Inani lesilinganiso nekhwalithi yesikhawu

Isikhawu somculo wungwaqa wamanothi amabili kanye negebe, okungukuthi, ibanga eliphakathi kwawo. Ukujwayela okuningiliziwe ngezikhawu, amagama abo nezimiso zokwakha kwenzeka kumagazini wokugcina. Uma udinga okuthile ukuze uvuselele inkumbulo yakho, khona-ke isixhumanisi sento yangaphambilini sizonikezwa ngezansi. Namuhla sizoqhubeka nocwaningo lwezikhathi, futhi ngokuqondile, sizocubungula izici zabo ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu: amanani obuningi kanye nekhwalithi.

FUNDA NGEZIKHALA LAPHA

Njengoba isikhawu siyibanga eliphakathi kwemisindo, leli banga kumelwe likalwe ngandlela-thile. Isikhawu somculo sinezilinganiso ezinjalo ezimbili - inani lomthamo kanye nenani lekhwalithi. Yini? Ake sikuthole.

Inani le-quantitative lesikhathi

inani lomthamo uthi mayelana zingaki izinyathelo zomculo ezenza ikhava yesikhawu. Ngakho-ke, kusenjalo ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi inani lesinyathelo. Usuvele ujwayelene nalesi silinganiso sesikhawu, sivezwa ngezinombolo ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-8, okukhonjiswa ngazo izikhawu.

Ake sikhumbule ukuthi lezi zisho ukuthini. inombolo? Okokuqala, bona qamba izikhawu ngokwazo, njengoba igama lesikhawu liphinde libe inombolo, ngesiLatini kuphela:

Okwesibili, lezi izinombolo zikhombisa ukuthi iqhelelene kangakanani imisindo yezikhawu ezimbili – ngaphansi nangaphezulu (isisekelo nangaphezulu). Uma inombolo iba nkulu, isikhawu siba banzi, imisindo emibili eyakhayo ithi:

• Inombolo 1 ibonisa ukuthi imisindo emibili isezingeni elifanayo lomculo (okungukuthi, empeleni, i-prima iwukuphindaphinda komsindo ofanayo kabili).
• Inombolo 2 isho ukuthi umsindo ophansi usesinyathelweni sokuqala, futhi umsindo ophezulu ungokwesibili (okungukuthi, kolandelayo, umsindo oseduze wesitebhisi somculo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubala phansi kwezinyathelo kungaqalwa kunoma yimuphi umsindo esiwudingayo (ngisho naku-DO, ngisho naku-PE noma ku-MI, njll.).
• Inombolo 3 isho ukuthi isisekelo sesikhawu sisesinyathelweni sokuqala, futhi phezulu sikwesesithathu saso.
• Inombolo 4 idlulisela ukuthi ibanga phakathi kwamanothi yizinyathelo ezi-4, njalonjalo.

Isimiso esisanda kusichaza kulula ukusiqonda ngesibonelo. Ake sakhe zonke izikhawu eziyisishiyagalombili ukusuka kumsindo we-PE, sizibhale phansi kumanothi. Uyabona: ngokunyuka kwenani lezinyathelo (okungukuthi, inani lokulinganisa), ibanga, igebe phakathi kwesisekelo se-PE kanye nesesibili, umsindo ongaphezulu wesikhawu, nawo uyakhula.

Inani lekhwalithi

Inani lekhwalithifuthi inani lethoni (igama lesibili) uthi mangaki amathoni nama-semitones esikhaleni. Ukuze uqonde lokhu, kufanele uqale ukhumbule ukuthi yini i-semitone nethoni.

I-semitone ibanga elincane phakathi kwemisindo emibili. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ikhibhodi yepiyano ukuze uqonde kangcono futhi ucace kakhudlwana. Ikhibhodi inokhiye omnyama nomhlophe, futhi uma idlalwa ngaphandle kwezikhala, khona-ke kuzoba nebanga le-semitone phakathi kwezinkinobho ezimbili eziseduze (ngomsindo, yiqiniso, hhayi endaweni).

Isibonelo, ukusuka ku-C kuya ku-C-SHARP, i-semitone (i-semitone lapho sikhuphuka sisuka kukhiye omhlophe siya komnyama oseduze), ukusuka ku-C-SHARP kuya kunothi le-PE nakho kuyi-semitone (lapho sehla sisuka kumnyama isihluthulelo kwesimhlophe esiseduze). Ngokufanayo, ukusuka ku-F kuye ku-F-SHOT futhi ukusuka ku-F-SHOT ukuya ku-G zonke ziyizibonelo zama-semitones.

