Izikhawu zomculo: ziyini futhi zingakhiwa kanjani?

Izikhawu emculweni ibanga eliphakathi kwemisindo emibili, kanye nongwaqa wamanothi amabili. Nansi incazelo elula yalo mqondo. Ezifundweni ze-solfeggio, bacula futhi balalele izikhawu, ukuze kamuva babonakale emisebenzini yomculo, kodwa okokuqala udinga ukufunda indlela yokuzakha kumanothi ahlukene.

Kunezikhawu eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela ezilula, zichazwa izinombolo ezijwayelekile ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-8, futhi zibizwa ngamagama akhethekile esiLatini:

1 - uthola 2 - isekhondi 3 - okwesithathu 4 - ikota 5 - wesihlanu 6 – ucansi 7 - septima 8 - i-octave

Asho ukuthini lamagama? Ihunyushwe isuka kuLatini, i-prima ingeyokuqala, eyesibili eyesibili, eyesithathu eyesithathu, njll.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana namagama esikhawu

Cishe usuzwile amagama amaningi ekhefu izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, ngisho noma ingxoxo ingazange ithinte umculo. Ngokwesibonelo, izwi "yamukela" isemusho "diva" (leli yigama lokuqala, okungukuthi, umlingisikazi oyinhloko-umculi wethiyetha).

iZwi "yesibili" ifana kakhulu nenombolo yesiNgisi "yesibili" (okungukuthi, okwesibili), kanye negama lesikhawu sesithupha "Ucansi" kubukeka njengesiNgisi "eziyisithupha" (eziyisithupha).

Okuthakazelisayo kulo mbono yizikhawu "i-septima" и "i-octave". Khumbula ukuthi ungasho kanjani ukuthi "Septhemba" kanye "no-Okthoba" ngesiNgisi? yona "Septhemba" и "Okthoba"! Okusho ukuthi, la magama ezinyanga anezimpande ezifanayo namagama ezikhawu. “Kodwa emva kwakho konke, eyesikhombisa iyisikhombisa, futhi i-octave iyisishiyagalombili, futhi izinyanga ezibonisiwe ziyisishiyagalolunye neshumi ngonyaka,” usho, futhi uzobe uqinisile. Iqiniso liwukuthi kwakukhona izikhathi lapho unyaka omusha ngamunye ubalwa hhayi kusukela ngoJanuwari, njengoba kunjalo manje, kodwa kusukela ngoMashi - inyanga yokuqala yasentwasahlobo. Uma ubala kanje, khona-ke konke kuhamba kahle: uSepthemba kuzoba yinyanga yesikhombisa, kanti u-Okthoba wesishiyagalombili.

Asikathi vu ngesesine nesesithathu. Ngeyesithathu, konke kucacile - kudinga nje ukukhunjulwa, kodwa ikakhulukazi abaqaphile bayoqaphela ukuthi uma ufunda igama "ephakeme", weqa zonke izinhlamvu zesibili, uthola evamile "okuthathu".

NgesiRashiya kukhona amagama afana ne “umakhelwane”: lokhu, isibonelo, ifulethi noma ikota. Ini “umakhelwane”? Leli gama linezincazelo ezimbili: 1) ukuhlukanisa unyaka ube izingxenye ezi-4 ezilinganayo; 2) isiqephu sokuthuthukiswa kwedolobha, esizungezwe imigwaqo ezinhlangothini ezine. Ngandlela thize, inombolo 4 ibonakala lapha, futhi uma ukhumbula lokhu kuhlanganiswa, awusoze wadida i-quart nanoma yisiphi esinye isikhawu.

Ungazakha kanjani izikhawu ezivela kumanothi ahlukene phezulu naphansi?

Izikhawu zakhiwe ngamanothi amabili, angaba eduze noma aqhelelene. Futhi mayelana nokuthi zikude kangakanani, sitshelwa ngenombolo yesikhawu ekhonjiswe ngayo (kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-8).

 Uyazi ukuthi wonke umsindo emculweni usezingeni eliphezulu lomculo. Ngakho-ke inombolo yesikhawu ibonisa ukuthi zingaki izinyathelo okudingeka udlule kuzo ukuze usuke emsindweni wokuqala wesikhathi uye kowesibili. Uma inombolo enkulu, i-interval ivuleka, futhi imisindo yayo isuka komunye nomunye.

Ake sibheke izikhawu ezithile:

Okokuqala - echazwe inombolo 1, esitshela ukuthi: imisindo emibili isezingeni elifanayo. Ngakho-ke, i-prima iwukuphindaphinda okuvamile komsindo, isinyathelo endaweni: ngaphambi nangaphambilini, noma i-re and re, mi-mi, njll.

