U-Alexander Varlamov (u-Alexander Varlamov) |

Alexander Varlamov

Ezothando nezingoma zika-A. Varlamov yikhasi eliqhakazile emculweni wezwi lesiRashiya. Umqambi wethalente elimangalisayo lomculo, wadala imisebenzi enenani elikhulu lobuciko, eyazuza ukuthandwa okungajwayelekile. Ubani ongawazi izingoma zezingoma ezithi "Red Sundress", "Emgwaqweni isiphepho seqhwa" noma ezothando "Useyili onesizungu uphenduka umhlophe", "Ekuseni ungamvusi"? Njengoba umuntu owayephila ngaleso sikhathi asho ngokufanelekile, izingoma zakhe “ezinezisusa zesiRashiya sezithandwa kakhulu.” Ingoma edumile ethi "Red Sarafan" yaculwa "yizo zonke izigaba - kokubili egumbini lokuhlala lesikhulu kanye nendlwana yezinkukhu zabalimi", yaze yabanjwa ngombhalo odumile waseRussia. Umculo kaVarlamov ubonakala nasezinganekwaneni: i-romance yomqambi, njengesici sokuphila kwansuku zonke, yethulwa emisebenzini yababhali abaningi - N. Gogol, I. Turgenev, N. Nekrasov, N. Leskov, I. Bunin ngisho umbhali oyiNgisi uJ. Galsworthy ( inoveli ethi “Ukuphela Kwesahluko”). Kodwa isiphetho somqambi sasinenjabulo encane kunesiphetho sezingoma zakhe.

U-Varlamov wazalelwa emndenini ompofu. Ithalente lakhe lomculo lazibonakalisa kusenesikhathi: yena ngokwakhe wazifundisa wafunda ukudlala i-violin - wathatha izingoma zomdabu ngendlebe. Izwi elihle, elizwakalayo lomfana lanquma isiphetho sakhe sesikhathi esizayo: eneminyaka engu-9 wangeniswa e-St. Petersburg Court Singing Chapel njengomculi womculo wentsha. Kuleli qembu lekwaya elidumile, uVarlamov wafunda ngaphansi kokuqondisa komqondisi wendlu yesonto, umqambi wezingoma waseRussia ovelele uD. Bortnyansky. Ngokushesha uVarlamov waba umculi wekhwaya, wafunda ukudlala upiyano, i-cello nesiginci.

Ngo-1819, lo mculi osemusha wathunyelwa eHolland njengothisha we-chorister esontweni lenxusa laseRussia eThe Hague. Izwe lemibono emisha ehlukahlukene livuleka phambi kwensizwa: ivame ukuya ku-opera namakhonsathi. uze adlale obala njengomculi nesigingci. Khona-ke, ngokuvuma kwakhe, “wafunda ngamabomu imfundiso yomculo.” Lapho ebuyela ezweni lakubo (1823), u-Varlamov wafundisa e-St. Ngokushesha, ehholo le-Philharmonic Society, unikeza ikhonsathi yakhe yokuqala eRussia, lapho eqhuba khona imisebenzi ye-symphonic ne-choral futhi enze njengomculi. Imihlangano noM. Glinka yadlala indima ebalulekile - yaba nesandla ekwakhiweni kwemibono ezimele yomculi osemusha mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kobuciko baseRussia.

Ngo-1832, u-Varlamov wamenywa njengomsizi womqhubi we-Moscow Imperial Theatre, wabe esethola isikhundla “somqambi womculo.” Ngokushesha wangena embuthanweni we-intelligentsia yobuciko baseMoscow, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abantu abaningi abanamakhono, abaguquguqukayo nabanekhono elikhanyayo: abadlali uM. Shchepkin, P. Mochalov; abaqambi u-A. Gurilev, A. Verstovsky; imbongi N. Tsyganov; ababhali M. Zagoskin, N. Polevoy; umculi A. Bantyshev nabanye. Bahlanganiswe uthando olujulile lomculo, izinkondlo, nobuciko besintu.

