Igor Borisovich Markevich |

Igor Markevitch

Umqhubi waseFrance nomqambi wemvelaphi yaseRussia. "Akunakwenzeka ukudlala kangcono kunomlobi" - lesi siqubulo sika-Igor Markevich, umqhubi nothisha, abajwayelene kahle nabaculi baseSoviet nabathandi bomculo. Lokhu kwanikeza futhi kuyaqhubeka ukunikeza abanye abalaleli isizathu sokuhlambalaza uMarkevich ngenxa yobuntu bakhe obungasho lutho, ngenxa yokuntula okwakhe esiteji, ngenxa yezinhloso ezeqile. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuningi kwezobuciko bakhe kubonisa ukuthambekela kwesici ekuthuthukisweni kobuciko bemidlalo yezinsuku zethu. Lokhu kwaphawulwa ngokufanelekile uG. Neuhaus, owabhala: “Kimina kubonakala sengathi ungowalolo hlobo lomqhubi wesimanje lowo umsebenzi nabadlali bawo, okungukuthi, amalungu e- orchestra ne- orchestra, ababaluleke ngaphezu kwakhe, ukuthi ngokuyinhloko uyinceku yobuciko, hhayi umbusi, umashiqela. Lokhu kuziphatha kungokwesimanje kakhulu. Isikhathi lapho ama-titans obuciko bomqhubi wesikhathi esidlule, ngokombono wezemfundo ekhanyiselwe ("umuntu kufanele aqale enze kahle"), ngezinye izikhathi azivumele inkululeko - avele abeke phansi umqambi entandweni yakhe yokudala - ngaleso sikhathi. akasekho ... Ngakho-ke, ngibeka uMarkevich phakathi kwabadlali abangafuni ukubukisa, kodwa abazibheka “njengabokuqala phakathi kwabalinganayo” ku-orchestra. Ukwamukela abantu abaningi ngokomoya - futhi uMarkevich uyazi ngokuqinisekile lobu buciko - buhlala buwubufakazi bamasiko amakhulu, ithalente nokuhlakanipha.

Izikhathi eziningi phakathi 60s, umdwebi wenza e-USSR, njalo ekholisa kithi ukuguquguquka kanye yonke indawo yobuciko bakhe. “UMarkevich uyiciko elisebenza ngezindlela eziningi. Silalele izinhlelo ezingaphezu kolulodwa zekhonsathi ezenziwa nguye, nokho kuzoba nzima ukunquma ngokugcwele ukuzwela kombhidisi ngobuciko. Ngempela: yisiphi inkathi, isitayela sikabani esiseduze nomculi? Okwakudala kwe-Viennese noma ama-romantics, ama-French impressionists noma umculo wesimanje? Ukuphendula le mibuzo akulula. Wavela phambi kwethu njengomunye wotolika abangcono kakhulu be-Beethoven iminyaka eminingi, washiya umbono ongenakucimeka ngokuhumusha kwakhe i-Brahms' Fourth Symphony, egcwele uthando nenhlekelele. Futhi ingabe incazelo yakhe ye-Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring izolibaleka, lapho yonke into ibonakala igcwele amajusi anikeza ukuphila emvelo evusayo, lapho amandla okuqala kanye nesiphithiphithi semidanso yemikhuba yobuqaba kubonakala kubo bonke ubuhle babo basendle? Ngamafuphi, uMarkevich yilowo mculi ongavamile osondela kumaphuzu ngamunye njengokungathi ingoma yakhe ayithandayo, ubeka umphefumulo wakhe wonke, lonke ithalenta lakhe kuwo. " Yile ndlela umgxeki u-V. Timokhin achaze ngayo isithombe sikaMarkevich.

UMarkevich wazalelwa eKyiv emndenini waseRussia osondelene nomculo izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Okhokho bakhe babengabangane bakaGlinka, futhi umqambi omkhulu wake wasebenza endaweni yabo esenzweni sesibili sika-Ivan Susanin. Ngokwemvelo, kamuva, ngemva kokuba umndeni uthuthele eParis ngo-1914, futhi ukusuka lapho waya eSwitzerland, umculi wesikhathi esizayo wakhuliswa ngomoya wokuncoma isiko lezwe lakubo.

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uyise washona, futhi umkhaya wawusesimweni esinzima ngokwezimali. Umama akazange abe nethuba lokunikeza indodana yakhe, eyabonisa ithalente kusenesikhathi, imfundo yomculo. Kodwa umdlali wopiyano ophawulekayo u-Alfred Cortot wezwa ngephutha enye yezingoma zakhe zokuqala futhi wasiza unina ukuba athumele u-Igor eParis, lapho aba khona uthisha wakhe wepiyano. UMarkevich wafunda ukwakheka noNadia Boulanger. Wabe esedonsa ukunaka kukaDiaghilev, owamthuma imisebenzi eminingi, kuhlanganise nekhonsathi yepiyano, eyenziwa ngo-1929.

Kuphela ngo-1933, ngemva kokuthatha izifundo eziningana kuHerman Scherchen, uMarkevich ekugcineni wanquma ukubizwa kwakhe njengomqhubi ngeseluleko sakhe: ngaphambi kwalokho, wayeqhuba imisebenzi yakhe kuphela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ubelokhu ecula namakhonsathi futhi ngokushesha wangena ezinhlwini zabaqhubi abakhulu emhlabeni. Phakathi neminyaka yempi, umculi washiya umsebenzi wakhe awuthandayo ukuze abambe iqhaza ekulweni ne-fascism ezinhlwini ze-French Resistance yase-Italy. Esikhathini sangemva kwempi, umsebenzi wakhe wokudala ufinyelela umvuthwandaba wawo. Uhola ama-orchestra amakhulu eNgilandi, eCanada, eJalimane, eSwitzerland futhi ikakhulukazi eFrance, lapho esebenza khona njalo.

Muva nje, uMarkevich waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa, eqhuba izifundo ezihlukahlukene namasemina abaqhubi abasha; ngo-1963 waqondisa umhlangano ofanayo eMoscow. Ngo-1960, uhulumeni waseFrance waklonyeliswa uMarkevich, ngaleso sikhathi owayeyinhloko ye-orchestra yeLamoureux Concerts, isihloko esithi "Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters". Ngakho waba umculi wokuqala ongeyena umFulentshi ukuthola lo mklomelo; yena-ke usephenduke enye yezindondo eziningi eziklonyeliswe yilo mculi ongakhathali.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969