthi ungenzani ngezinye izikhawu. Manje unezibonelo ezine zomculo. Qhathanisa futhi ubheke ukuthi amanye atholakala kanjani kwezinye izikhawu ngokushintsha umsindo ophezulu - wehla uye phezulu nge-semitone.
Isibonelo 1. Izikhawu ezihlanzekile nezinkulu ezivela ku-PE, ezakhiwe
Isibonelo 2 Izikhawu ezinwetshiwe ukusuka ku-PE ukuya phezulu
Isibonelo 3. Izikhawu ezihlanzekile nezincane ezivela ku-PE ezakhiwe
Isibonelo 4 Izikhawu ezincishisiwe ukusuka ku-PE ukuya phezulu
Anharmonicity of izikhawu
Ini i-enharmonism? yona ukulingana kwezakhi zomculo emsindweni, kodwa ukungalingani esihlokweni nasekurekhodeni. Isibonelo esilula se-anharmonicity yi-F-SHARN ne-G-FLAT. Kuzwakala kufana, kodwa amagama ahlukile, futhi abhalwa ngendlela ehlukile. Ngakho-ke, izikhawu nazo zingalingana ne-enharmonic, isibonelo, ingxenye yesithathu encane kanye nesekhondi elingeziwe.
Kungani sikhuluma ngalokhu nhlobo? Lapho ubheka itafula elinenani lamathoni ekuqaleni kwesihloko, lapho kamuva ubheka izibonelo zethu, cishe wazibuza: “Lokhu kungaba kanjani uhhafu wethoni ekukhulumeni okuthuthukisiwe, ngoba uhhafu wethoni uku umzuzwana omncane?" noma “Hlobo luni lwe-D-LA-SHARP, bhala i-D-FAT bese uthola okwesithupha okuncane okujwayelekile, kungani zonke lezi zengeze isihlanu?”. Ingabe yayikhona imicabango enjalo? Vuma ukuthi ubunjalo. Lezi yizibonelo nje ze-anharmonicity yezikhawu.
Ezinkathini ezilinganayo ze-enharmonic, inani lekhwalithi, okungukuthi, inani lamathoni nama-semitones, liyafana, kodwa inani le-quantitative (inombolo yezinyathelo) lihlukile., yingakho zakhiwe ngemisindo ehlukene futhi zibizwa ngokuhlukile.
Ake sibone izibonelo ezengeziwe zama-anharmonisms. Thatha izikhawu ezifanayo ku-PE. Isekhondi elengeziwe lizwakala njengengxenye yesithathu encane, ingxenye yesithathu enkulu ilingana neyesine enciphile, eyesine ekhulisiwe ifana neyesihlanu enciphile, njalo njalo.
Ukwakha kwandisiwe kanye nezikhawu ezincishisiwe akunzima kumuntu ofunde kahle ukwakha izikhawu ezivamile. Ngakho-ke, uma unezikhala ekusebenzeni, bese uzisusa ngokushesha. Yilokho kuphela. Ezindabeni ezilandelayo sizokhuluma ngongwaqa kanye nama-dissonances, mayelana nokuthi izikhawu ze-harmonic ne-melodic zizwakala kanjani. Silinde ukuvakasha kwakho!
