Yiziphi izinhlobo zomculo ezikhona?

Ngokushesha siyakuxwayisa ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuphendula esihlokweni esisodwa umbuzo wokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zomculo ezikhona. Kuwo wonke umlando womculo, izinhlobo eziningi zomculo ziye zanqwabelana kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuzilinganisa nge-yardstick: i-chorale, i-romance, i-cantata, i-waltz, i-symphony, i-ballet, i-opera, i-prelude, njll.

Sekungamashumi eminyaka, izazi zomculo zizama ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zomculo (ngokwesimo sokuqukethwe, ngomsebenzi, isibonelo). Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sigxile ku-typology, ake sicacise wona kanye umqondo wohlobo.

Luyini uhlobo lomculo?

Uhlobo luhlobo lwemodeli lapho umculo othile uhlotshaniswa khona. Inezimo ezithile zokwenziwa, inhloso, uhlobo kanye nemvelo yokuqukethwe. Ngakho-ke, inhloso ye-lullaby ukuthulisa ingane, ngakho-ke amazwi "enyakazayo" nesigqi sesici sijwayelekile kuso; ngoMashi - zonke izindlela zomculo ezizwakalayo ziguqulelwa isinyathelo esicacile.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomculo: ukuhlukaniswa

Ukuhlukaniswa okulula kwezinhlobo kusekelwe endleleni yokwenza. Lawa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:

• insimbi (mashi, i-waltz, i-etude, i-sonata, i-fugue, i-symphony)
• izinhlobo zezwi (i-aria, ingoma, ezothando, i-cantata, i-opera, umculo).

Enye i-typology yezinhlobo ihlobene nendawo yokusebenza. Ngeka-A. Sokhor, usosayensi othi kunezinhlobo zomculo:

• isiko nehlelo (amahubo, inqwaba, i-requiem) - abonakala ngezithombe ezijwayelekile, ukubusa komgomo wamakhwaya nomoya ofanayo phakathi kweningi labalaleli;
• inqwaba yabantu (izinhlobonhlobo zezingoma, imashi nomdanso: i-polka, i-waltz, i-ragtime, i-ballad, iculo) - ebonakala ngendlela elula namaphimbo ajwayelekile;
• izinhlobo zekhonsathi (i-oratorio, i-sonata, i-quartet, i-symphony) - ngokuvamile eyenziwa ehholo lekhonsathi, ithoni yezwi njengokuziveza kombhali;
• izinhlobo zetiyetha (zomculo, i-opera, i-ballet) - zidinga isenzo, isakhiwo kanye nendawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo ngokwalo lungahlukaniswa lube ezinye izinhlobo. Ngakho, i-opera seria (“serious” opera) kanye ne-opera buffa (yamahlaya) nazo ziyizinhlobo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-opera, ezibuye zakha izinhlobo ezintsha (i-lyric opera, i-epic opera, i-operetta, njll.)

Amagama ezinhlobo

Ungabhala incwadi yonke mayelana namagama ezinhlobo zomculo nokuthi avela kanjani. Amagama angasho ngomlando wohlobo: isibonelo, igama lomdanso elithi "kryzhachok" libangelwa ukuthi abadansi babekwe esiphambanweni (kusuka ku-Belarusian "kryzh" - cross). I-Nocturne ("ubusuku" - ehunyushwe kusukela ku-French) yenziwa ebusuku emoyeni ovulekile. Amanye amagama asuka emagameni ezinsimbi (fanfare, musette), amanye ezingomeni (Marseillaise, Camarina).

Ngokuvamile umculo uthola igama lohlobo lapho udluliselwa kwenye indawo: isibonelo, umdanso wesintu uye ku-ballet. Kodwa futhi kwenzeka ngenye indlela: umqambi uthatha ingqikithi ethi "Izinkathi" futhi abhale umsebenzi, bese le ngqikithi iba uhlobo olunefomu elithile (izinkathi ezi-4 njengezingxenye ezingu-4) kanye nohlobo lokuqukethwe.

Esikhundleni sesiphetho

Uma ukhuluma ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zomculo ezikhona, umuntu akanakuhluleka ukusho iphutha elivamile. Kukhona ukudideka emiqondweni lapho izitayela ezifana ne-classical, rock, jazz, hip-hop zibizwa ngezinhlobo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lapha ukuthi uhlobo luhlelo okusekelwe kulo imisebenzi eyenziwayo, futhi isitayela kunalokho sibonisa izici zolimi lomculo lokudala.

Umbhali - u-Alexandra Ramm