Okwesibili – ichazwa yi-deuce, ngoba lesi sikhawu sesivele sihlanganisa izinyathelo ezimbili: umsindo owodwa ukunoma iyiphi inothi, kanti eyesibili ikwelandelayo, okungukuthi, isinyathelo sesibili zilandelana. Ngokwesibonelo: do and re, re and mi, mi and fa, njll.

Okwesithathu - ifinyelela amazinga amathathu. Umsindo wesibili uhlobene neyokuqala ebangeni lezinyathelo ezintathu, uma uhamba ngokulandelana eduze kwesitebhisi somculo. Izibonelo zesithathu: do and mi, re and fa, mi nosawoti, njll.

Quart - manje isikhawu sinwetshiwe sibe yizinyathelo ezine, okungukuthi, umsindo wokuqala usesinyathelweni sokuqala, kanti owesibili ungowesine. Ngokwesibonelo: do and fa, re nosawoti, njll. Ake siphinde sikuchaze lokho ungaqala ukubala izinyathelo kunoma iyiphi inothi: okungenani ukusuka kuye, okungenani ukusuka kabusha - sikhetha esikudingayo.

Quint – ukuqokwa ngenombolo 5 kukhombisa ukuthi ububanzi besikhawu buyizinyathelo ezi-5. Isibonelo: yenza nosawoti, re no la, mi no si, njll.

I-Sexta ne-Septima - izinombolo 6 no-7, ezikhonjiswe ngazo, zikhomba ukuthi udinga ukubala izinyathelo eziyisithupha noma eziyisikhombisa ukuze uthole eyesithupha noma eyesikhombisa. Izibonelo zesithupha: do and la, re and si, mi and do. Izibonelo zesikhombisa (zonke zikhuphuka ngezitebhisi): yenza futhi si, re futhi wenze, mi kanye ne.

enothini - isikhawu sokugcina, kulula njenge-prima. Lokhu futhi ukuphindaphinda komsindo, kuphela ngobude obuhlukile. Isibonelo: kufika ku-octave yokuqala kuze kufike kweyesibili i-octave, i-re ne-re, i-mi ne-mi, njll.

Manje ake sakhe zonke izikhawu ngokulandelana kwazo ukusuka kunothi TO kanye nenothi, isibonelo, i-SALT. Ungalalela izibonelo. Kwenze!

Izikhawu ukusuka ku-D ukuya phezulu

Izikhawu kusukela ku-G up

KUBALULEKILE! bala izinyathelo futhi ungakha izikhawu hhayi nje phezulu, kodwa futhi phansi. Bheka isithombe: lapha zonke izikhawu eziyisishiyagalombili zakhiwe phansi kusukela kumanothi C no-A.

Izikhawu ukusuka kunothi kuye phansi

Izikhawu kusukela LA phansi

Ukuzivocavoca: ukudlala izikhawu kupiyano

Lapho ufunda izikhawu, izivivinyo kupiyano noma kwikhibhodi edwetshiwe ziwusizo ngokulinganayo kubo bobabili abadala kanye nezingane. Ipiyano noma i-synthesizer enomsindo, yebo, ingcono, ngoba umgomo wokufunda izikhawu ku-solfeggio awukona ukukhumbula igama lesikhawu, hhayi amanothi awenzayo (yize lokhu kubalulekile), kodwa umsindo. .

Ngakho-ke, uma lingekho ithuluzi elifanele eliseduze, ungasebenzisa ikhibhodi ebonakalayo noma uhlelo lwepiyano ocingweni lwakho (ithebhulethi). Kubalulekile ukuthi ungasebenzi ngemodi ethule, kodwa ngomsindo (okungcono).

Ukuzivocavoca 1. Ukudlala ama-prim

I-Prima kulula ukuyidlala, ngoba i-prima ukuphindaphinda kwenothi elifanayo kabili. Ngakho-ke, udinga nje ukushaya noma yimuphi ukhiye kabili futhi uzovele uthole isikhawu. I-Prima isikhawu esibaluleke kakhulu esenzeka ezingomeni eziningi, ngakho-ke akufanele neze usikhohlwe (imvamisa bayakhohlwa ngoba kulula).

Exercise 2. Ukudlala imizuzwana

Isekhondi lihlala lakhiwe izinyathelo ezimbili eziseduze, amanothi amabili aseduze. Futhi kukhibhodi yepiyano, ukuze udlale okwesibili, udinga futhi ukuthatha okhiye ababili abaseduze. Dlala imizuzwana kusuka kumanothi ahlukene - phezulu naphansi, khumbula umsindo, ungakwazi futhi ukuzijwayeza i-solfeggio ngokuhambisana, okungukuthi, ukucula amanothi owadlalayo.

