Luigi Marchesi |

Luigi Marchesi

UMarchesi ungomunye wabaculi bokugcina abadumile be-castrato basekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. UStendhal encwadini yakhe ethi "Rome, Naples, Florence" wambiza ngokuthi "Bernini emculweni". "U-Marchesi wayenezwi le-timbre ethambile, indlela ye-virtuoso coloratura," kuphawula u-SM Grishchenko. “Ukucula kwakhe bekuhlukaniswa ngomculo ohloniphekile, nocashile.”

U-Luigi Lodovico Marchesi (Marchesini) wazalwa ngo-August 8, 1754 eMilan, indodana yomdlali wecilongo. Waqale wafunda ukudlala uphondo lokuzingela. Kamuva, ngemva kokuthuthela eModena, wafundela uthisha uCaironi kanye nomculi u-O. Albuzzi. Ngo-1765, uLuigi waba yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-alievo musico soprano (junior soprano castrato) eMilan Cathedral.

Umculi osemusha wenza i-debut yakhe ngo-1774 enhloko-dolobha yase-Italy ePergolesi's opera Maid-Mistress nengxenye yesifazane. Ngokusobala, ngempumelelo kakhulu, kusukela ngonyaka olandelayo e-Florence waphinda wenza indima yowesifazane ku-opera ka-Bianchi uCastor no-Pollux. U-Marchesi uphinde wacula izindima zabesifazane kuma-opera ka-P. Anfossi, L. Alessandri, P.-A. Guglielmi. Eminyakeni embalwa ngemva komunye umdlalo, kwakuseFlorence lapho uKelly abhala khona: “Ngacula ingoma kaBianchi ethi Sembianza amabile del mio bel sole emnandi kakhulu; kwelinye isiqephu se-chromatic waphakamisa i-octave yamanothi e-chromatic, futhi inothi lokugcina lalinamandla amakhulu futhi linamandla kangangokuthi labizwa ngokuthi ibhomu likaMarchesi.

U-Kelly unokunye ukubuyekezwa kwendlela acula ngayo lo mculi wase-Italy ngemva kokubuka i-Olympiad kaMyslivecek eNaples: “Ukuveza kwakhe, umuzwa kanye nokwenza kwakhe ku-aria enhle ethi 'se Cerca, se Dice' kwakungenakunconywa.”

U-Marchesi wathola udumo olukhulu ngokudlala etiyetha yaseMilan iLa Scala ngo-1779, lapho ngonyaka olandelayo ukunqoba kwakhe ku-Armida kaMyslivechek kwaklonyeliswa ngendondo yesiliva ye-Academy.

Ngo-1782, eTurin, uMarchesi wazuza impumelelo enkulu ku-Triumph of the World kaBianchi. Uba ngumculi wasesigodlweni weNkosi yaseSardinia. Umculi unelungelo lomholo omuhle wonyaka - 1500 Piedmontese lire. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uvunyelwe ukuvakashela phesheya izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye zonyaka. Ngo-1784, eTurin efanayo, "umculo" wabamba iqhaza ekuculweni kokuqala kwe-opera ethi "Artaxerxes" kaCimarosa.

“Ngo-1785, waze wafika ngisho naseSt. Petersburg,” kubhala u-E. Harriot encwadini yakhe ephathelene nabaculi be-castrato, “kodwa, ethuswa isimo sezulu sendawo, wasuka ngokushesha waya eVienna, lapho achitha khona iminyaka emithathu eyalandela; ngo-1788 wenza ngempumelelo enkulu eLondon. Lo mculi waduma ngokunqoba kwakhe izinhliziyo zabesifazane futhi wadala ihlazo lapho uMaria Cosway, umka-miniaturist, emshiyela umyeni wakhe nezingane futhi waqala ukumlandela kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Wabuyela ekhaya kuphela ngo-1795.

