Giuseppe Giacomini |
Giuseppe Giacomini
Igama elithi Giuseppe Giacomini laziwa kakhulu emhlabeni we-opera. Lokhu akuyona nje eyodwa edume kakhulu, kodwa futhi i-tenors engavamile kakhulu, ngenxa yezwi elimnyama, elimnyama. U-Giacomini ungumdlali odumile wendima enzima kaDon Alvaro ku-Verdi ethi The Force of Destiny. Umculi weza ngokuphindaphindiwe eRussia, lapho ehlabelela kokubili ekusebenzeni (Mariinsky Theatre) nasemakhonsathini. U-Giancarlo Landini uxoxa no-Giuseppe Giacomini.
Ulithole kanjani izwi lakho?
Ngiyakhumbula ukuthi izwi lami lalihlale linesithakazelo, ngisho nalapho ngisemncane kakhulu. Umqondo wokusebenzisa amathuba ami okwenza umsebenzi wangithatha ngineminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye. Ngolunye usuku ngagibela ibhasi neqembu siya eVerona siyolalela i-opera e-Arena. Eceleni kwami kwakunguGaetano Berto, isitshudeni sezomthetho kamuva owaba ummeli odumile. Ngacula. Uyamangala. Nginentshisekelo ezwini lami. Uthi ngidinga ukufunda. Umkhaya wakhe ocebile unginikeza usizo oluphathekayo ukuze ngingene endaweni yokugcina izingane ePadua. Ngaleyo minyaka, ngangifunda futhi ngisebenze ngesikhathi esifanayo. Wayenguweta eGabicce, eduze kwaseRimini, esebenza efektri kashukela.
Intsha enzima kangaka, yayibaluleke ngani ekubunjweni kwakho siqu?
Enkulu kakhulu. Ngingasho ukuthi ngiyayazi impilo nabantu. Ngiyaqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukusebenza, umzamo, ngiyazi ukubaluleka kwemali, ubumpofu kanye nengcebo. Nginomlingiswa onzima. Ngokuvamile ngangingaqondwa kahle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nginenkani, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngithambekele ekungeneni, i-melancholy. Lezi zimfanelo zami zivame ukudideka nokungazethembi. Ukuhlola okunjalo kube nomthelela ebudlelwaneni bami nezwe lethiyetha ...
Sekuphele cishe iminyaka eyishumi kusukela ekuqaleni kwakho kuze kube yilapho uduma. Yiziphi izizathu “zokuqeqeshwa” okude kangaka?
Iminyaka eyishumi ngilungise umthwalo wami wezobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kwangivumela ukuba ngihlele umsebenzi osezingeni eliphezulu. Ngichithe iminyaka eyishumi ngizikhulula ethonyeni lothisha bokucula nokuqonda uhlobo lwensimbi yami. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi ngilulekwa ukuba ngilulaze izwi lami, ngilulaze, ngilahle umbala we-baritone owuphawu lwezwi lami. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngabona ukuthi kufanele ngisebenzise lo mbala futhi ngithole okuthile okusha ngesisekelo sawo. Kumele azikhulule ekulingiseni amamodeli ayingozi afana neDel Monaco. Kufanele ngibheke ukwesekwa kwemisindo yami, indawo yayo, ukukhiqizwa komsindo ofaneleka kakhudlwana kimi. Ngaqaphela ukuthi uthisha weqiniso womculi nguye osiza ekutholeni umsindo ongokwemvelo kakhulu, okwenza usebenze ngokuhambisana nedatha yemvelo, ongasebenzisi imibono eyaziwa kakade kumculi, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezwi. I-maestro yangempela ingumculi ocashile odonsela ukunaka kwakho emisindweni engavumelani, ukushiyeka emishwaneni, exwayisa ngodlame olumelene nemvelo yakho, ekufundisa ukusebenzisa imisipha esebenzela ukukhishwa ngendlela efanele.
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakho, yimiphi imisindo eyayivele "kulungile" futhi yikuphi, ngokuphambene nalokho, okwakudingeka kusetshenzwe?
Maphakathi nendawo, okungukuthi, ukusuka phakathi "kuya" kuye ku-"G" kanye nokuthi "A flat", izwi lami lalisebenza. Imisindo yezinguquko ngokuvamile yayilungile futhi. Nokho, isipiliyoni singiholele esiphethweni sokuthi kuyasiza ukuhambisa isiqalo sendawo yoshintsho siye ku-D. Uma ulungiselela ngokucophelela uguquko, luba ngokwemvelo ngokwengeziwe. Uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, uhlehlisa, gcina umsindo uvuliwe "F", kukhona ubunzima ngamanothi aphezulu. Obekungaphelele ezwini lami kwakungamanothi aphezulu kakhulu, u-B no-C omsulwa. Ukuze ngicule la manothi, “ngacindezela” futhi ngabheka indawo yawo phezulu. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho, ngabona ukuthi amanothi aphezulu akhululwa uma ukusekelwa kuhanjiswe phansi. Lapho ngifunda ukugcina i-diaphragm iphansi ngangokunokwenzeka, imisipha emphinjeni wami yakhululeka, futhi kwaba lula ngami ukufinyelela amanothi aphezulu. Baphinde baba ngomculo kakhulu, futhi bafana neminye imisindo yezwi lami. Le mizamo yobuchwepheshe yasiza ukuvumelanisa isimo esimangalisayo sezwi lami nesidingo sokucula ngokuphefumula kanye nokuthambile kokukhiqizwa komsindo.
