I-Bagpipe: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, ukuthi izwakala kanjani, umlando, izinhlobo

I-bagpipe ingenye yezinsimbi zomculo zoqobo eziqanjwe ngumuntu. Ngokwesiko, igama layo lihlotshaniswa neScotland, nakuba ukuhlukahluka kwe-bagpipe kutholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu ngisho nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia.

Yini i-bagpipe

I-bagpipe ingeyeqembu lezinsimbi zomculo zomoya womhlanga. Kubukeka njengesikhwama esinamashubhu aphuma ngokungahleliwe (imvamisa izingcezu ezi-2-3), ngaphakathi esifakwe izilimi. Ngaphandle kwamashubhu, ezinhlobonhlobo zemisindo, kungase kube nezihluthulelo, izinsimbi.

Kwenza ukubhoboza, imisindo yamakhala - izwakala kude. Ukude, izwi le-bagpipe lifana nokucula komuntu. Abanye babheka umsindo wayo njengomlingo, okwazi ukuba nomthelela omuhle enhlalakahleni.

Ububanzi be-bagpipe bunqunyelwe: ama-octave angu-1-2 kuphela atholakalayo. Kunzima kakhulu ukudlala, ngakho-ke ngaphambili kwakungamadoda kuphela ayengabashayi bepayipi. Muva nje, abesifazane nabo babambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwethuluzi.

Idivayisi ye-Bagpipe

Ukwakheka kwethuluzi limi kanje:

• Ithangi lesitoreji. Impahla eyenziwe yisikhumba sesilwane esifuywayo noma esinyeni saso. Ngokuvamile "abanikazi" bangaphambili bethangi, elibizwa nangokuthi isikhwama, amathole, izimbuzi, izinkomo, izimvu. Imfuneko eyinhloko yesikhwama iwukuqina, ukugcwaliswa komoya okuhle.
• Umjovo we-tube-mouthpiece. Itholakala engxenyeni engenhla, exhunywe esikhwameni esinamasilinda okhuni. Inhloso – ukugcwalisa ithangi ngomoya. Ukuze ingaphumi emuva, kune-valve yokuvala ngaphakathi kweshubhu yomlomo.
• I-Chanter (ipayipi yomculo). Kubukeka sengathi umtshingo. Inamathisela ngaphansi kwesikhwama. Ifakwe izimbobo zomsindo eziningana, ngaphakathi kukhona umhlanga (ulimi), oscillating kusukela esenzweni somoya, ukudala imisindo ethuthumela. Umshicileli ushaya ingoma eyinhloko esebenzisa i-chanter.
• Drones (bourdon pipes). Inombolo yama-drones yizicucu ezingu-1-4. Khonza ngomsindo ongemuva oqhubekayo.

Indlela yokukhipha umsindo

Umculi ucula umculo esebenzisa ishubhu lomculo. Inethiphu lapho kushaywa khona umoya, izimbobo ezimbalwa eziseceleni. Amashubhu e-Bourdon, anesibopho sokudala umsindo ongemuva, kufanele alungiswe - kuye ngocezu lomculo. Bagcizelela indikimba eyinhloko, i-pitch iyashintsha ngenxa yama-pistons kuma-bourdons.

Indaba ye

Akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi i-bagpipe yavela nini - ososayensi basaphikisana ngomsuka wayo. Ngakho-ke, akucaci ukuthi insimbi yasungulwa kuphi nokuthi yiliphi izwe elingabhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa ye-bagpipe.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo zezinsimbi zomculo bezikhona kusukela kudala. Indawo okuthiwa imvelaphi ibizwa ngokuthi iSumer, eChina. Into eyodwa icacile: i-bagpipe yavela ngisho nangaphambi kokufika kwenkathi yethu, yayithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu basendulo, kuhlanganise namazwe ase-Asia. Kukhulunywa ngethuluzi elinjalo, izithombe zalo zitholakala kumaGreki asendulo, amaRoma.

Ukuhamba emhlabeni wonke, i-bagpipe ithole abalandeli abasha yonke indawo. Iminonjana yayo itholakala eNdiya, eFrance, eJalimane, eSpain nakwezinye izifundazwe. E-Russia, kwakukhona imodeli efanayo ngesikhathi sokuthandwa kwama-buffoon. Lapho bengasathandi, umbhobho owawuhambisana nama-buffoon nawo wacekelwa phansi.

I-bagpipe ngokwesiko ithathwa njengensimbi yaseScotland. Lapho selifikile kuleli zwe, leli thuluzi laba uphawu lwalo, umcebo wesizwe. I-Scotland ayinakucatshangwa ngaphandle kwemisindo edabukisayo futhi enokhahlo eyenziwa abashaya amapayipi. Ngokunokwenzeka, leli thuluzi lalethwa kumaScots livela eziMpini Zenkolo. Wajabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba. Ngenxa yabakhileyo ezintabeni, i-bagpipe ayizange nje ithole ukubukeka kwayo kwamanje, kodwa kamuva yaba insimbi kazwelonke.

Izinhlobo ze-bagpipe

Ithuluzi lasendulo lisabalale ngempumelelo emhlabeni wonke, lishintsha endleleni, liyashintsha. Cishe zonke izizwe zingaziqhenya ngezikhwama zazo: zinesisekelo esisodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo zihluke komunye nomunye. Amagama ama-bagpipes kwezinye izilimi ahluke kakhulu.