Kukhona ama-semitone kukhibhodi yepiyano, akhiwe ngokhiye abamhlophe kuphela. Kunezimbili zazo: i-MI-FA SI ne-DO, futhi zidinga ukukhunjulwa.

KUBALULEKILE! Ama-halftones anganezelwa. Futhi, isibonelo, uma wengeza ama-semitones amabili (ama-halves amabili), uthola ithoni eyodwa ephelele (iphelele). Isibonelo, ama-semitones UYENZA nge-CSHAR naphakathi kwe-CHAP ne-PE ahlanganisa ithoni yonke phakathi kuka-DO kanye ne-PE.

Ukwenza kube lula ukwengeza amathoni, khumbula imithetho elula:

1. Umthetho wombala omhlophe. Uma kunokhiye omnyama phakathi kokhiye ababili abaseduze abaseduze, ibanga eliphakathi kwabo liyithoni engu-1 ephelele. Uma ungekho ukhiye omnyama, kusho ukuthi i-semitone. Okusho ukuthi, kuvela ukuthi: DO-RE, RE-MI, FA-SOL, SOL-LA, LA-SI amathoni aphelele, kanti i-MI-FA, SI-DO ama-semitones.
2. Umthetho wombala omnyama. Uma izikhiye ezimbili ezimnyama ezincikene zihlukaniswa ngokhiye owodwa omhlophe (owodwa kuphela, hhayi ababili!), ibanga eliphakathi kwabo nalo liyithoni engu-1 ephelele. Isibonelo: I-C-SHARP ne-D-SHARP, i-F-SHARP ne-G-SHARP, i-A-FLAT NE-SI-FLAT, njll.
3. Umthetho omnyama nomhlophe. Ezikhala ezinkulu phakathi kwezikhiye ezimnyama, umthetho wesiphambano noma umthetho wamathoni amnyama namhlophe uyasebenza. Ngakho-ke, i-MI ne-F-SHARP, kanye ne-MI-FLAT ne-FA amathoni aphelele. Ngokufanayo, amathoni aphelele angu-SI ane-C-SHARP kanye ne-SI-Flat eno-C evamile.

Kuwe manje, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufunda indlela yokwengeza amathoni, futhi ufunde ukuthi unganquma kanjani ukuthi mangaki amathoni noma ama-semitone alingana kusuka komunye umsindo kuya komunye. Masizilolonge.

Isibonelo, sidinga ukunquma ukuthi mangaki amathoni aphakathi kwemisindo yesithupha ye-D-LA. Yomibili imisindo - kokubili do kanye no-la, ifakiwe kumphumela. Sicabangela: i-do-re ithoni engu-1, bese i-re-mi enye ithoni engu-1, isivele isi-2. Ngaphezu kwalokho: i-mi-fa iyi-semitone, uhhafu, yengeze kumathoni angu-2 akhona, sesivele sithola amathoni angu-2 nohhafu. . Imisindo elandelayo fa nosawoti: enye ithoni, isiyonke kakade 3 nengxenye. Futhi okokugcina - usawoti kanye ne-la, futhi ithoni. Ngakho-ke sifinyelele inothi la, futhi sekukonke sikutholile ukuthi kusuka ku-DO kuya ku-LA kukhona amathoni angu-4 nesigamu kuphela.

Manje ake sizenze ngokwethu! Nazi ezinye izivivinyo ozozijwayeza. Bala ukuthi mangaki amathoni:

• okwesithathu DO-MI
• engxenyeni ye-FA-SI
• embhalweni we-MI-DO
• ku-octave DO-DO
• kweyesihlanu D-LA
• esibonelweni esithi WE-WE

Awu, kanjani? Ingabe ukwazile? Izimpendulo ezifanele yilezi: DO-MI – 2 tones, FA-SI – 3 tones, MI-DO – 4 tones, DO-DO – 6 tones, RE-LA – 3 and half tones, MI-MI – ziro tones. I-Prima iyisikhawu esinjalo lapho singashiyi khona umsindo wokuqala, ngakho-ke alikho ibanga langempela kuwo futhi, ngokufanele, amathoni ayiziro.