Ukuzivocavoca 3. Ukudlala Okwesithathu

Okwesithathu isikhawu esiyintandokazi sika-VA Mozart omncane - ingcweti yomculo womhlaba. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ebuntwaneni Mozart kid wasondela harpsichord uyise (insimbi umanduleli upiyano), akazange abone okhiye (by ukuphakama), kodwa wafinyelela kubo ngezandla zakhe. U-Mozart wayedlala zonke izinhlobo zama-harmonies, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke wajabula lapho ekwazi "ukubamba" okwesithathu - lesi sikhawu sizwakala sisihle futhi simnandi.

Zama ukudlala okwesithathu nawe. Thatha i-"DO-MI" yesithathu bese ukhumbula leli banga: imisindo itholakala kukhibhodi ngokhiye owodwa (ngesinyathelo esisodwa). Dlala okwesithathu phezulu naphansi kumanothi ahlukene. Dlala imisindo yabathathu ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ngokushintshana, okungukuthi, ngokungahleliwe.

Ukuzivocavoca 4. Ukudlala okwesine nesesihlanu

Okwesine nokwesihlanu yizikhawu ezizwakala njengempi, zimema futhi zinesizotha kakhulu. Akumangalisi ukuthi iculo lethu lesiRashiya liqala ngekota. Thatha ingxenye yesine ye-“DO-FA” nengxenye yesihlanu ye-“DO-SOL”, uziqhathanise ngomsindo, khumbula ibanga. Dlala okwesine nokwesihlanu kumanothi ahlukene. Zama ukufunda ukuthola ngokushesha lezi zikhawu ngamehlo akho kukhibhodi.

Exercise 5. Ukudlala okwesithupha

Imibhalo yocansi, njengengxenye yesithathu, nayo imnandi kakhulu futhi muhle ngomsindo. Ukuze udlale ngokushesha okwesithupha, ungacabanga ngengqondo eyesihlanu (inombolo yayo ingu-5) bese wengeza esinye isinyathelo kuso (ukuyenza ibe ngu-6). Dlala okwesithupha phezulu okuthi “DO-LA”, “RE-SI” futhi kusukela kuwo wonke amanye amanothi bese phansi “DO-MI”, “RE-FA”, njll.

Ukuzivocavoca 6. Ukudlala ama-octaves

I-octave ukuphindaphinda komsindo ku-octave elandelayo. Incazelo enjalo eyindida nengenangqondo inganikezwa kulesi sikhawu. Thola amanothi amabili afanayo kukhibhodi asondelene ngangokunokwenzeka: i-DO emibili (eyodwa kuyi-octave yokuqala, eyesibili kweyesibili), noma i-PE emibili. Lawa kuzoba ama-octaves. Okusho ukuthi, i-octave ibanga ukusuka emsindweni owodwa ukuya ekuphindaphindweni kwawo esitebhisini somculo. Ama-octaves kufanele abonakale ngokushesha. Prakthiza.

Exercise 7. Ukudlala eyesikhombisa

Sicishe saphuthelwa isikhawu sesikhombisa - esesikhombisa. Sifuna ukwabelana nawe ngeqhinga elilodwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inombolo ye-octave ingu-8, kanti eyesikhombisa ingu-7. Ngakho, ukuze uthole eyesikhombisa, udinga nje ukususa isinyathelo esisodwa ku-octave. Lena indlela yokwakha ngokushesha okwesikhombisa, ukuze ungabali izinyathelo eziyisikhombisa "kusuka esitofu" isikhathi ngasinye.

Isibonelo: sidinga okwesikhombisa kwa-PE. Cabanga nge-octave - RE-RE, futhi manje ake sehlise umsindo ophezulu ngesinyathelo esisodwa: sithola i-RE-DO yesikhombisa!

Esinye isibonelo: asakhe okwesikhombisa ukusuka ku-MI phansi. Sibeka phansi i-octave - MI-MI, futhi manje, ukunaka, ake siphakamise umsindo ophansi isinyathelo esisodwa phezulu futhi sehlise i-MI-FA yesikhombisa. Futhi kungani siphakamise umsindo ophansi, futhi singawehlisi? Ngoba izikhawu ezakhiwe phansi zifana nokuboniswa esibukweni, ngakho-ke zonke izenzo kufanele zenziwe ngokuphambene.

Bangane abathandekayo, uma usuqedile ukuzivocavoca okuhlongozwayo, khona-ke umuhle nje! Ufunde okuningi, kodwa lokhu kumane kuyisiqalo, ukujwayelana kokuqala ngezikhawu. Izikhawu ezikuleli fomu ngokuvamile zenzeka emabangeni 1-2 ezikole zomculo, bese yonke into iba nzima nakakhulu. Futhi sikumema ukuthi uhambe nathi ngolwazi olusha.

Kulezi zindaba ezilandelayo, uzofunda mayelana nokuthi liyini inani nekhwalithi yesikhawu, kuyini ukuguqulwa nokuthi ungathola kanjani ukuncishiswa nokwenyuka kwezikhawu. Sizobonana maduze!