-Armenian

Insimbi yesintu yase-Armenia, ehlelwe njenge-bagpipe yase-Ireland, ibizwa ngokuthi "parkapzuk". Inomsindo oqinile, obukhali. Izici: ukufaka umoya isikhwama kokubili ngumenzi futhi ngosizo lwezinsimbi ezikhethekile, ukuba khona kweshubhu elilodwa noma amabili e-melodic anezimbobo. Umculi ubamba isikhwama eceleni, phakathi kwengalo nomzimba, ephoqa umoya ukuba ungene ngokucindezela indololwane emzimbeni.

Bulgarian

Igama lendawo lensimbi yi-gaida. Inomsindo ophansi. Abantu basemakhaya benza i-gaida besebenzisa isikhumba sezilwane ezifuywayo (izimbuzi, izinqama). Ikhanda lesilwane lishiywe njengengxenye yensimbi - amapayipi akhipha umsindo aphuma kuwo.

UBreton

AmaBretons akwazile ukusungula izinhlobo ezintathu ngasikhathi sinye: i-biniu goat (insimbi yasendulo ezwakala okokuqala ku-duet ene-bombarda), i-biniu braz (i-analogue yensimbi yaseScotland eyenziwe umpetha wamaBreton ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. ekhulwini), ithwalwe (cishe ifane nembuzi ye-biniu, kodwa izwakala kahle ngaphandle kokuhambisana ne-bombarda).

Irish

Kwavela ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Wawuhlukaniswa ngokuba khona koboya obudonsa umoya ngaphakathi. Inebanga elihle lama-octave ama-2 agcwele.

Kazakh

Igama lesizwe yi-zhelbuaz. Yisikhumba samanzi esinentamo esingavaleka. Igqokwa entanyeni, phezu kwentambo. Masisebenzise kuma-ensembles wezinsimbi zomdabu zaseKazakh.

Isi-Lithuanian-Belarusian

Izinkomba zokuqala ezilotshiwe ze-duda, i-bagpipe ngaphandle kwe-bourdon, zaqala ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. I-Duda isasetshenziswa ngenkuthalo nanamuhla, njengoba ithole ukusetshenziswa kwezinganekwane. Idumile hhayi kuphela eLithuania, Belarus, kodwa nasePoland. Kukhona insimbi efanayo yesiCzech efakwa ehlombe.

Spanish

Ukusungulwa kweSpanishi okubizwa ngokuthi "i-gaita" kuyahluka kokunye lapho kukhona i-chanter yemoba ephindwe kabili. Ngaphakathi kwe-chanter kunesiteshi esiyindilinga, ngaphandle - izimbobo ezingu-7 zeminwe kanye neyodwa ohlangothini olungemuva.

Italian

Amapayipi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezifundeni eziseningizimu yezwe, abizwa ngokuthi “zamponya”. Afakwe amapayipi amabili e-melodic, amapayipi amabili e-bourdon.

umyeni

Igama lezinhlobonhlobo zaseMari yi-shuvyr. Inomsindo ocijile, ukhenceza kancane. Ifakwe amashubhu amathathu: amabili - melodic, elilodwa lisetshenziselwa ukumpompa umoya.

Mordovian

Umklamo weMordovia ubizwa ngokuthi "puvama". Yayinencazelo yesiko - kwakukholelwa ukuthi ivikela iso elibi, umonakalo. Kwakukhona izinhlobo ezimbili, ezihlukile ngenani lamapayipi, indlela yokudlala.

Isi-Ossetian

Igama lesizwe ngu-lalym-wadyndz. Inamashubhu ama-2: melodic, kanye nokumpompa umoya esikhwameni. Ngesikhathi sokudlala, umculi ubamba isikhwama endaweni yamakhwapha, edonsa umoya ngesandla sakhe.

Portuguese

Kufana nomklamo weSpanishi negama - gaita. Izinhlobonhlobo - i-gaita de fole, i-gaita Galician, njll.

Russian

Kwakuyinsimbi ethandwayo. Yayinamapayipi angu-4. Yathathelwa indawo amanye amathuluzi esizwe.

Ukrainian

Inegama lokukhuluma elithi “imbuzi”. Ifana neyesiBulgaria, lapho ikhanda lisetshenziswa kanye nesikhumba sesilwane.

French

Izifunda ezahlukahlukene zezwe zinezinhlobo zazo: i-cabrette (i-burdon eyodwa, uhlobo lwendololwane), i-bodega (i-burdon eyodwa), i-musette (insimbi yenkantolo yekhulu lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX).

I-Chuvash

Izinhlobo ezimbili - shapar, sarnay. Zihluke ngenani lamashubhu, amakhono omculo.

Scottish

Okwaziwayo kakhulu futhi okudumile. Ngolimi lwendabuko, igama lizwakala njengokuthi "i-bagpipe". Inamapayipi angu-5: 3 bourdon, 1 melodic, 1 umoya ovunguzayo.

Estonian

Isisekelo yisisu noma esinyeni sesilwane kanye namashubhu angu-4-5 (elilodwa ngalinye elivuthela umoya nokudlala umculo, kanye namashubhu angu-2-3 e-bourdon).