Liyini inani lekhwalithi?

Inani lekhwalithi linikeza izinhlobo ezintsha zezikhawu. Ngokuya ngakho, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezikhawu ziyahlukaniswa:

1. Net,zine i-prima, i-quarta, yesihlanu ne-octave. Izikhawu ezihlanzekile zichazwa ngohlamvu oluncane oluthi “h”, olubekwe phambi kwenombolo yesikhawu. Okusho ukuthi, i-prima emsulwa ingafushaniswa ngokuthi ch1, iquart emsulwa - ch4, eyesihlanu - ch5, i-octave emsulwa - ch8.
2. Small, kukhona futhi ezine zazo - lokhu imizuzwana, eyesithathu, eyesithupha neyesikhombisa. Izikhawu ezincane ziboniswa ngohlamvu oluncane "m" (isibonelo: m2, m3, m6, m7).
3. Big – zingafana nezincane, okungukuthi eyesibili, eyesithathu, eyesithupha, neyesikhombisa. Izikhawu ezinkulu zichazwa ngohlamvu oluncane oluthi “b” (b2, b3, b6, b7).
4. kuncishisiwe – bangaba noma yiziphi izikhawu ngaphandle kwe-prima. Ayikho i-prima encishisiwe, njengoba kukhona amathoni angu-0 ku-prima ehlanzekile futhi akukho ndawo yokuyinciphisa (inani lekhwalithi alinawo amanani angalungile). Izikhawu ezincishisiwe zifushaniswa njengokuthi “ingqondo” (min2, min3, min4, njll.).
5. Kunyusiwe - ungangeza zonke izikhawu ngaphandle kokukhetha. Igama elithi “uv” (uv1, uv2, uv3, njll.).

Okokuqala, udinga ukubhekana nezikhawu ezihlanzekile, ezincane nezinkulu - yizona eziyinhloko. Futhi ezikhulisiwe nezincishisiwe zizoxhumeka kuwe kamuva. Ukwakha isikhawu esikhulu noma esincane, udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi mangaki amathoni kuwo. Udinga nje ukukhumbula lezi zindinganiso (ekuqaleni, ungabhala eshidini lokukopela futhi uhlale ubheka lapho, kodwa kungcono ukukufunda ngaso leso sikhathi). Ngakho:

I-prima ehlanzekile = amathoni angu-0 Isekhondi elincane = 0,5 amathoni (uhhafu wethoni) Isekhondi elikhulu = ithoni engu-1 Ingxenye yesithathu encane = amathoni angu-1,5 (ithoni eyodwa nohhafu) Ingxenye yesithathu enkulu = amathoni ama-2 Iquart ehlanzekile = amathoni angu-2,5 (amabili nesigamu) Okumsulwa okwesihlanu = amathoni angu-3,5 (amathathu nohhafu) Amathoni amancane wesithupha we-u4d XNUMX I-u4d enkulu yesithupha yamathoni angu-5 (amane nohhafu) Encane yesikhombisa = amathoni ama-5 Eyesikhombisa enkulu = amathoni angu-5,5 (amahlanu nesigamu) I-octave ehlanzekile = amathoni ayi-6

Ukuze uqonde umehluko phakathi kwezikhawu ezincane nezinkulu, bukela futhi udlale (cula kanye) izikhawu ezakhiwe kusukela emsindweni ukuya:

Manje ake sisebenzise ulwazi olusha. Isibonelo, ake sakhe zonke izikhawu ezisohlwini kusuka kumsindo we-PE.

