U-Adolphe Charles Adam |

U-Adolphe Charles Adam

Umbhali we-ballet edume umhlaba wonke "Giselle" A. Adam wayengomunye wabaqambi abadumile nabathandwayo baseFrance engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-46. Ama-opera nama-ballet akhe ajabulela impumelelo enkulu nomphakathi, udumo luka-Adana ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe lwawela imingcele yaseFrance. Ifa lakhe likhulu: ama-opera angaphezu kwe-18, ama-ballet angu-XNUMX (phakathi kwawo kukhona i-The Maiden of the Danube, Corsair, Faust). Umculo wakhe uhlukaniswa nobuhle bomculo, ubuciko bephethini, kanye nobuqili bezinsimbi. U-Adan wazalelwa emndenini womdlali wopiyano, uprofesa eParis Conservatory L. Adan. Udumo lukababa lwalulukhulu impela, phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kwakukhona uF. Kalkbrenner noF. Herold. Eminyakeni yakhe encane, u-Adan akazange abonise isithakazelo emculweni futhi walungiselela umsebenzi wokuba usosayensi. Noma kunjalo, wathola imfundo yakhe yomculo eParis Conservatory. Umhlangano nomqambi uF. Boildieu, omunye wabaqambi baseFrance abahamba phambili bangaleso sikhathi, waba nethonya elinamandla ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhono akhe okuqamba. Ngokushesha wabona isipho somculo ku-Adana futhi wamyisa ekilasini lakhe.

Impumelelo yomqambi osemusha yayiphawuleka kangangokuthi ngo-1825 wathola uMklomelo WaseRoma. U-Adana no-Boildieu babe nokuxhumana okujulile kokudala. Ngokusho kwemidwebo kathisha wakhe, u-Adam wabhala i-overture ye-opera edume kakhulu nedume kakhulu kaBoildieu, i-White Lady. Naye, u-Boildieu waqagela ku-Adana ubizo lomculo weshashalazi futhi wameluleka ukuthi aqale aphendukele ohlotsheni lwe-comic opera. I-opera yokuqala yamahlaya i-Adana yabhalwa ngo-1829 ngokusekelwe esakhiweni somlando waseRussia, lapho uPeter I wayengomunye wabalingiswa abakhulu. I-opera yayibizwa ngokuthi uPeter noCatherine. Ama-opera avela eminyakeni eyalandela azuza udumo nokuthandwa okukhulu: I-Cabin (1834), i-Postman yaseLongjumeau (1836), Inkosi yaseYveto (1842), Cagliostro (1844). Umqambi wabhala okuningi futhi ngokushesha. “Cishe bonke abagxeki bangisola ngokubhala ngokushesha,” kubhala u-Adan, “ngabhala i<em>Cabin ngezinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu, i<em>Giselle ngamasonto amathathu, nethi If I Bere A King ngezinyanga ezimbili.” Nokho, impumelelo enkulu kanye nempilo ende yawela engxenyeni ye-ballet yakhe u-Giselle (mahhala T. Gauthier noG. Corali), owasebenza njengesiqalo salokho okubizwa. I-French ballet yothando. Amagama we-ballerinas emangalisayo Ch. UGrisi no-M. Taglioni, abadale isithombe senkondlo nesithenda sika-Giselle, bahlotshaniswa ne-ballet ye-Adana. Igama elithi Adana lalaziwa kakhulu eRussia. Emuva ngo-1839, weza eSt. Petersburg, ehamba nomfundi wakhe, umculi odumile uSheri-Kuro, ohambweni lwakhe. Petersburg, uthando lwe-ballet lwalubusa. I-Taglioni idlale esiteji. Umqambi wazibonela impumelelo yomdansi engxenyeni eyinhloko ye-ballet yakhe ethi The Maiden of the Danube. I-opera house yenza umbono ongaqondakali ku-Adana. Waphawula ukushiyeka kweqembu le-opera futhi wakhuluma kamnandi nge-ballet: “… Lapha wonke umuntu uyakujabulela ukudansa. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, njengoba abaculi bakwamanye amazwe bengalokothi beze eSt. Ngakho-ke impumelelo yomculi engihamba naye yayinkulu kakhulu ... "

Zonke izimpumelelo zakamuva ze-ballet yaseFrance zadluliselwa ngokushesha esiteji saseRussia. I-ballet ethi "Giselle" yadlalwa eSt. Petersburg ngo-1842, unyaka ngemva komdlalo wokuqala waseParis. Kusafakwe ohlwini lwemidlalo yaseshashalazini eminingi kuze kube namuhla.

Iminyaka eminingana umqambi engaqali ukuqamba umculo. Ngemuva kokungaboni ngaso linye nomqondisi we-Opera Comique, u-Adan wanquma ukuvula eyakhe inkundla ebizwa ngokuthi iNational Theatre. Kwathatha unyaka kuphela, futhi umqambi owonakele waphoqeleka, ukuze athuthukise isimo sakhe sezezimali, aphendukele ekuqambeni futhi. Ngayo leyo minyaka (1847-48), ama-feuilletons akhe amaningi nezihloko zanyatheliswa, futhi kusukela ngo-1848 waba uprofesa eParis Conservatory.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi yalesi sikhathi kukhona inqwaba yama-opera amangazwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo: Toreador (1849), Giralda (1850), The Nuremberg Doll (esekelwe endabeni emfushane ka-TA Hoffmann The Sandman - 1852), Be I King. "(1852)," Falstaff "(ngokukaW. Shakespeare - 1856). Ngo-1856, elinye lama-ballet akhe athandwa kakhulu, i-Le Corsaire, ladlalwa.

Umphakathi waseRussia waba nethuba lokujwayelana nethalente lokubhala lomqambi emakhasini e-Theatre and Musical Bulletin, okwathi ngo-1859 yashicilela izingcezu zemibhalo yomqambi emakhasini ayo. Umculo we-Adan ungelinye lamakhasi agqama kakhulu esikweni lomculo lekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi uC. Saint-Saens wabhala: “Ziphi izinsuku ezimangalisayo zikaGiselle noCorsair? Lawa kwakungama-ballet ayisibonelo. Amasiko abo adinga ukuvuselelwa. Ngenxa kaNkulunkulu, uma kungenzeka, sinikeze ama-ballet amahle akudala.”

L. Kozhevnikova