Ukufika kukaMarchesi eLondon kwavusa umunyu. Ngobusuku bokuqala, ukucula kwakhe akuzange kuqale ngenxa yomsindo nokudideka okwakubusa ehholo. Umthandi womculo wamaNgisi odumile uLord Mount Egdcombe uyabhala: “Ngalesi sikhathi, uMarchesi wayeyinsizwa ebukekayo, enomzimba omuhle futhi enyakaza kamnandi. Ukudlala kwakhe kwakungokomoya futhi kuzwakalisa, amakhono akhe ezwi ayengenamkhawulo, iphimbo lakhe lalihlaba umxhwele, nakuba laliyisithulu kancane. Uyidlale kahle indima yakhe, kodwa wanikeza isithombe sokuthi wayezincoma kakhulu; ngaphandle kwalokho, wayengcono kuziqephu ze-bravura kune-cantabile. Ezigcawini eziphindaphindayo, ezinomfutho nezinogqozi, wayengenakho okulinganayo, futhi uma engazibophezele kancane kuma-melismas, angafanelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi uma enokunambitheka okuhlanzekile nokulula, ukusebenza kwakhe bekungeke kulunge: kunoma yikuphi, ulungile. njalo ephila, ekhazimulayo futhi ekhanyayo. . Ngokuqala kwakhe, wakhetha i-opera ebukekayo ka-Sarti uJulius Sabin, lapho wonke ama-arias we-protagonist (futhi kukhona amaningi, futhi ahlukahlukene kakhulu) ahlukaniswa ngokugqama okuhle kakhulu. Wonke lawa ma-arias ajwayelekile kimi, ngawazwa enziwa uPacchierotti kusihlwa endlini yangasese, futhi manje ngangikhumbula inkulumo yakhe emnene, ikakhulukazi endaweni yokugcina edabukisayo. Kimina kwabonakala sengathi isitayela sikaMarchesi esigqame ngokweqile silimaza ubulula babo. Uma ngiqhathanisa laba baculi, angizange ngimthande uMarchesi njengoba ngangimkhonze ngaphambili, eMantua noma kweminye imidlalo ye-opera yalapha eLondon. Wamukelwa ngenhlokomo evala izindlebe.”

Enhloko-dolobha yaseNgilandi, okuwukuphela komncintiswano wobungani wabaculi ababili abadumile be-castrato, uMarchesi noPacchierotti, kwenzeka ekhonsathini yangasese endlini yeNkosi Buckingham.

Ngasekupheleni kohambo lwalo mculi, elinye lamaphephandaba esiNgisi labhala: “Izolo kusihlwa, ONgangezwe Lazo Namakhosazana bahloniphe i-opera ngokuba khona kwabo. I-Marchesi kwaba yindaba yabo, futhi iqhawe, ngokukhuthazwa ukuba khona kweNkantolo, lazidlula. Muva nje useluleme kakhulu ekuthandeni kwakhe ukuhloba ngokweqile. Usabonisa esiteji izimangaliso zokuzibophezela kwakhe kwisayensi, kodwa hhayi ukulimaza ubuciko, ngaphandle kwemihlobiso engadingekile. Nokho, ukuvumelana komsindo kusho okuningi endlebeni njengokuvumelana kombukwane emehlweni; lapho ikhona, ingapheleliswa, kodwa uma ingekho, yonke imizamo iyoba yize. Maye, ngathi uMarchesi akanakho ukuzwana okunjalo.”

Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka uMarchesi usengomunye wabaculi abadume kakhulu e-Italy. Futhi abalaleli babekulungele ukuthethelela ama-virtuosos abo kakhulu. Ingabe kungenxa yokuthi ngaleso sikhathi abaculi babekwazi ukubeka phambili noma yiziphi izimfuno ezingenangqondo. UMarchesi “uphumelele” nakulo mkhakha. Nakhu okubhala u-E. Harriot: “UMarchesi waphikelela ngokuthi kufanele avele esiteji, ehle egqumeni egibele ihhashi, ehlale egqoke isigqoko esinemibala ehlukahlukene esingaphansi kwegceke ukuphakama. Abalandeli noma amacilongo kwakuzomemezela ukuhamba kwakhe, futhi ingxenye yayizoqala ngenye yezintandokazi zakhe - ngokuvamile "Mia speranza, io pur vorrei", uSarti ambhalela ngokukhethekile - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indima edlalwayo kanye nesimo esihlongozwayo. Abaculi abaningi babenezibizo ezinjengalezi; babebizwa ngokuthi “arie di baule” – “suitcase arias” - ngenxa yokuthi abadlali basuke besuka eshashalazini baya endaweni yeshashalazi.