• I-Prima ehlanzekile evela ku-RE ithi RE-RE. Nge-prima akumele sikhathazeke nakancane, kuhlale nje kuwukuphindaphinda komsindo.
• Imizuzwana mikhulu futhi mincane. Okwesibili ukusuka ku-RE, lena ngokuvamile imisindo ye-RE-MI (izinyathelo ezi-2). Ngomzuzwana omncane kufanele kube nethoni yesigamu kuphela, futhi ngomzuzwana omkhulu - ithoni engu-1 ephelele. Sibheka ikhibhodi, hlola ukuthi mangaki amathoni kusuka ku-RE kuya ku-MI: ithoni engu-1, okusho ukuthi isibili esakhiwe sikhulu. Ukuze sithole encane, sidinga ukunciphisa ibanga ngethoni yesigamu. Kwenziwa kanjani? Sehlisa nje umsindo ongaphezulu ngethoni ewuhhafu ngosizo lwefulethi. Sithola: RE kanye ne-MI-FLAT.
• Ama-Terts nawo ayizinhlobo ezimbili. Ngokuvamile, okwesithathu okuvela ku-RE yimisindo ye-RE-FA. Kusukela ku-RE kuya ku-FA - ithoni eyodwa nengxenye. Lithini? Ukuthi lesi sesithathu sincane. Ukuze sithole enkulu, sidinga manje, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwengeza isigamu sethoni. Sengeza lokhu: sandisa umsindo ophezulu ngosizo lwe-Sharp. Sithola: RE kanye ne-F-SHARP - lena ingxenye yesithathu enkulu.
• Iquart yonke (ch4). Sibala izinyathelo ezine ukusuka e-PE, sithola i-PE-SOL. Hlola ukuthi mangaki amathoni. Kufanele kube ezimbili nengxenye. Futhi kukhona! Lokhu kusho ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle kule quart, asikho isidingo sokushintsha noma yini, asikho isidingo sokwengeza noma yikuphi okubukhali namaflethi.
• Iphelele okwesihlanu. Sikhumbula igama - h5. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukubala ukusuka ku-PE izinyathelo ezinhlanu. Lokhu kuzoba imisindo ethi RE kanye ne-LA. Kunamathoni amathathu nengxenye phakathi kwawo. Ngokufana ncamashí njengoba kufanele kube engxenyeni yesihlanu evamile emsulwa. Ngakho, lapha, futhi, konke kuhamba kahle, futhi azikho izimpawu ezengeziwe ezidingekayo.
• Imibhalo yocansi mincane (m6) futhi inkulu (b6). Izinyathelo eziyisithupha ukusuka ku-RE yi-RE-SI. Ingabe uwabala amathoni? Kusukela ku-RE kuya ku-SI - amathoni angu-4 nohhafu, ngakho-ke, i-RE-SI inkulu yesithupha. Senza encane - sinciphisa umsindo ophezulu ngosizo lwefulethi, ngaleyo ndlela sisusa i-semitone eyengeziwe. Manje eyesithupha isibe yincane - RE kanye ne-SI-FLAT.
• Septim - eziyisikhombisa, kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezimbili. Eyesikhombisa evela ku-RE imisindo ye-RE-DO. Kukhona amathoni amahlanu phakathi kwabo, okungukuthi, sithole eyesikhombisa encane. Futhi ukuze ube mkhulu - udinga ukungeza okwengeziwe. Khumbula kanjani? Ngosizo lwezwi elibukhali, sandisa umsindo ophezulu, engeza enye ithoni yesigamu ukuze senze ezinhlanu nengxenye. Imisindo yesikhombisa enkulu - RE kanye ne-C-SHARP.
• I-octave emsulwa esinye isikhawu lapho kungekho zinkinga khona. Siphinde i-PE phezulu, ngakho-ke sithole i-octave. Ungahlola – ihlanzekile, inamathoni ayi-6.

Masibhale konke esikuthole kubasebenzi bomculo oyedwa:

Lapha, isibonelo, unezikhathi ezakhiwe kusukela kumsindo we-MI, futhi kuphela kwamanye amanothi - sicela, uzame ukuzakhela ngokwakho. Ingabe udinga ukuzilolonga? Akuzona zonke izimpendulo ezenziwe ngomumo ku-solfeggio okufanele zicinywe?

Futhi-ke, izikhawu zingakhiwa nje phezulu, kodwa futhi phansi. Kulesi simo nje, kuzodingeka silawule umsindo ophansi ngaso sonke isikhathi - uma kunesidingo, siwunyuse noma wehlise. Wazi kanjani ukuthi kufanele ukhuphule nini futhi wehlise nini? Bheka ikhibhodi bese uhlaziya okwenzekayo: ingabe ibanga liyakhula noma liyancipha? Ingabe ububanzi buyanda noma buyancipha? Hhayi-ke, ngokuhambisana nokuqaphela kwakho, yenza isinqumo esifanele.

Uma sakha izikhawu phansi, khona-ke ukwanda komsindo ophansi kuholela ekunciphiseni isikhawu, ukwehla kwenani lamathoni-semitones. Futhi ukwehla - ngokuphambene nalokho, isikhawu siyanda, inani lekhwalithi liyakhula.