“Umculo udinga umphefumulo,” kubhala uVarlamov, “futhi amaRussia anawo, ubufakazi yizingoma zethu zomdabu.” Phakathi nale minyaka, u-Varlamov uqamba "I-Red Sundress", "O, ibuhlungu, kodwa ibuhlungu", "Inhliziyo enjani le", "Musa ukwenza umsindo, imimoya enamandla", "Yini eseyinkungu, ukusa. kucacile” nezinye ezothando nezingoma ezifakwe ku-“ I-albhamu yomculo ka-1833″ futhi yakhazimulisa igama lomqambi. Ngesikhathi esebenza enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, u-Varlamov ubhala umculo wemikhiqizo eminingi emangalisayo (i-"Two-wife" kanye ne-"Roslavlev" ka-A. Shakhovsky - eyesibili esekelwe inoveli kaM. Zagoskin; "Prince Silver" esekelwe endabeni ethi "Attacks" ngu-A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky;“Esmeralda” esekelwe kunoveli ethi “Notre Dame Cathedral” ka-V. Hugo, “Hamlet” ka-V. Shakespeare). Ukuhlelwa kwenhlekelele kaShakespeare kwakuyisenzakalo esivelele. V. Belinsky, owahambela lo mdlalo izikhathi ezingu-7, wabhala ngentshiseko ngokuhumusha kukaPolevoy, ukusebenza kukaMochalov njengoHamlet, mayelana nengoma yohlanya u-Ophelia...

I-Ballet iphinde ibe nesithakazelo ku-Varlamov. 2 yemisebenzi yakhe kulolu hlobo - "Ukuzijabulisa kweSultan, noma Umdayisi Wezigqila" kanye nethi "The Cunning Boy and the Ogre", ebhalwe kanye no-A. Guryanov esekelwe enganekwaneni kaCh. UPerrault "Umfana onomunwe", wayesesiteji seBolshoi Theatre. Umqambi naye wayefuna ukubhala i-opera - wathatheka ngesakhiwo senkondlo ka-A. Mickiewicz ethi "Konrad Wallenrod", kodwa umqondo wawulokhu ungafezeki.

Umsebenzi wokudlala kaVarlamov awuzange ume phakathi nokuphila kwakhe. Wenza ngendlela ehlelekile emakhonsathini, ngokuvamile njengomculi. Umqambi wayene-tenor encane, kodwa enhle nge-timbre, ukucula kwakhe kwakuhlukaniswa nomculo ongavamile nobuqotho. “Waveza… ngothando lwakhe,” kuphawula omunye wabangane bakhe.

U-Varlamov wayaziwa kabanzi njengothisha wezwi. "Isikole Sokucula" sakhe (1840) - umsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu eRussia kule ndawo - awulahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwawo ngisho namanje.

Iminyaka engu-3 yokugcina uVarlamov ayichitha eSt. Petersburg, lapho ayenethemba lokuthi uzophinde abe uthisha eSinging Chapel. Lesi sifiso asifezekanga, impilo yayinzima. Ukuthandwa okubanzi komculi akuzange kumvikele ebuphofini nasekudumaleni. Wabulawa isifo sofuba eneminyaka engu-47.

Ingxenye eyinhloko, ebaluleke kakhulu yefa lokudala likaVarlamov yizothando nezingoma (cishe 200, kuhlanganise nama-ensembles). Umbuthano wezimbongi ubanzi kakhulu: A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, V. Zhukovsky, A. Delvig, A. Polezhaev, A. Timofeev, N. Tsyganov. I-Varlamov ivula umculo waseRussia A. Koltsov, A. Pleshcheev, A. Fet, M. Mikhailov. Njengo-A. Dargomyzhsky, ungomunye wabokuqala ukukhuluma noLermontov; ukunaka kwakhe kuphinde kudonswe izinguqulo ezivela ku-IV Goethe, G. Heine, P. Beranger.

U-Varlamov ungumculi wezingoma, umculi wemizwa elula yomuntu, ubuciko bakhe bubonisa imicabango nezifiso zabantu besikhathi sakhe, kwakuhambisana nomoya ongokomoya wenkathi yawo-1830. "Ukomela isivunguvungu" othandweni "Useyili onesizungu uphenduka ube mhlophe" noma isimo sokubhujiswa okudabukisayo kwezothando "Kunzima, awekho amandla" yizithombe-isimo sengqondo sikaVarlamov. Izitayela zangaleso sikhathi zathinta kokubili isifiso sothando nokuvuleka ngokomzwelo kwezingoma zikaVarlamov. Ububanzi balo bubanzi kakhulu: kusukela kupende okhanyayo, we-watercolor othandweni lwezwe "Ngithanda ukubuka ubusuku obucwathile" kuya ku-elegy emangalisayo "Uhambile".

Umsebenzi kaVarlamov uxhumeke ngokungenakuhlukaniswa namasiko omculo wansuku zonke, nezingoma zomdabu. Isekelwe ngokujulile, iveza izici zayo zomculo ngobuqili - ngolimi, endabeni, ngesakhiwo esingokomfanekiso. Izithombe eziningi zothando lukaVarlamov, kanye nenani lamasu omculo ahlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nomculo, ziqondiswe esikhathini esizayo, futhi ikhono lomqambi lokuphakamisa umculo wansuku zonke ezingeni lobuciko bezobuchwepheshe ngempela lifanelwe ukunakwa nanamuhla.

N. Amashidi