U-Vernon Lee uyabhala: “Ingxenye yomphakathi eyayingenangqondo kakhulu yayizixoxela nokudansa futhi ikhulekelwa . . . umelane ne "Corsican Gaul" - umnqobi, okungenani kanye nengoma.

Kukhona ukubhekisela lapha ku-1796, lapho uMarchesi enqaba ukukhuluma noNapoleon eMilan. Lokho, nokho, akuzange kumvimbe uMarchesi kamuva, ngo-1800, ngemva kweMpi yaseMarengo, ukuba abe phambili kulabo abamukela umdlwenguli.

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, u-Marchesi wenza umdlalo wakhe wokuqala e-San Benedetto Theatre e-Venice ku-opera ka-Tarki ethi The Apotheosis of Hercules. Lapha, eVenice, kunombango waphakade phakathi kukaMarchesi kanye neprima donna yesiPutukezi uDonna Luisa Todi, owacula e-San Samuele Theatre. Imininingwane yalokhu kuqhudelana ingatholakala encwadini ye-1790 evela ku-Venetian Zagurri eya kumngane wakhe uCasanova: "Basho okuncane mayelana nemidlalo yaseshashalazini entsha (La Fenice. - Approx. Auth.), Isihloko esiyinhloko sezakhamuzi zawo wonke amakilasi ubuhlobo phakathi kukaTodi noMarchesi; ukukhuluma ngalokhu ngeke kunciphe kuze kube sekupheleni kwezwe, ngoba izindaba ezinjalo ziqinisa kuphela inyunyana yokungenzi lutho nokungabalulekile.

Futhi nansi enye incwadi evela kuye, eyabhalwa ngemva konyaka: "Banyathelisa i-caricature ngesitayela sesiNgisi, lapho i-Todi iboniswa khona ngokunqoba, futhi i-Marchesi iboniswa othulini. Noma yimiphi imigqa ebhalwe ekuzivikeleni kukaMarchesi ihlanekezelwa noma isuswe yisinqumo se-Bestemmia (inkantolo ekhethekile yokulwa nendebe. – Approx. Aut.). Noma yimuphi umbhedo okhazimulisa u-Todi wamukelekile, njengoba engaphansi kwe-Damone ne-Kaz.

Kuze kwafika lapho kwaqala ukusabalala amahlebezi ngokushona kwalo mculi. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukucasula nokwethusa uMarchesi. Ngakho elinye iphephandaba lesiNgisi lango-1791 labhala: “Izolo, kwamukelwe ukwaziswa ngokufa komdlali ovelele eMilan. Kuthiwa waba yisisulu somona wesikhulu sase-Italy, umkakhe okwakusolakala ukuthi wayeyithanda kakhulu i-nightingale eneshwa ... Kubikwa ukuthi imbangela eqondile yale shwa kwakuwushevu, owethulwe ngobuchule nobuhlakani base-Italy kuphela.

Naphezu kobuqili bezitha, uMarchesi wenza edolobheni lemisele iminyaka eminingana. NgoSepthemba 1794, uZagurri wabhala: “UMarchesi kufanele acule kule sizini eFenice, kodwa inkundla yeshashalazi yakhiwe kabi kangangokuthi le sizini ngeke ihlale isikhathi eside. I-Marchesi izobabiza ama-sequin angu-3200.”

Ngo-1798, kule midlalo yaseshashalazini, "Muziko" wahlabelela opera Zingarelli negama ongaziwa "Caroline futhi Mexico", futhi wenza ingxenye engaqondakali Mexico.

Ngo-1801, i-Teatro Nuovo yavulwa e-Trieste, lapho uMarchesi acula khona ngo-Mayr's Ginevra Scottish. Umculi waqeda umsebenzi wakhe wokudlala ngesizini 1805/06, futhi kuze kube yileso sikhathi waqhubeka ukusebenza ngempumelelo e-Milan. Ukusebenza komphakathi kokugcina kukaMarchesi kwenzeka ngo-1820 eNaples.

Izindima zikaMarchesi ezihamba phambili zabesilisa be-soprano zihlanganisa u-Armida (Mysliveček's Armida), Ezio (Alessandri's Ezio), Giulio, Rinaldo (Giulio Sabino kaSarti, Armida kanye noRinaldo), Achilles (Achilles on Skyros) yebo Capua).

Umculi washona ngoDisemba 14, 1829 e-Inzago, eduze kwaseMilan.