Bheka, sakhe izikhawu lapha ezansi kusukela kumanothi ukuya ku-D no-D ukuze ubone. Zama ukuqonda:

Futhi kusukela ku-MI kwehle, masakhe ndawonye, ​​ngezincazelo.

• I-Prima ehlanzekile evela ku-MI - MI-MI ngaphandle kokuphawula. Awukwazi ukwakha i-prima ehlanzekile noma phansi noma phezulu, ngoba inyathela khona lapho: akukho lapha noma laphaya, kuyafana ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Imizuzwana: ukusuka ku-MI - MI-RE, uma wakha phansi. Ibanga liyithoni engu-1, okusho ukuthi isekhondi inkulu. Indlela yokwenza encane Kudingekile ukunciphisa isikhawu, susa i-semitone eyodwa, futhi ngenxa yalokhu udinga ukwehlisa umsindo (ongaphezulu awukwazi ukuguqulwa) ukuwudonsa kancane, okungukuthi, ukuwuphakamisa ngokucijile. Sithola: MI kanye ne-D-SHARP - isekhondi elincane phansi.
• Okwesithathu. Sibeke eceleni izinyathelo ezintathu phansi (MI-DO), sathola eyesithathu enkulu (amathoni ama-2). Badonse umsindo ophansi phezulu kwesigamu sethoni (C-SHARP), bathola ithoni eyodwa nesigamu - ingxenye yesithathu encane.
• Ingxenye yesine ephelele nengxenye yesihlanu ephelele lapha, ngokungagwegwesi, evamile: MI-SI, MI-LA. Uma ufuna - hlola, bala amathoni.
• Ama-Sextes avela ku-MI: I-MI-SOL inkulu, akunjalo? Ngoba kukhona amathoni angu-4 nohhafu kuwo. Ukuze ube mncane, udinga ukuthatha i-sol-sharp (into nje ebukhali futhi ebukhali, hhayi iflethi elilodwa - ngandlela-thile ngisho nokungathandeki).
• I-Septima MI-FA inkulu, futhi incane i-MI ne-FA-SHARP (ugh, ibukhali futhi!). Futhi into yokugcina, enzima kakhulu i-octave ehlanzekile: MI-MI (awusoze wakha).

Ake sibone ukuthi kwenzekani. Amanye ama-Sharps aqhubekayo, hhayi ifulethi elilodwa. Well okungenani akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma wakha kusuka kwamanye amanothi, khona-ke amafulethi angatholakala lapho.

Ngendlela, uma ukhohliwe ukuthi yini ebukhali, flat kanye ne-bekar. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka… Lokho kungaphinda KULELI KHASI.

Ukuze wakhe futhi uthole izikhawu, ukubala amathoni, sivamise ukudinga ikhibhodi yepiyano phambi kwamehlo ethu. Ukuze kube lula, ungaphrinta ikhibhodi edwetshiwe, uyinqume futhi uyifake encwadini yakho yokusebenzela. Futhi ungalanda okungenalutho ukuze uphrinte kithi.

UKULUNGISELELA IKHIBHODI YEPIANO – LANDA

Ithebula lezikhawu kanye namanani azo

Zonke izinto zalesi sihloko esikhulu zingancishiswa zibe ipuleti elilodwa elincane, esizokubonisa manje. Ungaphinda udwebe kabusha leli shidi lokukopela le-solfeggio encwadini yakho yokubhalela, endaweni ethile endaweni esobala, ukuze uhlale unalo phambi kwamehlo akho.

Kuzoba namakholomu amane kuthebula: igama eliphelele lesikhawu, igama layo elifushane, inani lomthamo (okungukuthi, zingaki izinyathelo ezikulo) kanye nenani lekhwalithi (bangakhi amathoni). Ungadideki? Ukuze kube lula, ungazenzela inguqulo efushanisiwe (ikholomu yesibili neyokugcina kuphela).

Yilokho kuphela okwamanje. Komagazini abalandelayo, uzoqhubeka nesihloko esithi “Izikhawu”, uzofunda ukwenza ukuguqulwa kwabo, ukuthi ungakhula kanjani futhi unciphise izikhawu, nokuthi ayini ama-newts nokuthi kungani ehlala encwadini yomculo, hhayi encwadini yomculo. ulwandle. Sizobonana maduze!