Imaphi ama-opera e-Verdi afanele izwi lakho?
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, i-Force of Destiny. Ingokomoya lika-Alvaro liyavumelana nobuqili bami, nokuthanda ukudangala. Nginethezekile nge-tessitura yephathi. Lokhu ikakhulukazi i-tessitura emaphakathi, kodwa imigqa yayo ihluke kakhulu, iphinde ithinte indawo yamanothi aphezulu. Lokhu kusiza umphimbo ukubalekela ukushuba. Isimo sihluke ngokuphelele kuleso lapho umuntu azithola kufanele enze iziqephu ezithile ezivela ku-Rustic honor, i-tessitura yayo egxilwe phakathi kuka-“mi” no-“sol”. Lokhu kwenza umphimbo ube lukhuni. Angiyithandi i-tessitura yengxenye ka-Manrico ku-Troubadour. Uvame ukusebenzisa ingxenye engenhla yezwi lakhe, esiza ukushintsha indawo evumelana nomzimba wami. Ukushiya eceleni isifuba C ku-cabaletta Di quella pira, ingxenye kaManrico iyisibonelo sohlobo lwe-tessitura enzima endaweni engaphezulu yezwi lami. I-tessitura yengxenye ye-Radames ikhohlisa kakhulu, okuthi phakathi nenkathi ye-opera iqondise izwi le-tenor ezivivinyweni ezinzima.
Isekhona inkinga ka-Othello. Isitayela sephimbo sengxenye yalo mlingiswa asidingi i-baritone overtones njengoba kuvame ukukholelwa. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuze ucule i-Othello, udinga i-sonority abaningi abangenayo. Ukuphimisa kudinga ukubhala kwe-Verdi. Ake ngikukhumbuze nokuthi namuhla abaqhubi abaningi bavame ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kwe-orchestra e-Othello, okwenza "i-avalanche yomsindo" wangempela. Lokhu kungeza izinselele kunoma yiliphi izwi, ngisho nelinamandla kakhulu. Ingxenye ye-Othello ingaculwa ngesizotha kuphela ngomqhubi oqonda izidingo zezwi.
Ungakwazi yini ukusho umqhubi obeke izwi lakho esimweni esifanele nesivumayo?
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, Zubin Meta. Wakwazi ukugcizelela isithunzi sezwi lami, futhi wangizungeza ngalokho kuzola, ububele, ithemba, okwangivumela ukuba ngiveze imizwa yami ngendlela engcono kakhulu. I-Meta iyazi ukuthi ukucula kunezici zakhona ezedlula izici zephilological zesikolo kanye nezinkomba ze-metronomic ze-tempo. Ngikhumbula ukuzilolonga kweTosca eFlorence. Lapho sifika ku-aria ethi “E lucevan le stelle”, umpetha wacela i-orchestra ukuthi ingilandele, igcizelela ukuzwakala kokucula futhi inginika ithuba lokulandela umusho kaPuccini. Nabanye abaqhubi, ngisho nabavelele kakhulu, kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kungu-Tosca lapho ngixhume khona izinkumbulo ezingajabulisi kakhulu zabaqhubi, ukuqina, ukungaguquguquki okuvimbele izwi lami ukuthi likhulunywe ngokugcwele.
Ukubhala ngezwi likaPuccini kanye nokubhala kwezwi kuka-Verdi: ungakuqhathanisa?
Isitayela sezwi sikaPuccini sidonsa izwi lami ngokuzenzakalelayo ekuculeni, umugqa kaPuccini ugcwele amandla omculo, ahambisana nokucula, aqondise futhi enze okungokwemvelo ukuqhuma kwemizwelo. Ukubhala kukaVerdi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudinga ukudingidwa okwengeziwe. Ukuboniswa kwemvelo nokuvela kwesitayela sezwi sikaPuccini kuqukethwe esiphethweni sesenzo sesithathu seTurandot. Kusukela kumanothi okuqala, umphimbo we-tenor uthola ukuthi okubhaliwe kushintshile, ukuthi ukuguquguquka okwakubonisa izigcawu zangaphambili akusekho, ukuthi u-Alfano akakwazanga, noma wayengafuni, ukusebenzisa isitayela sikaPuccini ku-duet yokugcina, indlela yakhe yokwenza. amazwi ayacula, angenakulinganiswa.
Phakathi kwama-opera ka-Puccini, yimaphi aseduze nawe?
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, Intombazane evela eNtshonalanga futhi eminyakeni yamuva iTurandot. Ingxenye ye-Calaf inobuqili kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esenzweni sesibili, lapho ukubhalwa kwephimbo kugxile kakhulu endaweni engaphezulu yezwi. Kukhona ingozi yokuthi umphimbo uzoba nzima futhi ungangeni esimweni sokukhululwa lapho kufika umzuzu we-aria "Nessun dorma". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akungabazeki ukuthi lo mlingiswa mkhulu futhi uletha ukwaneliseka okukhulu.
Imaphi ama-verist opera owakhethayo?
Ababili: uPagliacci no-André Chenier. I-Chenier yindima engaletha i-tenor ukwaneliseka okukhulu kakhulu okunganikezwa umsebenzi. Le ngxenye isebenzisa kokubili irejista yezwi ephansi kanye namanothi aphezulu kakhulu. U-Chenier unakho konke: i-dramatic tenor, i-lyrical tenor, ukuphindaphinda kwe-tribune esenzweni sesithathu, ukuthululwa kwemizwelo okuvuthayo, njengengoma eyodwa ethi "Come un bel di di maggio".
Uyazisola ngokuthi awuculanga kweminye imidlalo ye-opera, futhi uyazisola ngokuthi ucule kweminye?
Ngizoqala ngale okwakungafanele ngidlale kuyo: iMedea, ngo-1978 eGeneva. Isitayela sezwi seCherubini esineqhwa asilethi ukwaneliseka ezwini elifana nelami, kanye ne-tenor enesimo esifana nesami. Ngiyazisola ngokuthi angiculanga ngoSamsoni noDelila. Nganikezwa le ndima ngesikhathi ngingenaso isikhathi sokuyifunda kahle. Alisekho ithuba elivelayo. Ngicabanga ukuthi umphumela ungaba mnandi.
Imaphi amatiyetha owathanda kakhulu?
I-Subway eNew York. Izilaleli lapho zangivuza ngempela ngemizamo yami. Ngeshwa, amasizini amathathu, kusukela ngo-1988 kuya ku-1990, uLevine nethimba lakhe abazange banginike ithuba lokuzibonakalisa ngendlela engangifaneleka ngayo. Wancamela ukuphathisa abaculi abavelele kunami imidlalo yokuqala ebalulekile, engishiya ethunzini. Lokhu kwanquma isinqumo sami sokuzama mina kwezinye izindawo. Ku-Vienna Opera, ngiphumelele futhi ngaqashelwa kakhulu. Ekugcineni, ngingathanda ukusho imfudumalo emangalisayo yezilaleli zaseTokyo, idolobha lapho ngathola khona ukuhalalisela kwangempela. Ngikhumbula ihlombe enginikezwe lona ngemuva kokuthi "Ukuthuthukiswa" ku-Andre Chenier, okungakaze kwenziwe enhlokodolobha yaseJapane kusukela eDel Monaco.
Kuthiwani ngezinkundla zase-Italy?
Nginezinkumbulo ezinhle ngezinye zazo. E-Bellini Theatre eCatania phakathi kuka-1978 no-1982 ngaqala ukudlala indima ebalulekile. Umphakathi waseSicily wangamukela ngemfudumalo. Isizini e-Arena di Verona ngo-1989 yaba yinhle kakhulu. Ngangisesimweni esihle futhi ukudlala njengoba uDon Alvaro kwakuphakathi kwephumelele kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, kufanele ngikhononde ngokuthi angizange ngibe nobudlelwane obuqine kangaka nezinkundla zeshashalazi zase-Italy njengoba nginabo nezinye izinkundla zeshashalazi nezinye izethameli.
Ingxoxo no-Giuseppe Giacomini eshicilelwe kumagazini we-l'opera. Ukushicilelwa nokuhumusha okuvela ku-Italian ngu-Irina Sorokina.
I-Debut 1970 (i-Vercelli, ingxenye ye-Pinkerton). Ucule ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini yase-Italy, kusukela ngo-1974 edlala eLa Scala. Kusukela ngo-1976 eMetropolitan Opera (yaqala njengo-Alvaro ku-Verdi's The Force of Destiny, phakathi kwezinye izingxenye zeMacduff eMacbeth, 1982). Ucule kaningi emkhosini we-Arena di Verona (phakathi kwezingxenye ezihamba phambili zeRadamès, 1982). Ngo-1986, wenza ingxenye ye-Othello eSan Diego ngempumelelo enkulu. Imidlalo yakamuva ihlanganisa i-Manrico e-Vienna Opera kanye ne-Calaf e-Covent Garden (kokubili ngo-1996). Phakathi kwezingxenye kukhona noLohengrin, uNero kwekaMonteverdi ethi The Coronation of Poppea, Cavaradossi, Dick Johnson in The Girl from the West, njll. Phakathi kokurekhodiwe kwengxenye yePollio eNorma (dir. Levine, Sony), Cavaradossi (dir. Muti, Phiips).
E. Tsodokov, 1999
